Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Mitigation Measures
Evaluation for Concrete
Faced Rockfill Dams
Juan E. Quiroz
Mehdi Modares
REC Conference - IIT
INTRODUCTION 2
Zones 1A and 1B protect the upstream concrete faces - usually cohesionless silt or fine sand.
Zone 2 support the concrete faces - processed granular materials.
Zones 3, 4, etc. are quarry rockfill zones.
Zone 3A limits the void size.
Zone 3B resists water pressure and controls face deflection.
Zone 3C is composed by larger rocks.
CFRD’s & FAILURES 5
CURRENT PRACTICE
CURRENT PRACTICE 14
Empirical approaches relate the ratio Et/Ev with valley shape factor A/h2
(Pinto and Marquez 1998).
CURRENT PRACTICE 18
Structural analyses for estimating and comparing the slab stresses and the
effectiveness of mitigation measures.
20
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY 21
Foundation stiffness
No Yes
significantly larger than
rockfill
No foundation required
No stiffness Yes
significantly larger
Define base boundary conditions
Define interface properties
(e.g. Fixed, rollers, springs)
& rigid surface
No Yes
Material Calibration
Perform mesh sensitivity Interface YES
NO Validation:
Settlements from model YES
match measurements
Behavior Improvements
Setup 3D FE model
Define slab thickness, joint locations & contact Consider mitigation measures and
behavior improvements to design:
END
METHODOLOGY 23
Implement stage sequence on FE Previous designs evaluation
model
Precedent cases & experience
Foundation stiffness
No Yes
significantly larger than
rockfill
Setup 3D FE model
Material Calibration
NO (during construction) New CFRD design?
YES
NO (during construction)
NO Validation:
Settlements from model YES
match measurements
Validation:
NO
Evaluate results & behavior for:
model match
measurements
Include concrete facing stages &
Contact interfaces in model
Behavior Improvements
Define slab thickness, joint locations & contact Consider mitigation measures and
behavior improvements to design:
Valley geometry
- Slabs thickness & detailing
- Construction staging improvements
Run FE model with slabs to EOC & FSL
END
METHODOLOGY 24
Previous designs evaluation
Precedent cases & experience
No foundation required
Behavior Improvements
Include foundation block
Perform mesh sensitivity Foundation
No Interface Yes
Define slab thickness, joint locations & Define base boundary conditions
(e.g. Fixed, rollers, springs)
Define interface properties
& rigid surface
- Interfaces
Run FE model with slabs to EOC & FSL
Evaluate material zones & properties
Material Calibration
improvements New CFRD design?
YES
NO (during construction)
Slab stresses
NO Validation:
Settlements from model YES
Yes No
match measurements
acceptable?
Compare with previous dams
Behavior Improvements
Define slab thickness, joint locations & contact Consider mitigation measures and
behavior improvements to design:
END
CFRD's
END
ADVANTAGES 25
The ability to investigate different scenarios, for new designs and during–
construction dams.
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE
KÁRAHNJÚKAR CFRD 27
LOCATION
Iceland
NUMERICAL EXAMPLE 28
Rendering FE Model
35
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
36
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
37
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
38
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
39
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
40
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
41
STAGING
Rendering FE Model
FINAL CONFIGURATION 42
Rendering FE Model
DURING CONSTRUCTION DETAIL 43
CONTACT FORMULATION 44
Settlement Gauges:
Hydraulic settlement gauges were installed for monitoring settlement of the
embankment fill and face slabs. The settlement gauges measure vertical
settlement of the fill below the installation elevation.
Strain Meters:
Strain meters were installed to monitor stresses and strains in the concrete face
slabs of the CFRD.
CALIBRATION 51
52
RESULTS
ROCKFILL SETTLEMENTS 53
SETTLEMENT 54
MEASURED vs COMPUTED
ARCHING STRESSES 55
INCREMENTAL SETTLEMENT 56
DURING IMPOUNDMENT
Face Slab Deflection 57
DEFORMED SLAB MAGNIFIED x80 58
INCREMENTAL STRESSES 59
Addition of an asphalt layer material to partially reduce the friction between slabs
and rockfill.
Increase of central slab thicknesses by 10cm at the central portion of the slabs.
MITIGATION MEASURES 61
THANK YOU