Learning Sanskrit - Sanskrit Numbers - Cardinals - Sanskrit & Trika Shaivism

11/18/2019 Learning Sanskrit - Sanskrit numbers - Cardinals - Sanskrit & Trika Shaivism
LEARNING SANSKRIT - NUMBERS (1) (ENGLISH)
SANSKRIT NUMBERS (CARDINALS)
INTRODUCTION
This is Gabriel Pradīpaka. Another chance to enrich our Sanskrit knowledge. We have learnt lots of things so far, and now it is
time to start to learn Sanskrit Numbers. Remember that there are two kind of Numbers: Cardinals and Ordinals. Cardinals are: 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and Ordinals are: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc.
This is a rst approach to the study of the Sanskrit Numbers. We will not study Declension for the time being. I will only give a
brief explanation. Declension, in a word, consists in transforming the end of a noun, substantive or adjective in order to show
di erent cases (Nominative, Accusative, ...). When a word is in a crude form is denominated "prātipadika". For example: "Yoga,
Saṁskṛta, Deva, Guru" (Yoga or union, Sanskrit, God, Guru) are prātipadika-s because there is no Declension applied to them.
However, if you wish to express the following: "of Yoga, of Sanskrit, of God, of the Guru", you will have to transform (in ect) the
nal part of Yoga, Saṁskṛta, Deva and Guru words this way:
Yogasya, Saṁskṛtasya, Devasya, Guroḥ/unaḥ
I will explain completely Declension to you later, through another document. I will write the numbers only in their crude form
(prātipadika) in this document. After you have learnt Declension in the future, I will publish a Numbers Appendix, which will deal
with Number Declension. Be patient.
Prātipadika-s (crude forms of any words) are used in Compounds. When you build a compound, you generally decline the last
word, not the rest. There are exceptions, of course. For example, if you have to translate "Yoga of Knowledge" into Sanskrit, you
would write rstly:
Jñānayoga
"Jñāna" is knowledge, and "yoga" is Yoga (union or uniting). Well, to form that compound was very easy. However, it is just the
crude form of the compound (no declensions). But, if you had to write "for Yoga of Knowledge", how will you insert "for"?
Through Declension. You will have only to decline or transform the nal part of "yoga" word. "Jñāna" word remains the same. It
remains prātipadika. Thus:
Jñānayogāya
Numbers in their crude form (prātipadika) are used generally in compounds. There are several exceptions in which you will have
to transform the crude form into a special form to be utilized in compounds (as "pañcan" -- ve--, which is changed into "pañca"
when it is used in a compound).
And now, one example by using number two (dvi) in a compound. Note that I have utilized "dvi" in its crude form (prātipadika):
Dvipa
(lit. "drinking --pa-- twice --dvi--", the elephant)
But if you had to translate into Sanskrit "the three elephants", you must use Declension. On one hand, if you keep the words
separately, you should decline both of them. On the other hand, if you are forming a compound, you should only decline the last
word in the compound.
Remember that you are not actually learning how to decline now, it is just an informative example. If you are going to keep the
words separately you should write:
Trayo dvipāḥ
Observe how the nal "āḥ" indicates plural number of crude form "dvipa" (elephant). The next declension is in "trayaḥ", which
changes into "trayo" due to a Sandhi or Combination rule that we will study on another document later. The original crude form
"tri" (three) has been changed into "trayaḥ" in order to show Nominative case... Nevertheless, do not worry friend. It is just an
example.
https://www.sanskrit-trikashaivism.com/en/learning-sanskrit-numbers-1-1/424 1/9
In turn, if you want to form a compound, simply join the two words together:
Tridvipāḥ
In this case, "tri" (three) remains prātipadika or crude form, and declension is only applied to the last word of the compound
(dvipāḥ=elephants). It is enough for the time being. Let us start studying the numbers themselves right now.
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CARDINALS: 0-9
There are ve columns. First column: Sanskrit numbers. Second column: Usual numbers (ours). Third column: Names of the
Cardinals. Fourth column: Transliteration of the previous names. Fifth column: Comments.
० 0 शू śūnya --
१ 1 एक eka --
२ 2 ि dvi --
३ 3 ि trí --
Final "r" is sometimes changed into

