ITCC 47

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
and DESIGN
 2ndQ of 2015, Facebook had 1.49 billion
MONTHLY active users
There are 300 HOURS of videos
uploaded in YouTube every minute

ONE BILLION WEBSITES IN THE INTERNET

(SEPTEMBER 2014)
40,765,637
sold tickets in USA for $121,897,634
Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) Ticket sales for HUNGER
GAMES Mockingjay Pt1 in
1 WEEK
 challenge to store the large
amount of information, retrieve
and manage this information in
timely manner
 OBJECTIVES
• Understand the fundamentals of database technology.
• Identify the different personnel involved in database
usage and interaction
• Understand the types, significance and various
applications of Database
DBMS
Introduction to Database Management System
NAMES GRADES
PRODUCTS
ID NUMBERS
LIKES
A database is a computer generated
software that can be used to access the
stored data in an organized manner.
IMAGES
CELLPHONE NUMBERS
TWEETS
OR NUMBER
 The job of DBMS system is to
hold the data, give a systematic
representation to it and also
provides ways for the data to be
modified or extracted by users or
other programs.
The primary goal of the database
system is to provide a convenient
and efficient way to store and
retrieve data stored in a
database.
A database is
designed and
built.
 DATA
A database is DATA
DATA
populated with
data for a specific
purpose
 A database is
stored in a
secure computer
system
 A database has an
intended group of
users and some
preconceived
applications in which
it is used and
maintained
 An example of a large commercial database is Amazon.com. It
contains data for over 20 million books, CDs, videos, DVDs, games,
electronics, apparel, and other items. The database occupies over 2
terabytes (a terabyte is 1012 bytes worth of storage) and is stored
on 200 different computers (called servers). About 15 million
visitors access Amazon.com each day and use the database to
make purchases. The database is continually updated as new
books and other items are added to the inventory and stock
quantities are updated as purchases are transacted. Hundreds of
people are responsible for keeping the Amazon database up-to-
date.
COMMON APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

TRANSPORTATION
Ticketing functions like Reservation,
Rebooking.
Flight schedules – incoming/outgoing
and cancellations.
COMMON APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

SALES
Transaction recording
Report productions
Sales Analysis
Inventory
COMMON APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

BANKING EDUCATION LAW

MORE APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

Scientific applications that store large

amounts of data resulting from scientific
experiments in areas such as high-energy
physics, the mapping of the human
genome, and the discovery of protein
structures.
MORE APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

Storage and retrieval of images, including

scanned news or personal photographs,
satellite photographic images, and
images from medical procedures such as
x-rays and MRIs (magnetic resonance
imaging).
MORE APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

Data mining applications that analyze

large amounts of data searching for the
occurrences of specific patterns or
relationships, and for identifying unusual
patterns in areas such as credit card
usage.
MORE APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

Spatial applications that store spatial

locations of data, such as weather
information, maps used in geographical
information systems, and in automobile
navigational systems.
MORE APPLICATIONS OF DBMS

Time series applications that store

information such as economic data at
regular points in time, such as daily sales
and monthly gross national product
figures.
Types of DBMS
 FILE BASED DBMS
TYPES OF DBMS

These come in human readable text formats as

well as in binary formats. These are ideal for
stand alone applications, holding software
configuration and native format storage
models.

Microsoft Excel and Spreadsheet files

 RELATIONAL DBMS
TYPES OF DBMS

Relational database management systems are the most

widely used database management systems today.
Relational database management systems are named
so because of the characteristic of normalizing the data
which is usually stored in tables. The relational model
relies on normalizing data within rows and columns in
tables.
RDBMS include Oracle, MS SQLServer, IBM DB2,
mySQL, SQLite and PostgreSQL
 OBJECT ORIENTED DBMS
TYPES OF DBMS

Object-oriented database management systems

borrow from the model of the Object-oriented
programming paradigm. In this database model, the
Object and its data or attributes are seen as one ad
accessed through pointers rather than stored in
relational table models.
Object Oriented DBMS include IBM DB4o and
DTS/S1 from Obsidian Dynamics.
Development of DBMS
Highlights of the Database Management System
development
 MANUAL
Data was stored as paper records.

1950
 INTEGRATED DATA STORE
In early 1960s, the first general purpose DBMS was
designed by Charles Bachman at General Electric, which
was later called as IDS (Integrated Data Store).

1960
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
In late 1960s, IBM developed the IMS (Information
Management System) which was then widely used by
that time.

1960
 SABRE
The SABRE system for making airline reservations
was jointly developed by American Airlines and
IBM around the same time, and it allowed several
people to access the same data through a
computer network. Today the same SABRE system
is used to power popular Web-based travel
services such as Travelocity

1960
 RELATIONAL DATA MODEL
The utilization of database escalates to the
commercial application by the use of Relational
Data Model. The benefit of Database application
widely recognized and the use of DBMS for
managing corporate data became standard
practice.

1970
 STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
IBM developed the SQL for relational databases
that was being widely used and became standard
in database management up to date.

1980
 OBJECT ORIENTED DBMS
The development of the Object Oriented Database
Management System.

1990
 DBMS become more advance in data
integration and manipulation that made
every transaction easier and faster. Thus,
DBMS became a necessity from being
luxury to every business.

the Modern DBMS

Advantages of DBMS
ADVANTAGES of DBMS

CONTROLLING REDUNDANCY
• Waste of storage place. Since duplicate data has been stored.
• Errors may be generated due to updating of the same data in
different files.
• Huge amount of time is needed to apply updates to all files
involved.
ADVANTAGES of DBMS

FLEXIBILITY
Since changes are often necessary to the contents of the data
stored in any system, these changes are made more easily in a
centralized database than in a conventional file system.
Application programs may need not to be changed when updating
data in the database.
ADVANTAGES of DBMS

DATA INTEGRITY & SECURITY

• Providing backup and recovery services.
• Restricting unauthorized access to data.
ADVANTAGES of DBMS

DATA HANDLING
• Sharing of data among multiple users.
• Providing backup and recovery services.
• Providing multiple interfaces to different classes of users.
• Availability of up-to-date information – very important for on-
line transaction systems such as airline, hotel, car reservations.
Players in DBMS
PLAYERS in DBMS

DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR (DBA)

DBA is responsible for authorizing access to the
database, coordinating and monitoring its use,
and acquiring software and hardware resources as
needed.
The DBA is accountable for problems such as
security breaches and poor system response time.
PLAYERS in DBMS

DATABASE DESIGNERS
Database designers are responsible for identifying the data to be
stored in the database and for choosing appropriate structures
to represent and store this data.

It is the responsibility of database designers to communicate with

all prospective database users in order to understand their
requirements and to create a design that meets these
requirements.
PLAYERS in DBMS

END USERS
End users are the people whose jobs require
access to the database for querying, updating,
and generating reports; the database primarily
exists for their use.
PLAYERS in DBMS

END USERS
End users are the people whose jobs require
access to the database for querying, updating,
and generating reports; the database primarily
exists for their use.
PLAYERS in DBMS
SYSTEM ANALYST
System analysts determine the requirements of end users and
develop specifications for standard canned transactions that
meet these requirements.

PROGRAMMERS
Implements specifications (created by the System Analyst) to
programs; then they test, debug, document, and maintain these
canned transactions. Such analysts and programmers.