INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY LIAISON INDONESIA

FACULTY OF LIFE SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Formal Report of Experiment :

Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier

Submitted by

Andharisanti Azalia Maharani

Batch 2018

Submitted to

Mrs. Evelyn Djiuardi

Mrs. Epri Pratiwi

Partners

Angelia Maharani Putri Lean

Edlin Prima Annisa

Jessica Amelia Luis

Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 1

ABSTRACT
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 2

This experiment measures the times t that a uniformly accelerated trolley requires to
travel different distances (paths) s between a holding magnet and a light barrier. The path s is
read directly from a scale on the track and the s(t) diagram is generated. Additionally, the
software calculates the average velocities and show in diagram. The obscuration times of the
light barrier, which are caused by a flag having the width, are also determined. This permits
determination of the instantaneous velocities at the site of the light barrier within close
approximation and their display in a diagram. The difference between the average velocity
and instantaneous velocity becomes easily recognizable.

CONTENT
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 3

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………...1

TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………………………….....2

INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………...………...3

METHODS…………………………………………………………………………………....6

RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………………..8

DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………………..11

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………16

APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………….17

INTRODUCTION
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 4

Linear motion is one-dimensional motion a long straight line. According to Newton’s

second law, objects that do not experience any net force, it will continue to move in straight
line. A free fall is a concept of when object are falling solely under the influence of gravity.

In this experiment acceleration due to gravity is used to investigate an object

undergoing uniformly accelerated motion to see how velocity and displacement chance with
time.

If object has constant acceleration, the velocity is changing at a steady rate, hence, the
velocity of the object at any time is set to be linear.

“v = a . t”
Position varies with square of the time.

In this experiment, to move the object move under the influence of gravity, the air
track is elevated a block.

“a = g . sin θ”
When we study about gravity and acceleration, it means we are studying about
kinematics. Kinematics involve position, velocity, and acceleration. An object must have a
position that can be defined in coordinate system. After the position of the object changes,
velocity can be calculated. Last but not least, acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
with respect to time. If there are no net forces acting on an object, then it will have a constant
velocity. Also if there is a constant net force acting on an object, like gravity for instance,
then it will have constant acceleration. Cases about constant velocity and of constant
acceleration are worth considering in more detail.

Motion with constant acceleration occurs in everyday life whenever an object is

dropped: the object moves downward with the constant acceleration , under the influence of
gravity.

This picture shows the graphs of displacement versus time and velocity versus time
for a body moving with constant acceleration. It can be seen that the displacement-time graph
consists of a curved-line whose gradient (slope) is increasing in time. This line can be
represented algebraically as

Here, Xo is the displacement at time t this quantity can be determined from the graph
as the intercept of the curved-line with the x axis. Likewise, Vo is the body's instantaneous
velocity at time t=0.
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 5

If the initial position is 0, and for the object starting from rest, the position at any time
reduces to

1
x = v0 t + 2a𝑡 2

In the case of uniform motion, a mass point covers equal distances Δs on a straight
line in equal time intervals Δt. Its velocity v = Δs / Δt (I) has a constant value. For
determining the velocity, an arbitrary time interval Δt can be chosen in which the distance Δs
is measured.

If the motion is not uniform, the velocity changes in the course of time and Eq. (I)
gives the mean value of the velocity during the time interval Δt. For determining the
instantaneous velocity at a time t, the time interval Δt has to be chosen as small as possible.
Therefore it is more precise to define the velocity
as the limit v(t) = ds / dt.

In this experiment, Newton’s Second Law will be proven with a Fletcher’s Trolley, it
is very important to understand the basic stuff in this experiment and how to implement it.
Since it provides low friction, the air track can be used for a variety of mechanics
experiments. It allows an experimenter to quickly and easily simulate zero friction, which is
very useful for collisions, acceleration due to gravity, energy transformation, projectile
motion, and numerous other physical laws. Also, to answer the discovery questions.