४ 4 चतुर् catur "s", "ś" or "ḥ" according to de nite
Sandhi or Combination rules
"Pañca" is the special form to be
५ 5 प न् pañcan used in compounds (in short, "n" is
dropped)
"Ṣaṭ(ḍ)" is the special form to be
६ 6 षष् ṣaṣ
used in compounds
"Sapta" is the special form to be used
७ 7 स न् saptan
in compounds
"Aṣṭa" is the special form to be used
८ 8 अ न् aṣṭan
in compounds
"Nava" is the special form to be used
९ 9 नवन् navan
in compounds
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CARDINALS: 10-29
Let us keep learning Sanskrit Numbers. Observe attentively the position of the written accent.
"Daśa" is the special form to be used

in compounds. The same rule of
१० 10 दशन् daśan
dropping "n" is applied to the rest of
numbers ending in "daśan"
"eka" (one) is transformed into "ekā"
११ 11 एकादशन् ekādaśan
when added to "daśan" (ten).
"dvi" (two) is transformed into "dvā"
१२ 12 ादशन् dvādaśan
when added to "daśan" (ten)
"trí" (three) is rstly transformed
१३ 13 योदशन् trayodaśan
into "trayaḥ", and then into "trayo"
१४ 14 चतुदशन् caturdaśan --
15 pañcadaśan "Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

१५ प दशन्
used in compounds
"Ṣaṣ" becomes "ṣo" and "d" in
१६ 16 षोडशन् ṣoḍaśan
"daśan" is turned into "ḍ"
"Sapta" and not "saptan" is the
१७ 17 स दशन् saptadaśan special form to be used in
compounds
"Aṣṭa", the special form of "aṣṭan"
१८ 18 अ ादशन् aṣṭādaśan (eight), which is used in compounds,
is changed into "aṣṭā"
The words "ekona = eka + ūna"; "ūna"
and "ekānna = ekān + na" mean
नवदशन् or एकोनिवंशित or navadaśan or ekonaviṁśati or
१९ 19
ūnaviṁśati or ekānnaviṁśati
"minus one". "Viṁśati" means
ऊनिवंशित or एका िवंशित "twenty". So, the idea is "twenty
minus one=19".
२० 20 िवंशित viṁśati --
"Eka" is not transformed into "ekā"

२१ 21 एकिवंशित ekaviṁśati
as previously in "ekādaśan" (eleven)
"Dvi" (two) is transformed into "dvā"
२२ 22 ािवंशित dvāviṁśati
when added to "viṁśati" (twenty)
"Tri" (three) is rstly transformed
२३ 23 योिवंशित trayoviṁśati
into "trayaḥ", and then into "trayo"
२४ 24 चतुिवशित caturviṁśati --
"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

२५ 25 प िवंशित pañcaviṁśati
used in compounds
"Ṣaṭ(ḍ)" and not "ṣaṣ" is the special
२६ 26 षड् िवंशित ṣaḍviṁśati form to be used generally in
compounds
२७ 27 स िवंशित saptaviṁśati special form to be used in
compounds
२८ 28 अ ािवंशित aṣṭāviṁśati (eight), which is used in compounds,
नविवंशित or एकोनि ंशत् or navaviṁśati or ekonatriṁśat or
२९ 29
ūnatriṁśat or ekānnatriṁśat
"minus one". "Triṁśat" means
ऊनि ंशत् or एका ि ंशत् "thirty". So, the idea is "thirty minus
one=29".
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CARDINALS: 30-49
Twenty more numbers:
३० 30 ि ंशत् triṁśat --
"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

३१ 31 एकि ंशत् ekatriṁśat "ekā" as previously in "ekādaśan"
(eleven)
३२ 32 ाि ंशत् dvātriṁśat
when added to "triṁśat" (thirty)
३३ 33 य ंशत् trayastriṁśat "Tri" (three) is rstly transformed

into "trayaḥ", and then into "trayas"
३४ 34 चतु ंशत् catustriṁśat "Catur" is transformed into "catus"

३५ 35 प ि ंशत् pañcatriṁśat
used in compounds
३६ 36 षट् ि ंशत् ṣaṭtriṁśat form to be used generally in
compounds
३७ 37 स ि ंशत् saptatriṁśat special form to be used in
compounds
३८ 38 अ ाि ंशत् aṣṭātriṁśat (eight), which is used in compounds,
नवि ंशत् or The words "ekona = eka + ūna"; "ūna"

navatriṁśat or ekonacatvāriṁśat or and "ekānna = ekān + na" mean
एकोनच ा रं शत् or
३९ 39 ūnacatvāriṁśat or "minus one". "Catvāriṁśat" means
ऊनच ा रं शत् or ekānnacatvāriṁśat "forty". So, the idea is "forty minus
एका च ा रं शत् one=39".
४० 40 च ा रं शत् catvāriṁśat --

