Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2018 2 Prova PDF
2018 2 Prova PDF
034561789
4
4
44
6
65 2
8
4
!" #$%&
$' ()* #$%&
"%
+,-./012.314-567896,-1:6,;6763<.4=3.3>5.,,=3.?763.<4=3.89.<4-=3.?@5A,=3.71B
;604.6-6071;=4<.7=3.CD1;.,.,896,-:16,-<67176,71/6,1C
E4FG4H
IJKLMNOPQRSTRURMRVWXTXRNXYZOR[XMZPPZ\MR]X^PXZR_RTVRNX`MZP`aXYbcdQOXURYOeRTfZ_K
gQRXSQOXTfXNXZfYOfRQOTcXfOQRXTfYXRNOPQRXZP`aXYbcdQOXURYOeRTfZ_cXhKiROTPfZTfXOTOQOZ_
j]XYSV`YZZkZOlRmnZQRRYNXTZNZoNRQXTfYRNRNOPQRXPfc ZXMgnZ]X_RQONZNXNRPX`QXTfYR
NXMZPPZcXpq r sqtWXZ]X_RQONZNXZTV`_ZYNXYRfZuQZvRjXM fRYTRNRXOlRw`XaZPPZaX_R
QXTfYRXcXTRYMZ_ZRNOPQRmcXT`_ZKxyz{|}~|{|{zy{x }
y|}}||
|}z z}|XTw`ZTfRZQRRYNXTZNZoNRPX`QXTfYRaXYQRYYXRfYXQURNXgZfcXnZ
bRYuQZNXZfYOfRQOTcXfOQRZVXNXbRYMZZM`NZYfZTfRZ]X_RQONZNXNRQXTfYRNXMZPPZw`ZTfRZ
]X_RQONZNXZTV`_ZYNXYRfZQuvZRKRTPONXYXw`XRa_ZTRNRNOPQRPXMZTfcXMaZYZ_X_RZRa_ZTR
oXZZQX_XYZQuvZRNZVYZ]ONZNXcXrWK
jZmTNOw`XXPw`XMZfOQZMXTfXfRNZPZPbRYuQZPw`XZf`ZMPRkYXRNOPQRTRfYXQURgK
jkmXfXYMOTXRP }NZPZQX_XYZu
Qv
RXP_OTXZYXZTV`_ZYNRNOPQRXMfXYMRPNX[nhX
TRfYXQURgKgMRMXTfRNXOTcXYQOZN RNOPQRXMYX_ZuQZvRZRXOlRw`XaZPPZaX_RPX`QXTfYR
XcXTRYMZ_ZRa_ZTRNRNOPQRcXr\[ ¡K
jQmXfXYMOTXRP }NZP]X_RQONZNXP_OTXZYsXZTV`_ZY¢NRNOPQRaZYZRfYXQURg
QRMRb̀TuQRvXPNRfXMaRK
jNm£PQYX]ZZYX_ZQuvZRXTfYXRP}NZP]X_RQONZNXP_OTXZYsXZTV`_ZY¢NRNOPQRw`ZTNRX_X
