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Elastic
deformation
Elastic
deformation
Elastic
deformation
Strength
Strength
Kind of strength
Strength
Yield Strength
Break strength
Strength design
Modulus
Modulus
Modulus desing
Material
properties
Exercise Design of a Suspension Rod
20
Exercise
Elastic
beheaviour
Plastic
beheaviour
Elastic
beheaviour
HOOKE
LAW
F = KX
Poisson Ratio:
Linear ecuation y = mX + b
E = Elastic modulus GPa
E= /ε
Units
Tension test
Tension test
Tension test
Stress Vs Strain
Stress Vs Strain
Yield strength
FALLA
ORIGINADA EN
EL ENSAYO DE
TRACCION
Fractura dúctil y
fractura frágil
Centro ---- Dúctil
Extremos --- Frágil
45º
Failure on
tension
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K28WiL21S
36
Flexion
Flexion
Flexion test
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVVfFEz5jgM
Flexión
3𝐹𝐿 3
𝐹𝐿
𝜎= 2 𝜠= 3
2𝑤ℎ 4𝑤ℎ 𝛿
Flexión
(c)2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
42
Stress-
deflection
a bend test
Figure 6.20
3𝐹𝐿 3
𝐹𝐿
𝜎= 2 𝜠= 3
2𝑤ℎ 4𝑤ℎ 𝛿
44
Hardness
Dureza
Dureza
Hardness
Huella de
diamante
Indentadores
Dureza
Relación de dureza y la
resistencia a la tracción,
para fundiciones, aceros de
bajo carbono y latones
Dureza
Dureza
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N276_xjl04g
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N276_xjl04g
Impacto -
Tenacidad
Propiedades obtenidas de la prueba de impacto
Transición de la temperatura ductil a
fragil (DBTT) - La temperatura por
debajo un material se comporta de
forma fragil en el test de impacto.
Sensibilidad a la entalla – Medida del
efecto de la entalla, grieta o otra
imperfeccion sobre las propiedades del
material como la toughness o la vida en
fatiga.
Impacto -
Tenacidad
Grafica obtenida de
una serie de impactos
de el Ensayo Izod, a
diferentes
temperaturas.
Temperatura de
transición: Temp. a la
cual la falla es 50%
frágil y el 50% dúctil
Impacto -
Tenacidad
Comportamiento
de los metales
según la
estructura
cristalina.
FCC no tiene
temperatura de
transición dúctil
a frágil!
Tenacidad
Fractura
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nbRhxBZrSE0
Tenacidad
Fractura
K=f***a
K fracture toughness
Tenacidad
Fractura
Tenacidad
Fractura
Design of a Nondestructive Test
A large steel plate used in a nuclear reactor has a plane
strain fracture toughness of 80,000 psi in. and is exposed to
a stress of 45,000 psi during service. Design a testing or
inspection procedure capable of detecting a crack at the
edge of the plate before the crack is likely to grow at a
catastrophic rate.
Example 6.8 SOLUTION
71
Fracture
toughness
72
(c)2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Tenacidad Properties of SiAlON Ceramics
Fractura
73
Tenacidad Properties of SiAlON Ceramics
Fractura
74
Tenacidad
Fractura Design of a Ceramic Support
75
Tenacidad
Fractura Design of a Ceramic Support
76
Fatiga
A solid shaft for a cement kiln produced from the tool steel
in Figure 6.50 must be 96 in. long and must survive
continuous operation for one year with an applied load of
12,500 lb. The shaft makes one revolution per minute
during operation. Design a shaft that will satisfy these
requirements.
Esfuerzo = Fuerza/Area
• Gran deformación
• Una Pieza
• Fractura Opaca y granular
Fractura ductil
Ensayo de tensión
FALLA
ORIGINADA EN
EL ENSAYO DE
TRACCION
Fractura dúctil y
fractura frágil
Centro ---- Dúctil
Extremos --- Frágil
45º
Fractura ductil
Fractura fragil
• Poca o ninguna
deformación
• Muchas piezas
• Fractura brillante y por
laminas o cortes (como
si el material se
desgarrara)
Fractura fatiga
Fractura fatiga
Ejercicios
6–30 A steel cable 1.25 in. in diameter and 50 ft long is to lift a 20 ton load. What is
the length of the cable during lifting? The modulus of elasticity of the steel is 30 ×
106 psi.
6–25 A force of 100,000 N is applied to a 10 mm × 20 mm iron bar having a yield
strength of 400 MPa and a tensile strength of 480 MPa. Determine (a) whether the
bar will plastically deform and (b) whether the bar will experience necking.
6–27 A polymer bar’s dimensions are 1 in. × 2 in. × 15 in. The polymer has a
modulus of elasticity of 600,000 psi. What force is required to stretch the bar
elastically to 15.25
in.?
Ejercicios
6–43(a) A thermosetting polymer containing glass beads is required to deflect 0.5 mm
whenva force of 500 N is applied. The polymer part is 2 cm wide, 0.5 cm thick, and 10 cm
long. If the flexural modulus is 6.9 GPa, determine the minimum distance between the
supports. Will the polymer fracture if its flexural strength is 85 MPa? Assume that no
plastic deformation occurs.
6–68 A ceramic matrix composite contains internal flaws as large as 0.001 cm in length.
The plane strain fracture toughness of the composite is 45 and the tensile strength is
550 MPa. Will the flaw cause the composite to fail before the tensile strength is reached?
6–69 An aluminum alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 25,000 fails
when a stress of 42,000 psi is applied. Observation of the fracture surface indicates
that fracture began at the surface of the part. Estimate the size of the flaw that
initiated fracture.
91
Ejercicios
6–71 A ceramic part for a jet engine has a yield strength of 75,000 psi and a plane strain
fracture toughness of 5,000 To be sure that the part does not fail, we plan to assure that the
maximum applied stress is only one third the yield strength. We
use a nondestructive test that will detect any internal flaws greater than 0.05 in. long. Assuming
that f = 1.4, does our nondestructive test have the required sensitivity? Explain.
6–88 A cyclical load of 1500 lb is to be exerted at the end of a 10-in. long aluminum beam
(Figure 6–50). The bar must survive for at least 106 cycles. What is the minimum diameter of
the bar?
6–86 A cylindrical tool steel specimen that is 6 in. long and 0.25 in. in diameter rotates
as a cantilever beam and is to be designed so that failure never occurs. Assuming that
the maximum tensile and compressive stresses are equal, determine the maximum
load that can be applied to the end of the beam. (See Figure 6–50.)
Ejercicios
Ejercicios
94