४१ 41 एकच ा रं शत् ekacatvāriṁśat
४२ 42 ाच ा रं शत् dvācatvāriṁśat
when added to "catvāriṁśat" (forty)
"Tri" (three) is "optionally"
य ा रं शत् or
४३ 43 trayaścatvāriṁśat or tricatvāriṁśat transformed into "trayaḥ", and then
ि च ा रं शत् into "trayaś"
४४ 44 चतु ा रं शत् catuścatvāriṁśat "Catur" is transformed into "catuś"

४५ 45 प च ा रं शत् pañcacatvāriṁśat
used in compounds
४६ 46 षट् च ा रं शत् ṣaṭcatvāriṁśat form to be used generally in
compounds
४७ 47 स च ा रं शत् saptacatvāriṁśat special form to be used in
compounds
अ ाच ा रं शत् or
४८ 48 aṣṭācatvāriṁśat or aṣṭacatvāriṁśat (eight), which is used in compounds,
अ च ा रं शत् is "optionally" changed into "aṣṭā"
नवच ा रं शत् or The words "ekona = eka + ūna"; "ūna"

एकोनप ाशत् or navacatvāriṁśat or ekonapañcāśat or
४९ 49
ūnapañcāśat or ekānnapañcāśat
"minus one". "Pañcāśat" means
ऊनप ाशत् or " fty". So, the idea is " fty minus
एका प ाशत् one=49".
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CARDINALS: 50-69
Let us keep learning Sanskrit Numbers:
५० 50 प ाशत् pañcāśat --

५१ 51 एकप ाशत् ekapañcāśat "ekā" as previously in "ekādaśan"
(eleven)
"Dvi" (two) is optionally transformed
५२ 52 ाप ाशत् or ि प ाशत् dvāpañcāśat or dvipañcāśat into "dvā" when added to "pañcāśat"
( fty)
"Trí" (three) is optionally transformed
५३ 53 यःप ाशत् or ि प ाशत् trayaḥpañcāśat or tripañcāśat
into "trayaḥ"
५४ 54 चतुःप ाशत् catuḥpañcāśat "Catur" is transformed into "catuḥ"

५५ 55 प प ाशत् pañcapañcāśat
used in compounds
५६ 56 षट् प ाशत् ṣaṭpañcāśat form to be used generally in
compounds
५७ 57 स प ाशत् saptapañcāśat special form to be used in
compounds
५८ 58 अ ाप ाशत् or अ प ाशत् aṣṭāpañcāśat or aṣṭapañcāśat (eight), which is used in compounds,
is "optionally" changed into "aṣṭā"
नवप ाशत् or एकोनषि or navapañcāśat or ekonaṣaṣṭi or and "ekānna = ekān + na" mean
५९ 59
ūnaṣaṣṭi or ekānnaṣaṣṭi "minus one". "Ṣaṣṭi" means "sixty".
ऊनषि or एका षि
So, the idea is "sixty minus one=59".
६० 60 षि ṣaṣṭí --

६९ 61 एकषि ekaṣaṣṭi
६२ 62 ाषि or ि षि dvāṣaṣṭi or dviṣaṣṭi into "dvā" when added to "ṣaṣṭi"
(sixty)
६३ 63 यःषि or ि षि trayaḥṣaṣṭi or triṣaṣṭi
into "trayaḥ"
६४ 64 चतु ि catuṣṣaṣṭi "Catur" is transformed into "catuṣ"

६५ 65 प षि pañcaṣaṣṭi
used in compounds
६६ 66 षट् षि ṣaṭṣaṣṭi form to be used generally in
compounds
६७ 67 स षि saptaṣaṣṭi special form to be used in
compounds
६८ 68 अ ाषि or अ षि aṣṭāṣaṣṭi or aṣṭaṣaṣṭi (eight), which is used in compounds,
नवषि or एकोनस ित or navaṣaṣṭi or ekonasaptati or
६९ 69
ūnasaptati or ekānnasaptati
"minus one". "Saptati" means
ऊनस ित or एका स ित "seventy". So, the idea is "seventy
minus one=69".
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CARDINALS: 70-99
Thirty more numbers up to 99:
७० 70 स ित saptati --

७१ 71 एकस ित ekasaptati "ekā" as previously in "ekādaśan"
(eleven)
७२ 72 ास ित or ि स ित dvāsaptati or dvisaptati into "dvā" when added to "saptati"
(seventy)
७३ 73 य ित or ि स ित trayassaptati or trisaptati
into "trayaḥ", and then into "trayas"
७४ 74 चतु ित catussaptati "Catur" is transformed into "catus"

