IMPULSE-MOMENTUN RELATION

Impulse affects Momentum. Any moving object can have momentum. This is because momentum is
mass in motion. The way we determine an object's momentum is fairly straightforward. Momentum is the
object's mass times its velocity, or, in equation form, p=mv, where p is momentum, m is mass in
kilograms, and v is velocity in meters per second. Momentum is proportional to both mass and velocity,
meaning that a change in one will cause the same amount of change in the other. So if you increase an
object's mass, you also increase its momentum. The same is true for velocity: increase or decrease the
object's speed, and you increase or decrease its momentum by the same amount.
Force is an important factor, but time also counts. Specifically, when we are interested in knowing how
long the force acts. For example, if you push a box across the floor for just a few seconds, the time
interval is very short. But if you push a box across the floor and you do so with the same force as before,
but this time for several minutes, you've increased the amount of time the force acts. This longer time
interval leads to a greater change in momentum. This change in momentum is called impulse, and it
describes the quantity that we just saw: the force times the time interval it acts over. The greater the
impulse, the greater the change in momentum. To change the impulse, you can either change the amount
of force, or you can change the time interval in which that force acts. In equation form, we can write this
relationship between impulse and momentum as:

Equation representing relationship between impulse and momentum

Wherein: F= Force t= time (triangle)m= change in mass v= velocity

EXAMPLES:

1. If you jump off a porch and land on your feet with your knees locked in the straight position, your
motion would be brought to rest in a very short period of time and thus the force would need to
be very large – large enough, perhaps, to damage your joints or bones.
a. Suppose that when you hit the ground, your velocity was 7.0 m/s and that velocity was brought to
rest in 0.05 seconds. If your mass is 100. kg, what force was required to bring you to rest?

F=Δmv/t = (100. kg)(7.0 m/s)/0.050 s = 14,000 N

b. Suppose that when you first touch the ground, you allow your knees to bend and extend the
stopping time to 0.50 seconds. What force would be required to bring you to rest this time?

F=Δmv/t = (100. kg)(7.0 m/s)/0.50 s = 1400 N

2. An 0.15 kg baseball is thrown horizontally at 40. m/s and after it is struck by a bat, it is traveling at -
40. m/s.
(a) What impulse did the bat deliver to the ball?
(b) If the contact time of the bat and bat was 0.00080 seconds, what was the average force the bat exerted
on the ball?
(c) Calculate the average acceleration of the ball during the time it was in contact with the bat.
We can calculate the change in momentum and give the answer as impulse because we know that the
impulse is equal to the change in momentum.
SOLUTION:
(a) p=mΔv=(0.15 kg)(−40. m/s−40. m/s)=(0.15 kg)(−80. m/s)=−12 kg⋅m/s
The minus sign indicates that the impulse was in the opposite direction of the original throw.

(b) F=Δmv/t = −12 kg⋅m/s / 0.00080 s = −15000 N

Again, the negative sign indicates the force was in the opposite direction of the original throw.

(c) a=F/m=−15000 N / 0.15 kg = −100,000 m/s2

SOURCES:

https://www.ck12.org/physics/momentum-and-impulse/lesson/Momentum-and-Impulse-PHYS/

https://sciencenotes.org/impulse-and-momentum-physics-example-problem/

http://www.softschools.com/examples/science/momentum_and_impulse_examples/17/#:~:targetText
=2.,the%20driver%20to%20a%20stop.