Discovery questions :

1. What are the major sources of error in this procedure?

 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 6

2. What would be the shapes of the curves for a graph of y versus t of the data in each
experimental case? How would you determine the value of the cars’s acceleration from a
graph using only y and t values (that is, not computing v1)?
3. What is the physical significance of the slope of the graph for the case of the level air
track?
4. What the maximum possible value of the slope of a v versus t curve for the car released
from rest on an air track elevated at one end? Describe the experimental setup in this
case.

METHODS
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 7

This experiment measures the times t that a uniformly accelerated trolley requires to
travel different distances (paths) s between a holding magnet and a light barrier. The path s is
read directly from a scale on the track and the s(t) diagram is generated.

Additionally, the software calculates the average velocities vm = s/t and shows these
in a vm(t) diagram.

The obscuration times Δt of the light barrier, which are caused by a flag having the
width Δs, are also determined. This permits determination of the instantaneous velocities v =
Δs/Δt at the site of the light barrier within close approximation and their display in a v(t)
diagram. The difference between the average velocity and instantaneous velocity becomes
easily recognizable.

Equipment :

Sensor Cassy
Cassy Lab
Timer box or timer S
Track
Trolley
Newton weights
Holding magnet
Combination light barrier
Combination spoked wheel
Fishing line
Multi core cable, 6 pole
Pair of cables, 100 cm, red and blue
PC with Windows XP/Vista/7/8

Procedure :

 Set up the air track by connecting the air compressor to the track using the hose. Place a
glider on the track and turn on the compressor. Adjust the support legs so that the track is
level. When the track is level the glider should be able to remain stationary. A level
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 8

starting position ensures that the angle that is introduced per the laboratory procedure is
the only change in angle.
 Set up CASSY Lab 2 in a PC / Laptop
 Elevate one end of the track using a tool to elevate it. Measure the height of the tool, h.
 Hold the trolley in place with the holding magnet.
 Place the light barrier at the designated distance (0.25 m).
 Start the measurement when the trolley starts moving
 Read off path s between the holding magnet and the light barrier and enter this in the
table (activate keyboard input in the correct table cell using the mouse).
 Repeat Step 5 for distance of 0.50 m, 0.75 m, 1.00 m, 1.100 m. At each distance have
four times of measurement. Record all times in the Data Table.
 The red LED on top of the photogate shows when the gate is blocked. Re-adjust the gate
as the photogate timer moves along the track. Make sure the gate is perpendicular to the
air track.

RESULTS
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 9

In this experiment we were going to do measures the times t that a uniformly

accelerated trolley requires to travel different distances (paths) s between a holding magnet
and a light barrier.

We do this experiment by trying with 5 different distances and 3 different heights.

Each our experiment was repeated 3 times to make sure that our results can be more accurate.
After several trials and error, it can be concluded that there are some uncertainties in our
experiment. The uncertainty is experimenter’s best estimate of how far an experimental
quantity might be from the true value.

Length of air track = 140 cm = 0,14 m

Data I

Distance (m) 0,25 0,50 0,75 1 1,10

1. Time (s) 0,90 1,54 1,85 1,97 1,83
Level air track 0,90 1,70 1,74 1,76 1,78
H1 = 0,15 m 0,90 1,70 1,85 1,74 2,01
Average 0,90 1,65 1,81 1,82 1,87
Computed V1 (m/s) 0,55 0,6 0,82 1,09 1,17

y = 0.5029x + 0.0363
Data I R² = 0.5306
1.4

1.2

0.8
V1
0.6
Linear (V1)
0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Slope = 0,5029

Data II

Distance (m) 0,25 0,50 0,75 1 1,10

 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 10

2. Time (s) 0,73 1,01 1,22 1,40 1,69

Elevated air track 0,73 1,00 1,22 1,41 1,47
H2 = 0,20 m 0,73 1,01 1,22 1,41 1,47
Average 0,73 1,01 1,22 1,41 1,54
Computed V2 (m/s) 0,68 0,99 1,22 1,41 1,42

y = 0.9593x + 0.0101
Data II R² = 0.976
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8 V2

