Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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CbisHgrccmcnt
:_ in the year Nineteen Hundred and
made the _ _ day of
,
_ _
by and between
\ClltTIC89Ctn, that the Contractor and the Owner for the considerations
hereinafter named agree as follows:
/IftlClC 1 , The Contractor agrees to provide all the materials and to perform all
the work shown on the Drawings and described in the Specifications entitled
(fWit fm<rt tlM upturn dncriptfw of th. work u ux4 In H prapoMl, 8tx.iric.rtcm.. Coml ConMHow and uiwn fte Dnw(nh)
prepared by
Hrt iclc 1, The Contractor agrees to complete the work by and at the following
time or times, to wit:
after, Sundays and legal holidays not included, that the work remains uncompleted.
3* The Owner agrees to pay the Contractor in current finds for the
performance of the Contract
,_..($! ) subject
5. The Contractor and the Owner agree that the Drawings with all
notes now thereon, the Specifications and the General Conditions of the Contract are,
together with this Agreement, the Documents forming the Contract, and that the said
Drawings, Specifications and General Conditions are as fully a part of the Contract as
if hereto attached or herein repeated; and that should the Contractor and the Owner fail
to sign them the identification of them by the Architect shall be binding on both parties.
The Contractor and the Owner for themselves, their successors, executors,
administrators and assigns, hereby agree that they will in all ways be bound by the
Documents forming the Contract, and that they will abide by and will promptly
and fully carry out all decisions given thereunder, and that they will fully perform
all of the convcnants and agreements therein contained, in witness whereof they
have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day and year first above written.
In prtMtttt of
[ (8aJ)
(Seal)
CM* Hgrctment is not intended to diminish the us* of the Uniform Contract, the publication of
which is continued by the Hmcrican Institute of Hrchittcts and the National Hssoeiation of Builders.
Chis Hgreement is issued in two styles, identical in wording: One, Style H, is intended for carbon
duplication, the other, Style B, is intended for reproduction by blue printing. Chis is Style IV.
Chis form copyrighted 191 1 by the Hmerican Institute of Architects, Che Octagon, Olashington, D. C.
Sole Licensee for publication, 6. O. SoUmamt, Drawing Materials, i JJ-HO W. 9 th 8t, New To*.
very much alike. Of course, in the eyes of the courts the whole
idea of a contract is that it binds both parties impartially.
Therefore the courts always try to find out the true intent and
meaning of the document.
152 SUCCESSFUL HOUSES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM
extra work/' the courts hold that the owner is liable for a rea-
sonable price for the work. It is best practice, however, to
give a written order for all extra work, and then there is less
_ and
hereinafter catiedte
- - ($ )
for the payment whereof the Principal and the Surety or Sureties bind themselves,
their heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns, jointly and severally,
and at the end of the document are the date, with the " sealed"
and witnessed signatures of the contractor (Principal) and his
Sureties. In effect, the bond states that if the contractor faith-
Jfow, therefore, the Condition of this Obligation is such that if the Principal
perform the Contract on his part, and satisfy all claims and demands
shall faithfully
incurred for the same, and fully indemnify and save harmless the Owner from all
cost and damage which he may suffer by reason of failure so to do, and shall fully
reimburse and repay the Owner all outlay and expense which the Owner may
incur in making good any such default, then this obligation shall be null and void;
otherwise it shall remain in full force and effect.
Hnd provided, that any alterations which may be made in the terms of the
Contract, or in the work to be done under it, or the giving by the Owner of any
extension of time for the performance of the Contract, or any other forbearance on
the part of either the Owner or the Principal to the other shall not in any way
release the Principal and the Surety or Sureties, or either or any of them, their heirs,
executors, administrators, successors or assigns from their liability hereunder, notice
to the Surety or Sureties of any such alteration, extension or forbearance being
hereby waived.
In presence of
^ ___ g<ai
- - Stal
Seal
- Seal
CMs form eopyrfcMwl 19 1 1 by HM Hmmean XnsHtutt of HrtMttrt* Ch Octagon, Washington, D. C.
8oU UctnMt for publication, 6. 6. SoUnutm, Drawing Materials. is4-H W. *9tb 9t, J1f Twh.
After the contract for the new house is let and the contractor
isready to proceed with the work, it is necessary to take out a
Building Permit. If the contract is let to a general contractor
it is his duty to take out this permit, otherwise the mason con-
tractor usually pays for and obtains it from the proper town or
city officials. The permit states in a general way the character
of the work and cost of the building, the fee required for the
document being, usually, a certain percentage of the cost of
the house. Special permits for remodeling an old house must
also be obtained in most towns. Other permits frequently re-
quired are the plumbing permit and electric permit. In large
cities many more are required, such as permits for light and
State of Illinois,
Count?
u
for the building . known as Number .5..