aZPPZZYR_ZYPXMNXP_OeZYjaRTfRmK£MPXV`ONZnNXfXYMOTXROTPfZTfXNXfXMaR¤¥ XMw`XZ
QRRYNXTZNZoNRQXTfYRNRNOPQRZfOTVXRaRTfRK£laYXPPXP`ZYXPaRPfZXMfXYMRPNXsqnhXK
I¡KRTPONXYX`MZaZYfcdQ`_ZNXMZPPZ\w`XPXMR]OMXTfZTZP`aXYbcdQOXOTfXYTZNX`MQRTXQ`¦Z
aRTfZcXZRYOVXMNRPOPfXMZNXQRRYNXTZNZPXQ`¦RXOlRcXRPXMO^XOlR§¨©KXw`ZuQZvRNZ
P`aXYbcdQOXNRQRTXXMQRRYNXTZNZPQO_cdTNYOQZPjªn«X§mcX§rªKaZYfcdQ`_ZXPfc
ZPRkZZQuvZR
NRQZMaRVYZ]OfZQORTZ_rWK
jZm£PQYX]ZZ_ZVYZTVOZTZNZaZYfcdQ`_ZXMfXYMRPNXªn«n¬ ªX¬
«K
jkmXfXYMOTXZPXw`ZQuRvXPNXMR]OMXTfRNZaZYfcdQ`_ZK
jQmZ_Q`_XRpzMRMXTfRZTV`_ZYNZaZYfcdQ`_ZXMfXYMRPNZPQRRYNXTZNZPQO_cdTNYOQZPªn
«X§XNRP]XfRYXP`TOfZcYORPW ®nW̄XWKXfXYMOTXw`Z_QRMaRTXTfXNXcXQRTPXY]ZNZK
jNmaZYfOYNZPXw`ZQuvRXPNXMR]OMXTfRNXYO]ZNZPTROfXMjkmnMRPfYXw`XZaZYfcdQ`_ZaRNX
ZaYXPXTfZY`MZcRYkOfZQOYQ`_ZYNXYZORªqKXfXYMOTXZbYXw`WXTQOZZTV`_ZYNXPPZcRYkOfZXM
fXYMRPNXXªqK
I°KLMy}±{cX`MXPfZNR_OVZNRXTfYX`MX_cXfYRTjQZYVZ²XMZPPZ\³mX`MZTfO^X_cXfYRT
jaRcPOfYRTmKZa_OQZuQZvRNRMRNX_RNX´RUYaZYZXPfXPOPfXMZP`aRvXcRYkOfZPQ_cZPPOQZPQOYQ`_ZYXP
NRX_cXfYRTXNRac RPOfYRTK
jZmµ`aRTNRcRYkOfZPQOYQ`_ZYXPXfYZkZ_UZTNRTRYXbXYXTQOZ_NRQXTfYRNXMZPPZnQZ_Q`_XZXl^
aYXPPvZRQ_cZPPOQZNRMRMXTfRZTV`_ZY¶NRPOPfXMZXMb̀Tu QvZRNX²n\³n·qXZNOPfZWTQOZ[XTfYX
RX_cXfYRTXRaRcPOfYRTK
jkma_Ow`XZYXVYZNXw`ZTfOeZuQZvRNX´RUYZRaRPOfYWRTORXNXN`eZZXlaYXPPZvRaZYZRP]Z_RYXP
J
¸¹ º»¼½¾¿¾À¾ÁÁÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈÄÅÉÊÆËÈÌÈÃÄÅÃÇÅÍ ÄÆÎÈÌÇÅÏÊËÌÊÆËÄÅÃÄÆÇÈÄÃÊÐÄÑÆÁ
