Magnetic Effect of

Electric current

Lecture 1
Seema Rao
M.Sc (Organic Chemistry)

GATE - Chemistry Qualified

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 Magnet

A naturally occurring black colored substance called lodestone can attract piece of
iron kept nearby.

The Greek’s observed this property and name it magnet, from Magnesia where the
stone was found in plenty.

An oxide of iron, magnetite, was the naturally found magnet. The chemical formula
for magnetite is Fe3O4.
Oersted experiment
 Properties of a Magnet

Attractive: A magnet attracts small pieces of iron, nickel, cobalt, etc.

 Properties of a Magnet

Directive: A freely suspended magnet always points in North-South direction.

❖ The end pointing towards north is called north seeking pole or north-pole.
❖ The other end which points towards south is called south seeking pole or south-
Pole.
 Properties of a Magnet

Law of magnetic poles: There are two poles in a magnet north and south-poles. Like
poles repel i.e. south repels south and north repels north Unlike poles attract that i.e.
north and south attracts.
 Properties of a Magnet

Magnetic poles always exist in pair: It means that even the smallest possible magnet
will have both north and south-pole.
 Some commonly used artificial magnets.

Bar Magnet: It is a magnet in the form of rectangular bar, and has two magnetic
poles north (N) and south (S) of equal strength.
 Some commonly used artificial magnets.

Magnetic needle: It is a magnet tapered towards both ends and pivoted at the
centre. It is used to check the direction of a magnetic field and to map the lines of
force of other magnets.
 Some commonly used artificial magnets.

Horse shoe magnet: It resembles a horse shoe, hence the name.

 Some commonly used artificial magnets.

Magnetic compass: It consists of a magnetic needle pivoted at its centre and encased
in a brass box with a glass top. It is used to find direction.
Why does the needle deflect when placed near magnetic field?
Earth is a giant magnet. How?
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