WAIVER OF LIEN.
might put a lien on the house, thus preventing the owner from
entering into complete ownership until the lumber company's bill
is paid. Now, if the contractor hasn't money enough to pay off
the amount of this lien, the owner will have to pay it out of his
A CHAPTER ON LEGAL DOCUMENTS 157
To
Tnis is to certify tqat according to agreerqent bearing date of 19
entitled to receive_^_# of
si Dollars,
i7~j cr w>nicn is tne value incorporated, since tn.e last
|
flrnount of contract
U tl
Q a;
"
Amount of paynqent
U $ 19
Received frnrg
Signature
_
DWELL1NG HOUSE FORM
and Additions adjoining and communicating, including Foundations, Plumbing and stationary Heating
Apparatus, Plate, Stained and Ornamental Glass, Fresco Work, Wall Decorations, Gas and Electric Light
Fixtures and Wiring, Electric Bell Apparatus, fixed Mirrors, Book Cases, Sideboards, and all furniture set
or built in walls Porches, Verandas, Window, and Door Screens, Shades, Awnings, Storm Doors and
;
Windows, and all other permanent fixtures attached thereto and a part of said premises, or contained
therein, including fences and sidewalks, situate
Permission for other insurance, and to make additions, alterations and repairs, same being covered under this policy.
Permission given to use kerosene, gas and electricity for fuel and lighting purposes, and to remain vacant and
unoccupied pending rental and tenancy changes and during absence of assured or tenants.
Permission is hereby given for the use of GASOLINE OR VAPOR STOVES in the building described in this policy, but
only under the following restrictions and conditions, to be observed by the assured, viz.: That at no time shall there be to
exceed one gallon of NAPHTHA, GASOLINE OR BENZINE for each occupant (except that in the stove reservoir within said
building or additions), and that kept in an approved metal safety can, free from leak and away from artificial liyht or heat.
The stove reservoir to be filled and the Gasoline (or fluid under whatever name) handled by daylight only, and not in the
same room or room adjoining (having open communication) where, or while any fire, blaze or artificial light or llame of any
---
kind is burning.
Permission is hereby given for the use of Kerosene Oil and for the keeping of not to exceed one barrel of Kerosene
Oil on the premises.
This policy shall cover any direct loss or damage caused by Lightning (meaning thereby the commonly accepted use of
the term/Lightning, and in no case to include loss or damage by cyclone, tornado or windstorm), and not exceeding the sum
insurecCnor the interest of the insured in the property, and subject in all other respects to the te, 's and conditions of this
policy. Provided, however, if there shall be any other fire insurance on said property this Company shall be liable only
rata with such other insurance for any direct loss by Lightning, whether such other insurance be against direct loss by
pro
Lightning or not.
It is understood that the word noon in the commencement and expiration of this policy means the noon of "Central
Standard Time."
(by locating the cellar bottom 18 inches or 2 feet above the sewer
l
Quicksand, /% ton per square foot.
EXCAVATION AND FOUNDATIONS 165
designed.
Footings are usually composed of concrete, large flat stones,
or stepped-up brick. The following table shows sizes of various,
footings suitable for good, firm soil
- :
166 SUCCESSFUL HOUSES 'AND HOW TO BUILD THEM
SIZES OF FOOTINGS
TlLE
ever, that heating mains in the base-
ment are sloped to allow them to drain back to the boiler,
so an extra allowance of height may be necessary in large
houses where pipe lines are long, in order to secure head room
under them. On the other hand, in small houses, 7 feet is
frequently decreased to 6 feet or 6 feet 6 inches in the clear,
under girders. Do not make the mistake of getting basement
head room too low, however, for it is a great annoyance to walk
about the cellar in constant danger of bumping one's head on a
girder or pipe. Furnace pipes require a greater depth of cellar
than hot water and steam pipes.
Cellar windows should be ample in height and width. The
tendency in modern houses is to place the first floor as close to
the ground as possible, in order to diminish the number of steps
between grade and first floor. This is excellent in effect, as
will be noticed in so many of the charming little houses which,
them are used. Short windows can be made wider, or they can
be placed in groups of two or three, with the result that there is
the same total area of glass as with fewer windows, extra large.
For a house of ordinary size, cellar windows are most frequently
about 16 or 18 inches high, which admits of glass about 12 to
14 inches high. Windows can be placed directly under floor
joists, as the weight of the floor above can be kept off them by
using headers. It is best to keep the first floor as near the grade
as is practical.