ºÒÂÓÇÔÒÕÔÊÇÅÊÖÊÆ×ÈÇÅÉÊÆËÈÌÈÃÇÅÉÊÔÇÆÊ×ÆÇÃÊÐÄÑÆع º»¼½¾¿¾À¾ÁÁÁÂÊËÊÔÍÊÌÆÄÖÙÚÄÔÌÅÁ
ºÃÂÓÄÖÅÈÃÊÆÊÇ×ÄÆÇÕËÇÌÆÇÖÅÈÛÒÇÜÄÃÄÉÆÈËÊÈÆÄÊÅÌÇÃÄÊÝÒÈÌÇÃĺ»¼¿ÂÉÇÆÇÄÊÅÌÇÃÄÞÕÖÃÇÙ
ËÊÖÌÇÔº»¼½ÂÃÄÉÄÅÈÌÆÄßÖÈĺÈÖÈÒÈÇÔËÊÖÌÊÊËÆÊÉÄÕÅÄÖÄÆÊÞÊÆÊÖÒÈÇÔÃÄÔÇÎÄÆÇÌÍÄÆÈÄÂÏÅÊ×ÕÈÃÇÃÇ
ÊËÈÅÅÇÜÄÃÊÕËÞÄÍÌÄÖÁÓÇÔÒÕÔÊÇÚÊÔÄÒÈÃÇÃÊÃÄÒÊÖÌÆÄÃÊËÇÅÅÇàáâ ÃÄÉÄÅÈÌÆß ÄÖÈÄÖÄÆÊÞÊÆÊÖÒÈÇÔ
ÃÄÔÇÎÄÆÇÌÍÄÆÈÄÇÉÍÄÅÇÌÆÇÖÅÈÒÛÜÇÄÁÓÄÖÅÈÃÊÆÊãÕÊàáâ ä åÊÃÊÅÉÆÊæÊÇÊÖÊÆ×ÈÇÒÈÖÍÊÌÈÒÇÃÊÆÊÒÕÄ
ÃÄÉÄÅÈÌÆßÄÖÈÄÊËÆÊÔÇÛ ÒÜÇÄç
ÇÊÖÊÆ×ÈÇÃÄÞÍÄÌÄÖÁ
èéÁÓÄÖÅÈÃÊÆÊÕËÅÈÅÌÊËÇãÕßÇÖÌÈÒÄÒÕêÄÊÅÉÇÛÒÄÃÊëÈÔÎÊÆÌÍÊ×ÊÆÇÃÄÉÄÆÕËÇìíîïðñòðóðñôíõ
ÃÊÀÊÅÌÇÃÄÅÏö½÷Ïö¿÷ÊöÀ÷ÏãÕÊÅÜÇÄÌÄÃÄÅÇÕÌÄÙÊÅÌÇÃÄÅÃÊ×ÊÖÊÆÇÃÄÅÃÊÕËÄÎÅÊÆÚÍ ÇÚÊÔøÒÄË
ÇÕÌÄÙÚÇÔÄÆÊÅÈ×ÕÇÈÅÇùÁúÇÌÕÇÛÒÜÇÄÃÄÑÇËÈÔÌÄÖÈÇÖÄû ÃÄÅÈÅÌÊËÇÖÄÅÊÅÌÇÃÄÅÃÇÎÇÅÊÍÊ
ûö½÷ ¼ üö½÷ýüöÀ÷¾
ûö¿÷ ¼ üö¿÷ýþöÀ÷¾
ûöÀ÷ ¼ üö½÷ýþö¿÷ýüöÀ÷¾
ÄÖÃÊüÊþÅÜÇÄÒÄÖÅÌÇÖÌÊÅÆÊÇÈÅÒÄËÃÈËÊÖÅÇÜÄÃÊÊÖÊÆ×ÈÇÁ
ºÇÂÿÅÒÆÊÚÇÇËÇÌÆÈæãÕÊÆÊÉÆÊÅÊÖÌÇû ÖÇÎÇÅÊÃÊÅÒÆÈÌÇÇÒÈËÇÁ
ºÎÂ0ÄÎÅÊÆÚÇÍÚÊÔøÉÄÃÊÅÊÆËÊÃÈÃÄÅÈËÕÔÌÇÖÊÇËÊÖÌÊÒÄËÇÊÖÊÆ×ÈÇ12ÕÅÌÈ3ãÕÊÅÕÇÆÊÅÉÄÅÌÇÁ
ºÒÂ4ÊÌÊÆËÈÖÊÄÅÇÕÌÄÙÚÇÔÄÆÊÅÊÇÕÌÄÙÚÊÌÄÆÊÅÃÄÑÇËÈÔÌÄÖÈÇÖÄÁ
ºÃÂ5ÄÈÖÅÌÇÖÌÊ6¼7ÏÄÅÈÅÌÊËÇÊÅÌÇÍÖÄÊÅÌÇÃÄ
ö8º6¼7Â÷¼ 9ü
þýþ
ö½÷ 9ü
üýþ
ö¿÷
ÿÖÒÄÖÌÆÊÄÊÅÌÇÃÄö8º6Â÷ÃÄÅÈÅÌÊËÇÉÇÆÇ6
7Á
èÁËÌÕÎÄÊËÞÄÆËÇÃʺ3×ÕÆÇçÇÊÅãÕÊÆÃÇÂÒÄËÅÊÛÒÜÇÄÌÆÇÖÅÚÊÆÅÇÔÃÊÍÇÆÊÇÃÊ¿7ÒË
ÊÉÇÆÊÃÊÅ
ÃÈÇÌÍÊÆËÈÒÇźÈÅÌÄÍÊÏã ÕÊÉÊÆËÈÌÊËÇÉÇÅÅÇ×ÊËÃÊÒÇÔÄÆÂÒÄÖÌÍÊËÍÇ×ÕǺÆÊ×ÈÜÇÄÒÈÖæÇÏÃÊÖÅÈÃÇÃÊ
Ãʽ¾7½7 ×Ë ÂÊÊÖÒÄÖÌÆÇ
ÙÅÊÇÎÊÆÌÄÊË ÅÕÇÅÊÝÌÆÊËÈÃÇÃÊÅç
