Philippine Literature

a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side by side with the country's history
literature
it is any printed matter written within a book, a magazine, or a phamplet
Litera
latin word of letter
Poetry
is a rhythmic, imaginative language expressing the invention, thought, imagination, taste, passion and
insight of the human soul
Verse
this is the poetic line
Rhyme
it refers to similar sounds within the line or among the lines in poetry
Assonance
similar vowel sounds
Alliteration
similar consonant sounds
Meter
this measures the quantity of syllables in a verse
Rhythm
this refers to the regular recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables
Imagery
figurative description in speech or writing
Simile
is a comparison between two unlike objects by using like or as
Metaphor
is an indirect comparison. This may be difficult to recognize because there is no signaling words
Personification
is putting human characteristics and capabilities to non - human things such as inanimate objects,
abstract ideas, or animals
Apostrophe
is a figure of speech in which the writer directly addresses an absent person as if he were present, or an
inanimate object or an abstract idea as if it had life
Hyperbole
is the use of excessive exaggeration for effect
Oxymoron
is the combining of contraries (opposites) to portray a particular image or to produce a striking effect
Paradox
is an apparent contradiction that contains a basic of truth reconciling two opposites
Parallelism
is an artistic instrument employed in matching two like events, nations, or situation
doctrina Cristiana
This was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography. It was written by Fr. Juan de
Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva, in Tagalog and Spanish

Urbana at Felisa
A book by Modesto de Castro, the so called Father of Classic Prose in Tagalo
Noli Me Tangere
This was the novel that gave spirit to the propaganda movement and paved the way to the revolution
against Spain. It exposed the Spanish-run government in the Philippine
Oral literature
-Literature that has been passed on by word of mouth
- This has Riddles, Proverbs, and Tanaga
Riddles or Bugtong. A battle of wits among participants
Proverbs or Salawikain. Wise sayings that contain a metaphor used to teach us a food for thought
Tanaga a mono-riming heptasyllabic quatrain expressing insights and lessons on life is "more
emotionally charged than the terse proverbs and thus has affinities with the folk lyric
Folk song It is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and inspirations, the people's lifestyles as
well as their loves. these are often repetitive and sonorous, didactic an naive
Ambahan or Mangyan. 7 syllables per line poem that are about human relationships and social
entertainments
Kalusan or Ivatan. Work songs that depict the livelihood of the people
Tagay or Cebuano and Waray. Drinking song
Kanogan or Cebuano. Song of lamentation for the dead
Folk tales Fiction stories that are based on legends.
Myths explain how the world was created, how certain animas possess certain characteristic, why some
places have waterfalls, volcanoes, mountains, flora and fauna
Legends explain the origin of things. Like "Why the pineapple has eyes."
Fables used animal characters and allegory
Fantastic stories Deal with underworld characters such as "tinayak", aswang, kapre, and others
Epics
these are "narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition revolving around supernatural events or
heroic deeds"
Famous epics
Biag ni Lam-ang
Hudhud and Alim
folksongs
these are short poems intended to be sung. The common theme is love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope,
and sorrow
Sonnets
this is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea
Elegy
this is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, and whose theme is death
Ode
this is a poem of a noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number, of syllables or definite
number of lines in a stanza
Psalms
this is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing philosophy of life
Awit
these have measures of twelve syllables and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or banduria
Corridos
these have measures of eight syllables and recited to a martial beat
Melodrama
this is usually used in musical plays with opera. It arouses immediate and intense emotion and is usually
sad but there is a happy ending for the principal character

Narrative Poerty
these are poems that relate series of events
Ballad
is considered as the shortest and simplest narrative. It has a simple structure and tells single incident
Metrical Romance
is a long rambling love story in verse revolving around the adventure of knights and lords and their
highborn ladies during the age of chivarly
Metrical Tale
is a narrative which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or a metrical romance
Epic
is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under supernatural control. It may deal with heroes
and gods
Lyric Poetry
originally, this refers to that kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of lyre, but now, this
applies to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet

Pasyon
A story of the life of Christ beginning with the Annunciation and ending with the Crucifixion
Moro-moro
-a type of drama that became extremely popular
-its subject matter was the conflict between the Christians And Moros with Christianity triumphing at the
end
Moros
-the Mohammedan Moors
-the Muslims
Corrido and Awit
Popular forms of poetry during the latter part of the Spanish rule and the early part of American regime
Corrido
A long narrative in verse narrating the deeds of a legendary hero
Awit
Dealt with the adventures of knights but in a light romantic tone
Francisco Baltazar
Wrote the awit "Florante at Laura"
Antonio Luna
Founded the newspaper "La Independencia"
Jose Rizal
Wrote his masterpieces:
Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not)
El Filibusterismo (The Subversive or The Reign of Greed)