After the cellar is dug and before the foundations are started,
some problem of drainage may be necessary to solve. If the
ground clay and water runs into the excavation, it may be
is
wall, lay a line of 3-inch or 4-inch agricultural tile just above the
footing course, outside the wall. These should be graded to
slope slightly to a low point, from which they lead into the
sewer or into a pit filled with broken stone (called "dry well")-
Thus, during a heavy rain, water outside the foundations runs
down reaches the open joints of the tile conduit, which
until it
deeper than required for the footings, filling the bottom with
broken stone. These trenches can be graded to a low point,
from which the water is led away to the sewer or dry well.
Cinders or broken stone filled in outside foundations for a
thickness of 4 to 8 inches often proves sufficient to carrf away
surface water, preventing it from entering the cellar. Where
soil is composed of sand or gravel (or a porous mixture of clay
top of this a water-tight sheet of tar felt mopped with pitch like
a composition roof is attached to the strip left sticking in the
footings. Then the layer of tarred felt applied to the outside
172 SUCCESSFUL HOUSES AND HOW TO BUILD THEM
SIDE, ONLY.
the forms in layers not more than 12
inches thick, for it is impossible to pack material down tightly
when it is too thick.
There is no better material for foundations than good, sound
stone, and it will be found as cheap in most localities as any
other material. Stone is so dense that when joints are properly
cemented the wall is quite waterproof. Except when soil is
unusually wet it will not be necessary to waterproof the outside
of such a wall, but tile or broken stone subsoil drains can be
used to prevent the excess of water from rising up through the
basement floor. Hard stone makes the best foundations, and
all stonework should be pointed both sides with cement mor-
I6-3TOME WALL
A well-built wall is solidly built with stone-
work. Prodding the joints of such a wall
with a stiff piece of wire, one finds
it impos-
good mixture.
All lime used for mortar should be fresh, and it must be kept
in a dry place to prevent air-slaking. Cement should also be
fresh, carefully stored away, free from danger of any possible
dampness. Sand should be sharp and clean (no loam or clay
mixed with it). Sand dug from a hillside is usually best, for
lake or river sand, though clean, is apt to be too smooth rough, ;
for the reason that bricks (made of clay) are inclined to grow
soft in a wet soil after a few years. This doesn't necessarily
mean that a house is insecurely supported when on brick foun-
dations, for brick, even when slightly soft, would probably carry
the load. But soft brickwork is easily penetrated by dampness,
and after a few years brick walls are
12" BRICK WALl
apt to let moisture into the cellar.
In some sections of the country,
however, brick is cheap, stone or
MORE frame houses are built than any other kind, and it
isn't strange when one reflects that America is really a lumber
place.
The evolution of framework for houses is interesting, show-
ing as does man's inventive genius and his mastery over
it
need of it, so they felled trees lavishly, using for their houses
twice or thrice as much timber as was necessary or even
desirable.
First using roughly hewn logs, it quickly became the custom
to hew logs smooth in order to secure a better fit. Some
early settlers, it is scalps by wild animals
said, lost their
Sills were equally heavy and roofs were framed with heavy
purlins (much as churches are framed nowadays) supporting
rafters of large size. The framework of timbers was securely
braced by diagonal pieces, all being thoroughly tied together
by mortise and tenon joints pinned with wooden pins. Such
frames were marvels of strength and durability, and it is no
wonder that so many of the old houses are still standing as
sound as when first built.
It was the cheapness and convenience of timber that caused
these early American houses to be so heavily built. Forests
were plentiful, near at hand in most cases, and there was
no need to economize in the use of material. Steel and iron
nails had not come into the market, and large timbers were neces-
These corner posts are mortised into sill and plate. At fre-
quent intervals along the sides of the building similar 4 X 8-inch
posts are set up to strengthen the wall, and between these posts
ordinary 2 X 4-inch studs are spiked in place, supporting the
girt to which the second-floor joists
are secured. These girts (which
are really girders) extend horizon-
tally around the walls of the build-
ing under the second-floor
just
joistswhich they support. They
are framed into the corner posts
with mortise and tenon joints,
pinned with wooden pins or spiked.
To further brace the frame, wind
braces (as they are called) are cut
in diagonally from sill to post and
from girt, to post, and framed into
each. The is a skeleton
result
framework utmost strength,
of
These studs usually extend in one piece to the plate and they
are notched out just below the level of the second floor to re-
ceive a 1 X
4-inch ledger, which supports the second-floor joists.
At the corners of the building two 2 X 4-inch studs are spiked
weight (as they are the bottommost timbers), sills and girders
contract slightly, allowing the building to settle, though it may
be ever so little. Every floor joist also contracts slightly led- ;