ÇÉÆÊÅÅÜÇÄÇÌËÄÅÞÍÊÆÈÒÇÃÊ
ÇÉÆÄÝÈËÇÃÇËÊÖÌʽ¾7½7 5Ë ÊÇÕËÇÌÊËÉÊÆÇÌÕÆÇÃÊÀ¾7½7
ÏÒÄÖÞÄÆËÊÇ3×ÕÆÇÁ5Ç
ÊÝÌÆÊËÈÃÇÃÊÃÈÆÊÈÌÇÏÕËßÊËÎÄÔÄËÍ ÄÚÊÔÏÈËÉÊÆËÊÍÇÚÊÔÏÅÊËÇÌÆÈÌÄÒÄËÇÅÉÇÆÊÃÊÅÊÃÊÊÅÉÊÅÅÕÆÇ
ÊËÇÅÅÇÃÊÅÉÆÊæÍÚÊÈÅÍÊÇêÕÅÌÇÃÄóíîïñïðõðÁúÎÄÒÇÃÇÄÕÌÆÇÊÝÌÆÊËÈÃÇÃÊÍÊ
ÊÖÌÇÜÄÚÊÃÇÃÇÏÇÉÆÈÅÈÄÖÇÖÃÄÕËÇÒÄÔÕÖÇÃÊÇÆÃÊÇÔÌÕÆÇ !¼Ï7ÒËÁËÔÍãÕÈÃÄÃÊÖÅÄ"ºÆÊ×ÈÇÜÄ
ÉÆÊÌÇÂÍÊÈÖÌÆÄÃÕæÈÃÄÔÊÖÌÇËÊÖÌÊÅÄÎÆÊÄßÊËÎÄÔÄÏÊËÉÕÆÆÇÃÄÙÄÉÇÆÇÎÇÈÝÄÊÏÒÄÖÅÊãÕÊÖÌÊËÊÖÌÊÏ
ÒÄËÉÆÈËÈÖÃÄÄÇÆÒÄÖ3ÖÇÃÄÖÇÄÕÌÆÇÊÝÌÆÊËÈÃÇÃÊïô òïôïñíòñíðóîòíóòïº3×ÕÆÇç Ç
ÃÈÆÊÈÌÇÂÁèÕÇÖÃÄÇÇÔÌÕÆÇÃÇÒÄÔÕÖÇÃÄÔÍãÕÈÃÄ"ÍÊû ¼Ï7ÒËÏÇÇÔÌÕÆÇÃÇÒÄÔÕÖÇÃÊÇÆÖÇ
ÄÕÌÆÇÊÝÌÆÊËÈÃÇÃÊÍÊ # ¼éÏÒËÁ$ÕÉÄÖÑÇãÕÊÄÇÆÅÊÒÄËÉÄÆÌÊÒÄËÄÕË×ÇÍÅÈÃÊÇÔÁ
ºÇÂèÕÇÔÍÊÇÉÆÊÅÅÇÜÄÖÇÒÄÔÕÖÇÃÊÇÆÇÉÆÈÅÈÄÖÇÃÄÇÉÄÍÅÇÒÄËÉÆÊÅÅÇÜÄ1
ºÎÂèÕÇÔÞÄÈÄÌÆÇÎÇÔÑÄÆÊÇÔÈæÇÃÄÅÄÎÆÊÄÇÆÇÉÆÈÅÈÄÖÇÃÄ1
ºÒÂèÕÇÔÞÄÈÇãÕÇÖÌÈÃÇÃÊÃÊÒÇÔÄÆÌÆÄÒÇÃÇÊÖÌÆÊÄÇÆÇÉÆÈÅÈÄÖÇÃÄÊÄÇËÎÈÊÖÌÊ1
ºÃÂúÒÑÊÇÃÊÖÅÈÃÇÃÊÃÄÔÍãÕÈÃÄ"Á
¿
012
034561789
4
4
44
6
65 2
8
4
!" #$%&
$' ()*#$%&
"#
+,-./012.314-567896,-1:6,;66<6-017.=46->,71?763.@4>3.89.@4->3.?A5B,>3.71C
;604.6763. @4>3.6,-.-5B,->3.DE1;.,.,896,-:
16,-@67176,71/6,1D
F4GH4I
¡¢£¢¢¡¤¡
¥¦§¨©ª«¬««®¯¥°±²³¨´ª±µªµ¶·¸¸·¹³µº¨»¼½´¨©µ¦¦²ª°¼¾¾²¿ªÀÁ ³µº¨°«
JKLMNOPQRSTSNUQTUVQWü NTªµ© SXTSP²SµOÄW½ YµRŪ
NO ¿µYZ¦°Æ½ [V°T°Y½L\
²¦Å OQU½¦QY¨]¯©
^S²O¦WS°_NU
½°ª½¦»² YXYǵÅ
UQWNTS²¦P»° WỲRª¿SµP½
U»Y±TTª³½
S[YR¿¨²
NLaN Ç¿µ´½¼°È¯
QOPWYOWSbcdYUe°Y¼f¿Sg ¿²¼h¦S̀i ´¨S´É
UeYʵ©RYLÊŽ¦´¿½©µÅ©²¦´¼©ª½¦»°±¨µª±²Ç¿µ´½¼°ËÌͽ»«¬«ÎÏЯѷÒÓµ´Æ½ª
