ESTIMATION & SPECIFICATION NOTES

UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS ( 2 MARKS)

EARTHWORK EXCAVATION Cu.m or M3

CONCRETE Cu.m or M3

BRICKWORK Cu.m or M3

FOUNDATION CONCRETE Cu.m or M3

RCC ROOF SLAB Sq.m orM2

SUPPLY OF MATERIALS ( 2 MARKS )

BRICKS 1000 nos

CEMENT BAGS/TONNE/QUINTAL
(1 bag = 0.0354 Cu.m)

STEEL KILOGRAMS/TONNES

SAND 100 Cu.ft/2.83 Cu.m

TILES 1000 NOS

PLYWOOD,GLASS PANELS Sq.m

PLINTH AREA METHOD : ( 2 MARKS )

This method is also known as square area method. In this method the area of the
structure at the plinth level is calculated omitting any projection at the plinth level. This
area is multiplied by the plinth area rate arrived by studying similar types of buildings in
the same locality.
This gives the total approximate estimate cost of the building.

CARPET AREA METHOD : ( 2 MARKS )

Carpet area is the useful or the liveable area. For residential building the carpet area is
the liveable area and should exclude the kitchen, pantry, stores and similar other rooms
which are not used for living purposes.

Carpet area of an office building may be 60% to 70% of the plinth area of the building
with a target of 75%

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 SPECIFICATION : ( 2 MARKS )
Specification specifies the nature and class of work, materials to be used, workmanship
etc. it is very important for the execution of any work. The cost of a work depends much
on the specifications

Types of specifications
i) Brief
ii) Detailed

Detailed specification are further classified into

i) General provision
ii) Technical provision
iii) Standard specifications

SPECIFICATION FOR FOUNDATION & PLINTH ( 2 MARKS )

FOR A FIRST CLASS BUILDING

Foundation and plinth shall be of I class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:6 cement
mortar over lime concrete or 1:4:8 concrete.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR A FIRST CLASS BUILDING : ( 14 MARKS )

Foundation & plinth :
It shall be of I class brickwork in lime mortar or 1:6 cement mortar over lime concrete or
1:4:8 cement concrete.
Damp proof course :
It shall be 2.5cm (1”)thick cement concrete 1:1½:3, mixed with 1 kg of impermo per bag
of cement or other standard water proofing materials as specified and painted with two
coats of bitumen.
Superstructure :
It shall be of I class brickwork with lime mortar or 1:6 cement mortar. Lintels over doors
and windows shall be of RCC
Roofing :
Roof shall be of RCC slab with an insulation layer and lime concrete terracing above,
supported over joists or RCC beams as required. Height of rooms shall not be less than
3.7m (12 feet)
Flooring :
Drawing and dining room floors shall be of mosaic (terrazzo). Bathroom and WC floors
and dado shall be of mosaic(terrazzo). Floors of bedrooms shall be coloured and polished
of 2.5cm (1”)cement concrete over 7.5cm(3”)lime concrete. Floors of other rooms shall
be of2.5cm(1”) cement concrete over 7.5cm (3”) lime concrete polished’
Finishing :
Inside & outside walls shall be of 12mm(1/2”) cement lime plastered 1:1:6. Drawing,
dining and bedrooms inside shall be distempered and others inside white washed 3
coats. Outside shall be coloured snowcem washed 2 coats over one coat of white wash.
Doors & windows :

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 Door frames shall be of seasoned teak wood. Shutters shall be teak wood 4.3cm(1¾”)
thick paneled glazed or partly paneled and partly glazed as required, with additional wire
gauge shutters. All fittings shall be of brass. Doors and windows shall be varnished or
painted 2 coats with high class enamel paint over one coat of priming. Windows shall be
provided with iron gratings or grills.
Miscellaneous :
Rain water pipes of cast iron or of asbestos cement shall be provided and finished
painted. Building shall be provided with 1st class sanitary and water fittings and electrical
installations. 1 metre wide 7.5cm thick CC 1:3:6 apron shall be provided all round the
building.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF BRICK WORK : ( 14 MARKS )

All bricks shall be of first class of standard specifications made of good brick earth
thoroughly burnt, and of uniform colour and shape, edges should be sharp, free from
cracks, chips, flaws and lumps. Bricks shall not absorb water more than one sixth of their
weight after one hour of soaking by immersion in water. It shall have a minimum
crsushing strength of 105 kg per sq.cm
Mortar :
For cement mortar, fresh Portland cement to be used, sand shall be sharp, clean and free
from organic substances, proportion may be of 1:3 or 1:6 as specified, fresh mixed
mortar shall be used, stale mortar shall not be used.
Soaking of brick :
Bricks shall be fully soaked in clean water by submerging in a tank for a period of 12
hours immediately before use. Soaking shall be continued till air bubbles are ceased.
Laying of bricks :
Bricks shall be well bonded, every course shall be truly horizontal and wall shall be truly
in plumb. No damaged or broken bricks shall be used. Mortar joints shall not exceed
6mm(1/4”) in thickness and joints shall be fully filled with mortar. Brickwork shall be
carried out no more than 1m (3ft) height at a time.
Curing :
The brickwork shall be kept wet for a period of atleast 10 days after laying. At the end of
days work the tops of walls shall be flooded with water by making small weak mortar
edging to contain atleast 2.5cm (1”) deep water.
Scaffolding :
Necessary and suitable scaffolding shall be provided to facilitate the construction of brick
wall. Scaffolding shall be sound and strong and supports and members sufficiently strong
so as to withstand all loads likely to come up on them
Measurement :
Brickwork shall be measured in Cu.m of Cft