0.6 Linear (V2)

0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Slope = 0,9593

Data III
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 11

Distance (m) 0,25 0,50 0,75 1 1,10

3. Time (s) 0,63 0,90 1,06 1,22 1,28
Elevated air track 0,64 0,87 1,06 1,22 1,28
H3 = 0,25 m 0,64 0,87 1,06 1,22 1,28
Average 0,64 0,88 1,06 1,22 1,28
Computed V3 (m/s) 0,78 1,13 1,38 1,63 1,71

y = 1.4562x - 0.1535
Data III R² = 0.9997
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
V3
0.8
Linear (V3)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5

Slope = 1,4562

DISCUSSION
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 12

This experiment is about accelerated motion between holding magnet and light
barrier. In this experiment, we wanted to prove that the acceleration due to gravity is
approximately constant, with a common value of g = 9.80 𝑚⁄𝑠 2 .
Using Fletcher’s trolley, we were able to calculate the velocity and acceleration using
these formulas :

1
𝑥 = 𝑥0 + 𝑣0 . 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1 2
𝑥= 𝑎𝑡
2
𝑣 = 𝑎. 𝑡

𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃

2𝑠
𝑎=
𝑡2
We use CASSY LAB 2 to operate the Fletcher’s Trolley. We set up the air track and
decided the height to elevate the end of the air track.

We had three experiment, we decided to choose our length preferences starting from
0.25m, 0.50m, 0.75m, 1.00m, 1.10m. For the first attempt, we set the height for 0.15 m.
Using CASSY Lab 2, we were able to launch the car using the program. The car started to
move from the starting point until it passed the photogate device. The photogate device was
designed to measure how much time needed for the car to slide in particular length. We tried
this experiment with 5 different distances and 3 different heights. Each of our experiment was
repeated 5 times to make sure that our results could be more accurate.

First Attempt

Distance (m) 0,25 0,50 0,75 1 1,10

Time (s) 0,90 1,54 1,85 1,97 1,83
Level air track 0,90 1,70 1,74 1,76 1,78
H1 = 0,15 m 0,90 1,70 1,85 1,74 2,01
Average 0,90 1,65 1,81 1,82 1,87
Computed V1 (m/s) 0,55 0,6 0,82 1,09 1,17

Second Attempt
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 13

Distance (m) 0,25 0,50 0,75 1 1,10

4. Time (s) 0,73 1,01 1,22 1,40 1,69
Elevated air track 0,73 1,00 1,22 1,41 1,47
H2 = 0,20 m 0,73 1,01 1,22 1,41 1,47
Average 0,73 1,01 1,22 1,41 1,54
Computed V2 (m/s) 0,68 0,99 1,22 1,41 1,42

Third Attempt

Distance (m) 0,25 0,50 0,75 1 1,10

5. Time (s) 0,63 0,90 1,06 1,22 1,28
Elevated air track 0,64 0,87 1,06 1,22 1,28
H3 = 0,25 m 0,64 0,87 1,06 1,22 1,28
Average 0,64 0,88 1,06 1,22 1,28
Computed V3 (m/s) 0,78 1,13 1,38 1,63 1,71

From the table we know that although we repeated this experiment for five times,
there are still some differences which can be caused by human error or device error.

We also made a graph to find the slopes of our experiment.

y = 0.5029x + 0.0363
Data I R² = 0.5306
1.4

1.2

0.8
V1
0.6
Linear (V1)
0.4

0.2

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

Shape of the graph is not linear

 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 14

y = 0.9593x + 0.0101
Data II R² = 0.976
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8 V2

0.6 Linear (V2)

0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2

y = 1.4562x - 0.1535
Data III R² = 0.9997
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
V3
0.8
Linear (V3)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.5 1 1.5

Shape of the graph is linear

2𝑠
We compared two different acceleration formulas, which are 𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 and 𝑎 = .
𝑡2
The answers from each formula were very different. Some are linear and some are unstable.
After several experiments and calculations, it is known from our data table that the velocity
and acceleration were unstable, that is what makes the shape of the graph is not linear. Based
on our predictions we assumed that there was a slight mistakes.