Ʋ´¨°³½ª±ÔÕÖ×µ¦´ØÕÖ׫¥¦ª±½°©µ°¨ÂµÄ³¨ÅÅÙ°¨Ú¼µª½²¦°ÌÁÚ«¬«®Û¬Ð
ʽ¨Ǻ
nop ÜÖÝÞß Ì¬«®¬àÐ
Ì°²ª±¨³µº¨°ª¿µº¨Åµª°¾¨¨´ß¯µ¦´µ¿q¨¦ sp²¦´½ °¾¨¿°½º¨Ð¯
lmjk ßØáÖÔâ µ¦´ ßØâÖãÔá ̬«®¬äÐ
Ì°²å µ¦´æ µ¿¨Æ¼ª¼µÅqÅʾ ¨¿¾¨r¦o´p½©¼Åµ¿Ð¯µ¦´Ìª²»¨ª±¨¿³½ª±çèåÖׯ
çèæÖ×Ðé op
êÔâ ë êÔá Ö×ì êÔáã êÔâ Ö×ìî
êâ êá êâ êá ï ð
tYuJVYQPPYvNNPfY]NTSPRYUNTTSOWSwVSX êØ YâPPYXêØ S]NT SPQPWNTRêØ STSáPQPWxSêØ
OUQâYyh S^bcdSY ï XǸP̬«®¬Ð
V^]NO[NWS^XNz ê â ë êá Ö×ì êâ ã êá Ö×íñ
á
t{uJVY]S̀YUYT[YONUYXYUQWNTRSUYXYUQWYxOUQY|hYXǸPV^]NO[NWS^XNz
tUu}YU~YWTxSP[TỲZUÀ±
NPSPw¨µ VS¿^Ỳ W¿Q¨
U©
N½PR
°P¨WYxÅSʪ
PR±Qi¨¨
STSÚO¼U~µYªPR SX NÇ
WSÒOUÒ̧QßYò]ó·UNÓ^Ni VÓµ
OU~¦Nv´õÈ
SPRNW SÒ^X NS OôWßTÓSY P¿¨Æ¾ªÊ
SWTS^QRYRSPRNPT°S¾PµQ¨P©° W¨N¯T½ ¨¾ST
S¦ª
PR ³²´ SP½Q
ƨ O
¦U
°Q
½Y
² Py
¦ °ø hª±Sy¨°
½²
²
¦
Å
°²
SR
¼ ª½NU
² Y
¦³½ X Y
ª U
±© QWNò
È
TR
Ê
Ž
ò
¦
ôß
SU
´ ¿½Y
© X
µ Y
ÅU
°Q
ÊW x
Y
ÆƨOö÷
U QY|
ª
ò·
¿
Ó
Ê©
òÈ
YXò
h µ¦É¨ÉY ¯
TWÇ
Q²
T²¿¿²³¨´
RSbcd_QORQUYORNU ´½O¿]¨SY©UTªSYÅT]
^S
ÊÇ O¿²
WSN
ƪ Pf
±N¨©Y]NµT°S¨²
P^Ỳ ǵ Q¦½
^N¦PS^`
ùN¦_½YUOQ½
ª̈Å ^N
¦f¨© PL±µ¿»¨µ¦´µ¦½¦ù¦½ª̈°ª¿µ½»±ª©¼¿¿¨¦ª̄
tRuSXNQPRSXST^Y ¿¨ ° ¾ ¨ © ª½ºQ
[
¨ Y
ÅR
Ê YX
é TV ^] N O [NW S ^X e Y Sg hS̀RSP] Q[YRYS^bcbLJVYOWN
WS^XNSOWYvNRSUNTTSXYTYwVSYUYT[YRNUYXYUQWNTUYQYXYTYV^YiTY~UvYN
RNPSVfY]NTS^
bcbztS̀Y{YPSRNP]N[YTQW^NåPOúYÓWìVûüÖ TYQPuýÿ þì æ úÓì ûüÖ ý0ì þ ̬«®¬ÏÐ
×
JL^[VQYRSNORYP^VQWNVPYRNS^]Y{NTYWǸTQNPS̀NUY{NUNYQY]L]SUNOPQPWSRSV^ZNUNORVWNT Ó × ßÓ