DETAILED SPECIFICATION OF RCC IN ROOF SLAB : ( 14 MARKS )

Steel :
Steel reinforcing bars shall be of mild steel or deformed steel of standard specifications
It shall be free from corrosion, rust oil, grease,paint etc. the steel bar shall be round and
capable of being bent without fracture. While concreting steel bars shall be given side
and bottom covers of concrete by placing precast cover blocks underneath of 1:2 cement

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 mortar. During the laying and compacting of concrete, the reinforcing bars should not
move from their positions and the bars of the laid proportion should not be disturbed.
Centering shuttering:
It shall be made with timber or steel plate close and tight to prevent leakage of mortar,
with necessary props, bracings and wedges. The centering and shuttering should not be
removed before 14 days in general( 4 days for RCC columns, 10 days for roof slab, 14
days for beams)

Proportion of cement concrete :

Cement concrete shall be of 1:2:4 proportion by volume for slabs, beams and lintels, and
1:1 ½:3 proportion for columns unless otherwise specified.
Concrete :
Concreting to be avoided in the winters if temperature is below 4 deg. Concrete shall be
compacted by mechanical vibrating machine until a dense concrete is obtained. After
removal of form work, the concrete surface shall be free from honey combing, air holes
or any other defect
Curing :
The brickwork shall be kept wet for a period of atleast 10 days after laying. At the end of
days work the tops of walls shall be flooded with water by making small weak mortar
edging to contain atleast 2.5cm (1”) deep water.
Measurement :
Measurement shall be taken in Cu.ft for the finished work and no deduction shall be
made for the volume of steel. Steel reinforcement shall be measured under a separate
item in quintal (cwt). The rate for RCC work shall be for the complete work excluding
steel but including centering and shuttering and all tools and plants.

DETAILED SPECIFICATION FOR VARNISHING & PAINTING : ( 14 MARKS )

Painting:
The brand of the paint shall be specified and ready made paint of the required color
should be used. If thinning is required, pure turpentine may be added to the required
extent. The surface shall be made perfectly smooth by rubbing with sandpaper of
different grades, first with coarse one and then with the fine sand papers.
All holes and open joints should be filled with strong putty or with a mixture of glue and
plaster of paris, smoothened by rubbing with sandpaper.
The number of coats shall be as specified, such as one priming coat and two coats of
paint. No brush marks should be visible. Brushes should be clean and washed with
turpentine at the end of the days work and kept dry.
The measurement shall be made on the basis of sq.ft or sq.m of the completed work.
Varnishing:
Knots, holes, cracks etc shall be filled and covered with putty made of whiting and linseed
oil. The woodwork shall be rubbed with sandpapaer to remove any grain. The varnish
shall be applied with strong strokes of brushes to spread evenly. For new woodwork a
second coat shall be applied after the first coat of varnish has been completely dried up.
It shall be done during dry weather and should not be allowed to be undertaken in rainy
days.

RATE ANALYSIS OF RCC SLAB OF RATIO 1:2:4 ( 14 MARKS )

(For a volume of 10 Cu.m)

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MATERIALS QTY RATE AMOUNT

Stone Ballast 20mm gauge 8.80 Cu.m 500/Cu.m 4400.00

Sand (coarse) 4.40 Cu.m 500/Cu.m 2200.00
Cement (66 bags) 2.20 Cu.m 3970/Cu.m 8734.00
Steel, mild steel bars@ 1% 7.85 Qu 1450/Q 11382.50
Binding wire 1.50 kgs 20/kgs 30.00

LABOUR

Mistri (Head mason) ½ no 100/day 50.00

Mason 3 nos 90/day 270.00
Mazdoor 12 nos 50/day 600.00
Boy or woman coolie 20 nos 40/day 800.00
Bhishti (incl curing) 6 nos 50/day 300.00
Sundries, tools & plants LSS 35.00 LSS 35.00

Bending,Cranking and
binding steel
Bars in position
Blacksmith (II class) 8 nos 80/day 640.00
Mazdoor 8 nos 50/day 400.00
Tools & plants LSS 15.00 LSS 15.00

Centering and shuttering

(both erection & dismantling)
Timber planks & ballies LSS 450.00 LSS 450.00
Carpenter (II class) 10 nos 80/day 800.00
Mazdoor 10 nos 50/day 500.00
Nails LSS 60.00 LSS 60.00
Tools & plants LSS 15.00 LSS 15.00

TOTAL 31681.50
Add 1 ½ water charges 475.00
Add 10% contractor’s profit 3168.15

Grand total 35324.87

Rate per Cu.m = 35324.87 / 10 = Rs.3532.50

RATE ANALYSIS OF CEMENT MORTAR OF RATIO 1:3 ( 14 MARKS )

For an area of 100 Sq.m

Materials QTY RATE AMOUNT

Cement (23.4 bags) 0.78 Cu.m 3970/Cu.m 3096.60
Sand coarse 2.34 Cu.m 500/Cu.m 1170.00
Cement for surface finishing 0.20 Cu.m 3970/Cu.m 794.00
(6 bags)

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Labour
Mason 3 nos 90/day 270.00
Mazdoor 12 nos 50/day 600.00
Boy coolie 20 nos 40/day 800.00
Bhishti (waterman) 6 nos 50/day 300.00
Sundries, T & P LSS 35.00 LSS 35.00

TOTAL 7065.00
Add 1 ½ % water charges 105.98
Add 10% Contractor’s profit 706.50

GRAND TOTAL 7877.50

Rate per sq.m = 7877.50 / 100 = Rs.78.80

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