७५ 75 प स ित pañcasaptati
used in compounds
७६ 76 षट् स ित ṣaṭsaptati form to be used generally in
compounds
७७ 77 स स ित saptasaptati special form to be used in
compounds
७८ 78 अ ास ित or अ स ित aṣṭāsaptati or aṣṭasaptati (eight), which is used in compounds,
नवस ित or एकोनाशीित or navasaptati or ekonāśīti or ūnāśīti or
७९ 79
ekānnāśīti
"minus one". "Aśīti" means "eighty".
ऊनाशीित or एका ाशीित So, the idea is "eighty minus
one=79".
८० 80 अशीित aśīti --

८९ 81 एकाशीित ekāśīti as previously in "ekādaśan" (eleven).
"Eka" + "aśīti" = "ekāśiti".
"Dvi" (two) is not transformed into
८२ 82 शीित dvyaśīti "dvā", but "dvy" when added to
"aśīti" (eighty)
"Trí" (three) is not transformed into
८३ 83 शीित tryaśīti "trayaḥ", but "try" when added to
"aśīti" (eighty)
८४ 84 चतुरशीित caturaśīti --

८५ 85 प ाशीित pañcāśīti used in compounds. "Pañca" + "aśīti"
= "pañcāśīti".
८६ 86 षडशीित ṣaḍaśīti form to be used generally in
compounds
87 saptāśīti "Sapta" and not "saptan" is the
८७ स ाशीित
special form to be used in
compounds. "Sapta" + "aśīti" =

"saptāśīti".
"Aṣṭa" --the special form of "aṣṭan"
८८ 88 अ ाशीित aṣṭāśīti (eight), which is used in compounds-
- + "aśīti" = "aṣṭāśīti".
नवाशीित or एकोननवित or návāśīti or ekonanavati or ūnanavati
८९ 89
or ekānnanavati
"minus one". "Navati" means
ऊननवित or एका नवित "ninety". So, the idea is "ninety
minus one=89".
९० 90 नवित navati --

९१ 91 एकनवित ekanavati "ekā" as previously in "ekādaśan"
(eleven)
९२ 92 ानवित or ि नवित dvānavati or dvinavati into "dvā" when added to "navati"
(ninety)
९३ 93 योनवित or ि नवित trayonavati or trinavati
into "trayaḥ", and then into "trayo".
९४ 94 चतुनवित caturnavati --

९५ 95 प नवित pañcanavati
used in compounds
form to be used generally in
९६ 96 ष वित ṣaṇṇavati
compounds. "Ṣaṭ(ḍ)" must be
transformed into "ṣaṇ" here.
९७ 97 स नवित saptanavati special form to be used in
compounds
९८ 98 अ ानवित or अ नवित aṣṭānavati or aṣṭanavati (eight), which is used in compounds,
नवनवित or एकोनशत or navanavati or ekonaśata or ūnaśata or
९९ 99
ekānnaśata
"minus one". "Śata" means "one
ऊनशत or एका शत hundred". So, the idea is "one
hundred minus one=99".
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CARDINALS: 100 AND BEYOND...
No comments included on the Table. The numbers are in their crude form (prātipadika). No declensions being applied to them.
१०० 100 शत śata
२०० 200 ि शत or े शते dviśata or dveśate
३०० 300 ि शत triśata
४०० 400 चतुःशत catuḥśata
५०० 500 प शत pañcaśata
600 ṣaṭśata
६०० षट् शत
७०० 700 स शत saptaśata
८०० 800 अ शत aṣṭaśata
९०० 900 नवशत navaśata
१००० 1,000 सह or दशशत sahasra or daśaśata
२००० 2,000 ि सह dvisahasra
३००० 3,000 ि सह trisahasra
४००० 4,000 चतुःसह catuḥsahasra
५००० 5,000 प सह pañcasahasra
६००० 6,000 षट् सह ṣaṭsahasra
७००० 7,000 स सह saptasahasra
८००० 8,000 अ सह aṣṭasahasra
९००० 9,000 नवसह navasahasra
१०००० 10,000 अयुत ayuta
१००००० 100,000 ल lakṣa or lakṣā
१०००००० 1,000,000 युत prayuta
१००००००० 10,000,000 कोिट koṭi
१०००००००० 100,000,000 अबुद árbuda
१००००००००० 1,000,000,000 अ abja
१०००००००००० 10,000,000,000 खव kharva
१००००००००००० 100,000,000,000 िनखव nikharva
१०००००००००००० 1,000,000,000,000 महाप mahāpadma
१००००००००००००० 10,000,000,000,000 शङ् कु śaṅku
१०००००००००००००० 100,000,000,000,000 जलिध jaladhi
१००००००००००००००० 1,000,000,000,000,000 अ antya
१०००००००००००००००० 10,000,000,000,000,000 म madhya
१००००००००००००००००० 100,000,000,000,000,000 पराध parārdha
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
The rst part of this long document set has been nished. Numbers is composed of 2 web pages: "Numbers: Sanskrit Numbers
(Cardinals)" and "Numbers: Sanskrit Numbers (Ordinals)". You have learnt how to write Cardinals. You should practice for a long
time in order to fully understand the numbers. On "Numbers: Appendix 1 --Sanskrit Numbers-- (Examples)" you will have a
chance to practice even more. And now, go to Numbers: Sanskrit Numbers (Ordinals) and keep studying.
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FURTHER INFORMATION
This document was conceived by Gabriel Pradīpaka, one of the two founders of this site, and spiritual
guru conversant with Sanskrit language and Trika philosophy.
For further information about Sanskrit, Yoga and Indian Philosophy; or if you simply want to comment,
ask a question or correct a mistake, feel free to contact us: This is our e-mail address.
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11/18/2019 Learning Sanskrit - Sanskrit numbers - Cardinals - Sanskrit & Trika Shaivism