QOWSTONTNRSYRNXNDz TV¿ °^Q² ƨ©
PN]Y²OW¦St°ªµ{¦Tªý«
YOUN§uR ¼ É
S°OªW½Tª¼
NRª½¦ »ª
SV ± ¨
^Y^Y°¨½ ¦]eª²ÁÚ
YUNO«R¬V«®WNÛTÏY¯_X
µ¦ T´ª
NWSµ[1Q½R¦YX
»ª ±
NTV¨¿ ¨^µÅ¾µ¿ªé
SOUYXY^SOWNQPN]YOWStXTSWNu_UN^N^NPWTYRNOYiNWNRYS
UN^NV^ZN^SWỲ]QUNQOWSTONRSTYQNRSåú OWTÓNR SV ^R Q
S ] ý©
S̀
W T Q
P²
U
w°
NU
VSúÜ
TRÕãÝò
N
^X
YL]SX
ST^Q ü
PPQ
NRSP
f Q R
î
ïY R
ST^NRS]YRN
SS]S̀WTQUYS
XST^SY{Q]QRYRS^Y[OS̀WQUYSV^YUYPUY^SWỲ]QUYUQ]`ORTQUYRSTÓ ì ûì Õ ì ò üÖ þ
ÿì ð
YQNQOWSTON_UN^NQORQUYRN̬«®¬ÛÐ
OYZ[VTYRYRQTSQWYLUNTTSOWSXSTUNTTSNZNQOWSTONOVý© YPUï
RQTS~
Uv
YNUNOWTỲTQYL æúÓìûìÕìòüÖ ^YR ²°úQÜTSÕãÝò
ßÓ
Uv
~ YNSYU ü0í
þ ñYUQ]`ORTQUYOY
4 3
2
56789å
tYuPSYPQ^SWTQYRNXTN{]S^YSY]SQRSYVPPXYTYN{WSTYUYXYUQWYxOUQYXNTVOQRYRSRS
UN^XTQ^SOWNRNUY{NS^WST^NPRS__SL
t{uPSYPQ^SWTQYRNXTN{]S^YSY]SQRS^XSTSXYTYN{WSTYYVWNQORVWxYOUQYXNTVOQRYRS
RSUN^XTQ^SOWNRNUY{NS^ WST^NPRS__SLQUYUY]UV]SYSOST[QYYT^YSOYRYON
UY^XN^Y[OS̀WQUNS^V^UN^XTQ^SOWNZOQWNRNUY{NSQ[VY]SNTSPV]WYRNY
_NORSS̀Y
YVWNQORVWYxOUQYSS̀YUNTTSOWSXS]NUY{NL
!"#$%#& '()*)&"()'+', -!)./001230111/415
6.7218712931117318315278.728173:.;736.72<13=12931
>0=08.18.7218712931?/19108140833
06.721131415.0316/2@9126.7221935113AB
C1DE/2?/1131451.0316/212711373</3415718/0
291/017017/1FGHIJK@730030272122710.1=30
1373</34
5
1
C<DL18/816?/M231C0NOD12931C0PD/06.72/Q0302721
2118/812370C1D
[WS\SXY VSWXY
RS TUS R] TU]
Z Z