For percent difference we use this formula :

𝑎1− 𝑎2
𝑥 100
𝑎2
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 15

The instantaneous velocity of an object at a particular time is equal to the slope of its
position vs. time graph at that time. On the other hand, the average velocity between two
times is equal to the slope of the line joining the two points on the position vs. time graph.

If the velocity of the object increases with time, its acceleration increases. If the
velocity of an object decreases with time, its acceleration is negative. The motion is
uniformly accelerated motion or it non-uniformly accelerated, depending on how the velocity
changes with time.

Objectives :

 Distinguish between average and instantaneous velocity.

 To explain how velocity of an uniformly accelerated objects charge with time.
 Explore how aistance traveled by unimformly accelerate change with time.
 Explain how the unimform acceleration an object may determine from distance and time.

Post Lab / Discovery Questions

1. What are the major sources of error in this experiment?

The major sources of error were either in the precision of the instruments or human error. The
meter stick had an uncertainty value far greater than the uncertainty value presented by the
photogate. The meter stick would have had contributed the greatest uncertainty to the
procedure. Other uncertainties would have included any friction induced by the air track and
slight levelling errors at the beginning of the procedure, affecting the velocity calculations.

2. What would be the shapes of the curves for a graph of y versus t of the data in each
experimental case? How would you determine the value of the car’s acceleration
from a graph using only y and t values (that is not computing 𝐯𝐢 )?

The shapes of the curves are supposed to be linear with positive slopes. The slope of the line
on a velocity-time graph reveals useful information about the acceleration of the object. As
the graph increases, the acceleration will also increase.

3. What is the physical significance of the slope of the graph for the case of the level air
track?

The graph for the level track would look very similar because there is no change in y. That
graph would be a straight line with no slope, the other to graphs would change. Both of their
slopes would flip over from a step positive to a negative because as the car travles down the
track over time, the y value would decrease the longer the car travels.
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 16

4. What is the possible maximum value of the slope of a v-versus-t curve for a car
released for rest on an air track elevated at one end? Describe the experimental set up
in this case

Acceleration is the derivative of “v vs. t”, so that means that the slope of the “v versus t”
curve is acceleration itself. On earth, the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2, so your car
can not exceed that acceleration when released. Thus, assuming you are on earth and your
chart is in seconds and meters, then the maximum “v versus t” slope (acceleration) you can
have is 9.8 m/s2.

From that experiment we conclude that the determination of the gravitational

acceleration. It allows the use of gravitationally accelerated objects and the relationship
between force, mass, and acceleration.

The measured value of the acceleration due to gravity was higher using the a = g sin
2𝑠
θ formula and lower using the a = 𝑡 2 formula than the accepted value of 9.80𝑚⁄𝑠 2 . It is
surprising that this value is beyond than the accepted value. This experiment seemed to have
a non-uniform acceleration.

As the time increases, the velocity of the trolley will increase too. Even though the
graph is supposed to be linear, our data shows that the velocity and the acceleration are
unstable. Measurements have a degree of uncertainty regardless of precision and accuracy.
This is caused by the limitation of the measuring instrument (systematic error) and the
experimenter’s lack of measuring skill (random error).
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 17

REFERENCES

https://www.leybold-shop.com/physics/physics-experiments/mechanics/translational-
motions-of-a-mass-point/one-dimensional-motions-on-fletcher-s-trolley.html
https://www.dummies.com/education/science/physics/einsteins-general-relativity-theory-
gravity-as-acceleration/
https://www.rapidonline.com/pdf/52-3384M_v1.pdf
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 18

APPENDICES

Data I

H = 0,15 m

a) Average
t1 + t2 + t3
Formula :
3

 0,25 m
0,90 + 0,90 + 0,90
= 0,90 𝑠
3
 0,50 m
1,54 + 1,70 + 1,70
= 1,65 𝑠
3
 0,75 m
1,85 + 1,74 + 1,85
= 1,81 𝑠
3
 1m
1,97 + 1,76 + 1,74
= 1,82 𝑠
3
 1,10 m
1,83 + 1,78 + 2,01
= 1,87 𝑠
3

b) Velocity
2𝑥
Formula :
tavg

 0,25 m
2 . 0,25
= 0,55 𝑚/𝑠
0,90
 0,50 m
2 . 0,50
= 0,6 𝑚/𝑠
1,65
 0,75 m
2 . 0,75
= 0,82 𝑚/𝑠
1,81
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 19