LEARNING SANSKRIT - NUMBERS (1) (ENGLISH)

SANSKRIT NUMBERS (CARDINALS)

Yogasya, Saṁskṛtasya, Devasya, Guroḥ/unaḥ

(lit. "drinking --pa-- twice --dvi--", the elephant)

Final "r" is sometimes changed into

"Daśa" is the special form to be used

15 pañcadaśan "Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

"Eka" is not transformed into "ekā"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

Twenty more numbers:

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

३३ 33 य ंशत् trayastriṁśat "Tri" (three) is rstly transformed

३४ 34 चतु ंशत् catustriṁśat "Catur" is transformed into "catus"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

नवि ंशत् or The words "ekona = eka + ūna"; "ūna"

"Eka" is not transformed into "ekā"

४४ 44 चतु ा रं शत् catuścatvāriṁśat "Catur" is transformed into "catuś"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

नवच ा रं शत् or The words "ekona = eka + ūna"; "ūna"

Let us keep learning Sanskrit Numbers:

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

५४ 54 चतुःप ाशत् catuḥpañcāśat "Catur" is transformed into "catuḥ"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

"Eka" is not transformed into "ekā"

६४ 64 चतु ि catuṣṣaṣṭi "Catur" is transformed into "catuṣ"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

Thirty more numbers up to 99:

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

७४ 74 चतु ित catussaptati "Catur" is transformed into "catus"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

"Eka" is not transformed into "ekā"

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

compounds. "Sapta" + "aśīti" =

"Eka" (one) is not transformed into

"Pañca" and not "pañcan" is to be

CARDINALS: 100 AND BEYOND...

१०० 100 शत śata

२०० 200 ि शत or े शते dviśata or dveśate

३०० 300 ि शत triśata

४०० 400 चतुःशत catuḥśata

५०० 500 प शत pañcaśata

८०० 800 अ शत aṣṭaśata

९०० 900 नवशत navaśata

१००० 1,000 सह or दशशत sahasra or daśaśata

२००० 2,000 ि सह dvisahasra

३००० 3,000 ि सह trisahasra

४००० 4,000 चतुःसह catuḥsahasra

५००० 5,000 प सह pañcasahasra

६००० 6,000 षट् सह ṣaṭsahasra

७००० 7,000 स सह saptasahasra

८००० 8,000 अ सह aṣṭasahasra

९००० 9,000 नवसह navasahasra

१०००० 10,000 अयुत ayuta

१००००० 100,000 ल lakṣa or lakṣā

१०००००० 1,000,000 युत prayuta

१००००००० 10,000,000 कोिट koṭi

१०००००००० 100,000,000 अबुद árbuda

१००००००००० 1,000,000,000 अ abja

१०००००००००० 10,000,000,000 खव kharva

१००००००००००० 100,000,000,000 िनखव nikharva

१०००००००००००० 1,000,000,000,000 महाप mahāpadma

१००००००००००००० 10,000,000,000,000 शङ् कु śaṅku

१०००००००००००००० 100,000,000,000,000 जलिध jaladhi

Learning Sanskrit - Sanskrit Numbers - Cardinals - Sanskrit & Trika Shaivism

Learning Sanskrit - Sanskrit Numbers - Cardinals - Sanskrit & Trika Shaivism