TUTORIAL: MAJOR LOSSES

1. Water is flowing with velocity 2.36 m/s in a 50 mm diameter new cast iron straight pipe.
Determine the flow rate and the friction factor by using:
(a) formula,
(b) Moody diagram
(Ans.: 4.634 liter/s, 0.0082)

2. Benzene is flowing in a straight 80 mm diameter uPVC pipe with velocity is 3.33 m/s. Determine
the flow rate and the friction factor using:
(a) formula,
(b) Moody diagram,
(Ans.: 16.738 liter/s, 0.004)

3. Water is flowing with flow rate 1680 liter/minute in a 120 mm diameter smooth pipe. Determine
the friction factor using:
(a) formula,
(b) Moody diagram,
(Ans.: 0.0036)

4. Water is flowing with velocity 2.62 m/s is a straight 150 mm diameter concrete lining centrifugally
spun pipe. The pipe length in consideration is 355 m. Determine the flow rate, the friction factor
and the head loss.
(Ans.: 46.299 liter/s, 0.0051, 16.89 m)

5. Gasoline is flowing in a straight 25 mm diameter galvanized pipe of length 88m. The flow velocity
is 1.86 m/s. Determine the friction head loss.
(Ans.: 24.82 m)

6. Water of temperature 30o is flowing with flow rate 0.055 liters/s in a straight 50mm diameter
uPVC pipe of length 450. Determine the head loss for this length by using:
(a) Darcy Weisbach formula, and
(b) Hazen-William's formula.
(Ans.: 13.15 mm, 11.97 mm)

7. Water is flowing with flow rate 5 liter/s in a straight 50 mm diameter galvanized iron pipe as
shown in the figure. Determine the pressure difference between point A and B by using:
(a) Darcy-Weisbach formula, and
(b) Hazen-William's formula.
(c) Sketch the HGL and the EGL.
(Ans.: 835.5 kPa, 793.0 kPa)
8. Water is flowing with flow rate 28 liter/s in a straight 100 mm diameter concrete lining
centrifugally spun pipe as shown in the figure. The pipe length between the pressure gauges is 80
m. Determine the pressure gauge reading by using:
(a) Darcy-Weisbach formula, and
(b) Hazen-William's formula.
(c) Sketch the HGL and the EGL.
(Ans.: 352.7 kPa, 396.8 kPa)

9. A 150 mm diameter new coal tar enamel coated steel pipe is installed with a submergible water
pump as shown in the figure. Water is pumped with designed flow velocity of 2.6 m/s. Determine
the required pump head and pump power by using:
(a) Darcy-Weisbach formula, and
(b) Hazen-Williams formula.
(c) Sketch the HGL and EGL.
(Ans.: 105.19 m, 47.36 kW, 108.96 m, 49.06 kW)
10. Water is flowing with flow rate 18 liter/s in a horizontally installed 80mm diameter straight HDPE
pipe. By using
a) Darcy-Weisbach formula, and
b) Hazen-Williams formula, determine the slope of both the energy grade line and the hydraulic
gradeline. Sketch both line.
(Ans.: 1:7.463, 1:8.227)

11. Water is flowing in a straight 200 mm diameter new cast iron pipe as shown in the figure. By using
(a) Darcy Weisbach formula and
(b) Hazen William's formula,
Determine the slope of both the energy grade line and hydraulic grade line. Sketch both lines.
(Ans.: DW: 1/27.76, HW: 1/32.74)

12. Water is flowing with designed velocity of 2.65 m/s in a 150 mm diameter pipe as shown in the
figure. Determine
(a) the friction factor,
(b) the pipe roughness, and
(c) the Hazen William's coefficient.
(Ans.: 0.00478, ~ 0.105, 131)
13. Water is flowing with flow rate 22 liter/s in a straight 100 mm diameter ductile iron pipe as shown
in the figure. Determine the required pipe length using:
(a) Darcy Weisbach formula,
(b) Hazen William's formula.
(c) Sketch the EGL and HGL.
(Ans.: DW: 76 m, HW: 79 m)

14. Water is flowing in a straight 25 mm galvanized iron pipe as shown in the figure. Determine the
flow rate and the pressure gauge reading using:
(a) Darcy Weisbach formula,
(b) Hazen William's formula.
(c) Sketch the EGL and the HGL.
(Ans.: 1.34 liter/s, 255.2 kPa, 159 kPa)