 1m
2 .1
= 1,09 𝑚/𝑠
1,82
 1,10 m
2 . 1,10
= 1,17 𝑚/𝑠
1,87

c) Acceleration ( a1 )

Formula : a = g sin θ

 0,25 m
0,15
sin 𝜃 = 0,6
0,25
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,6 = 5,88 𝑚
 0,50 m
0,15
sin 𝜃 = 0,3
0,50
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,3 = 2,94 𝑚
 0,75 m
0,15
sin 𝜃 = 0,2
0,75
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,2 = 1,96 𝑚
 1m
0,15
sin 𝜃 = 0,15
1
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,15 = 1,47 𝑚
 1,10 m
0,15
sin 𝜃 = 0,136
1,10
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,136 = 1,33 𝑚

d) Acceleration ( a2 )
2𝑠
Formula : 𝑎 =
𝑡2

 0,25 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,25
𝑎= 2 = = 0,617 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (0,90)2
 0,50 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,50
𝑎= 2 = = 0,367 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,65)2
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 20

 0,75 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,75
𝑎= 2 = = 0,457 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,81)2
 1m
2𝑠 2 .1
𝑎= 2 = 2
= 0,603 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,82)
 1,10 m
2𝑠 2 . 1,10
𝑎= 2 = = 0,629 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,87)2

e) Percent Difference
𝑎1− 𝑎2
Formula : 𝑥 100%
𝑎2

2𝑠
Assume that 𝑎1 = the result from a = g sin θ and 𝑎2 = the result from a = 𝑡 2
 0,25 m
5,88 − 0,617
𝑥 100% = 8,5%
0,617
 0,50 m
2,94 − 0,367
𝑥 100% = 7,01%
0,367
 0,75 m
1,96 − 0,457
𝑥 100% = 3,2 %
0,457
 1m
1,47 − 0,603
𝑥 100% = 1,4%
0,603
 1,10 m
1,33 − 0,629
𝑥 100% = 1,1%
0,629

Data II

H = 0,20 m

a) Average
t1 + t2 + t3
Formula :
3

 0,25 m
0,73 + 0,73 + 0,73
= 0,73 𝑠
3
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 21

 0,50 m
1,01 + 1,00 + 1,01
= 1,01 𝑠
3
 0,75 m
1,22 + 1,22 + 1,22
= 1,22 𝑠
3
 1m
1,40 + 1,41 + 1,41
= 1,41𝑠
3
 1,10 m
1,69 + 1,47 + 1,47
= 1,54 𝑠
3

b) Velocity
2𝑥
Formula :
tavg

 0,25 m
2 . 0,25
= 0,68 𝑚/𝑠
0,73
 0,50 m
2 . 0,50
= 0,99 𝑚/𝑠
1,01
 0,75 m
2 . 0,75
= 1,22 𝑚/𝑠
1,22
 1m
2 .1
= 1,41 𝑚/𝑠
1,41
 1,10 m
2 . 1,10
= 1,42 𝑚/𝑠
1,54
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 22

c) Acceleration ( a1 )