15. Oil of specific gravity 0.85 and dynamic viscosity 7.14 x 10-3 Pa.s flows in a 40mm diameter straight
HDPE. The pipe is placed horizontally. The pressure difference between two points 80 m apart is
100 kPa. By using Darcy Weisbach and Hazen William's formula, determine the flow rate.
(Ans.: DW: 2.44 liter/s, 3.26 liter/s)
16. Water is flowing in the straight 100mm diameter coated cast iron as shown in the figure. Due to
continous supply, the water level of the reservoir remains constant at all time. By using Darcy
Weisbach and Hazen William’s formula of head loss, determine the flow rate in the pipe.
(Ans.: DW:1786.2 liters/min, HW: 2144.4 liter/min)

17. Water is flowing in a straight, coated cast iron pipe as shown in the figure of Problem 16. The flow
velocity is designed to be 5.58 m/s. By using Darcy Weisbach and Hazen William's formula,
determine the pipe diameter and the flow rate.
(Ans.: DW: 192 mm, 161.56 liter/s; HW: 140 mm, 85.9 liter/s)

18. Water is flowing in a straight 150 mm diameter, high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe installed
horizontally as shown in the figure. The water level in the reservoir remains constant. By using
Darcy Weisbach and Hazen William's formula, determine the flow rate in the pipe.
(Ans.: DW: 82.12 liter/s, HW: 86.11 liter/s)

19. Water is flowing in a straight high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe as shown in figure. The flow
velocity is design to be 2.85 m/s. The water level remains constant. By using Darcy Weisbach and
Hazen William's formula, determine the pipe diameter and the discharge.
Ans.: DW: 74 mm, 12.26 liter/s; HW: 67 mm, 10.05 liter/s)
20. Water is flowing in a straight 100 mm diameter concrete lining centrifugally spun pipe as shown
in the figure. The difference between the two gauge readings is 185 kPa. By using Darcy Weisbach
and Hazen William's formula, determine the Row rate.
(Ans.: 15.81 liter/s, 17.68 liter/s)

21. Water is flowing in a straight concrete lining centrifugally spun pipe as shown in the figure in
Problem 20. The difference between the two gauge readings is 185 kPa. The flow rate is designed
to be 30 liter/s. By using Darcy Weisbach and Hazen William's formula, determine the pipe
diameter.
(Ans.: 228 mm, 123 mm)

22. Water is pumped through a straight mild steel (MS) pipe (e = 0.15 mm C = 130) as shown in the
figure. The flow velocity is designed to be 3 m/s. The pipe length from the pump to the pressure
gauge is 250 m. The submergible pump power is 100 kW. By using Darcy Weisbach and Hazen
William's formula, determine the required pipe diameter.
(Ans.: 310 mm, 311 mm)
23. Water is flowing with velocity 2.8 m/s in an 80 mm diameter half opened gate valve. Determine
the head loss through this valve.
(Ans.: 2.398 m)

24. Water is flowing with velocity 2.2 m/s in 50 m diameter 900 close radius bend. Determine the head
loss through the bend.
(Ans.: 185 mm)

25. Water is flowing with flow rate 16 liter/s in a 70 mm diameter butterfly valve. Determine the head
loss through this valve.
(Ans.: 0.264 m)

26. Water is flowing with flow rate 40 liter/s in a sudden contraction pipe. The diameter of the larger
and the smaller pipe are 200 mm and 100 mm respectively. Determine the head loss through this
contraction.
(Ans.: 0.463 m)

27. Water is flowing with flow rate 50 liter/s in a sudden enlargement pipe. The diameter of the larger
and the smaller pipe are 200 m and 150 mm respectively. Determine the head loss through the
enlargement.
(Ans.: 81.6 mm)

28. The actual pipe length of diameter 800 mm is 66 m. Along the pipe there are two 90° elbows, one
globe valve and one 90 long radius bend. Determine the equivalent and the effective pipe length.
(Ans.: 43.232 m, 109.232 m)

29. Water is flowing with flow rate 28 liter/s in a 100 mm diameter concrete lining centrifugally spun
pipe as shown in the figure. The pipe length between the pressure gauges is 180 m. Determine
the pressure gauge reading by using the following method:
(a) Darcy Weisbach formula with loss coefficient method,
(b) Darcy Weisbach formula with effective length method,
(c) Hazen William's formula with loss coefficient method, and
(d) Hazen William's formula with effective length method.
(Ans.: 237.14 kPa, 224.4 kPa 336.4 kPa, 352.9 kPa)