Formula : a = g sin θ

 0,25 m
0,20
sin 𝜃 = 0,8
0,25
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,8 = 7,84 𝑚
 0,50 m
0,20
sin 𝜃 = 0,4
0,50
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,4 = 3,92 𝑚
 0,75 m
0,20
sin 𝜃 = 0,26
0,75
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,26 = 2,548 𝑚
 1m
0,20
sin 𝜃 = 0,20
1
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,20 = 1,96 𝑚
 1,10 m
0,20
sin 𝜃 = 0,18
1,10
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,18 = 1,764 𝑚

d) Acceleration ( a2 )
2𝑠
Formula : 𝑎 =
𝑡2

 0,25 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,25
𝑎= 2 = = 0,938 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (0,73)2
 0,50 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,50
𝑎= 2 = 2
= 0,98 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,01)
 0,75 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,75
𝑎= 2 = = 1,007 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,22)2
 1m
2𝑠 2 .1
𝑎= 2 = = 1,0059 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,41)2
 1,10 m
2𝑠 2 . 1,10
𝑎= 2 = = 0,927 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,54)2
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 23

e) Percent Difference
𝑎1− 𝑎2
Formula : 𝑥 100%
𝑎2

2𝑠
Assume that 𝑎1 = the result from a = g sin θ and 𝑎2 = the result from a = 𝑡 2
 0,25 m
7,84 − 0,938
𝑥 100% = 7,3%
0,938
 0,50 m
3,92 − 0,98
𝑥 100% = 3%
0,98
 0,75 m
2,548 − 1,007
𝑥 100% = 1,5%
1,007
 1m
1,96 − 1,0059
𝑥 100% = 0,94%
1,0059
 1,10 m
1,764 − 0,927
𝑥 100% = 0,9%
0,927

Data III

H = 0,25 m

a) Average
 0,25 m
0,63 + 0,64 + 0,64
= 0,64 𝑠
3
 0,50 m
0,90 + 0,87 + 0,87
= 0,88 𝑠
3
 0,75 m
1,06 + 1,06 + 1,06
= 1,06 𝑠
3
 1m
1,22 + 1,22 + 1,22
= 1,22 𝑠
3
 1,10 m
1,28 + 1,28 + 1,28
= 1,28 𝑠
3
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 24

b) Velocity
 0,25 m
2 . 0,25
= 0,78 𝑚/𝑠
0,64
 0,50 m
2 . 0,50
= 1,13 𝑚/𝑠
0,88
 0,75 m
2 . 0,75
= 1,38 𝑚/𝑠
1,06
 1m
2 .1
= 1,63 𝑚/𝑠
1,22
 1,10 m
2 . 1,10
= 1,71 𝑚/𝑠
1,28

c) Acceleration ( a1 )
 0,25 m
0,25
sin 𝜃 =1
0,25
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 1 = 9,8 𝑚
 0,50 m
0,25
sin 𝜃 = 0,5
0,50
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,5 = 4,9 𝑚
 0,75 m
0,25
sin 𝜃 = 0,33
0,75
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,33 = 3,234 𝑚
 1m
0,25
sin 𝜃 = 0,25
1
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,25 = 2,45 𝑚
 1,10 m
0,25
sin 𝜃 = 0,227
1,10
𝑎 = 𝑔 sin 𝜃 = 9,8 . 0,227 = 2,22 𝑚
 Accelerated Motion between holding Magnet and Light Barrier 25

d) Acceleration ( a2 )
 0,25 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,25
𝑎= 2 = = 1,22 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (0,64)2
 0,50 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,50
𝑎= 2 = = 1,29 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (0,88)2
 0,75 m
2𝑠 2 . 0,75
𝑎= 2 = = 1,334 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,06)2
 1m
2𝑠 2 .1
𝑎= 2 = = 1,343 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,22)2
 1,10 m
2𝑠 2 . 1,10
𝑎= 2 = = 1,3427 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 (1,28)2

e) Percent Difference
𝑎2− 𝑎1
Formula : 𝑥 100%
𝑎1

2𝑠
Assume that 𝑎1 = the result from a = g sin θ and 𝑎2 = the result from a = 𝑡 2
 0,25 m
9,8 − 1,22
𝑥 100% = 7,03%
1,22
 0,50 m
4,9 − 1,29
𝑥 100% = 2,79%
1,29
 0,75 m
3,234 − 1,334
𝑥 100% = 1,42%
1,334
 1m
2,45 − 1,343
𝑥 100% = 0,82%
1,343
 1,10 m
2,22 − 1,3427
𝑥 100% = 0,65%
1,3427