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The three phase system is commonly used polyphase system. It is the combination of three
single phase system. In a balance system, power comes from a 3 phase AC generator that
produces three separate and equal voltage, each of which is 120 deg out of phase with the
other voltage.
Phase Sequence
Phase sequence is the order of rotation of the coil voltage in a balanced poly phase system. If
the phase sequence is a‐b‐c, that means that vector A comes first followed by vector B and
vector C
Advantages of Three Phase AC System
1. They weigh less than single phase equipment of the same power rating
2. They have a wide range of voltage and can be used for single phase loads
3. They are smaller in size and more efficient than single phase equipment.
Three phase System can be connected in two different ways
1. If the common ends of each phase are connected at a common point and the three
other ends are connected to a three phase line, it is called WYE(Y) connection or star
connection
2. If the three phase are connected in series to form a closed loop, it is called Delta ( )
connection.
Wye or Star Connected Balanced System
VP = V1 = V2 = V3
VL = V12 = V23 = V31
VL = 3 VP
Phasor diagram with V12 as Reference
V1n = VP 30
V2n = VP 150
V3n = VP 90
V12 = VL 0
V23 = VL ‐120
V31 = VL 120
Delta Connected Balanced System
VP = V12 = V23 = V31
VL = V12 = V23 = V31
VP = VL
WYE Connected Balanced Loads
Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z
I1 = I2 = I3 = VP/Z
Neutral Current
Current that flows in the neutral conductor, which is equal to the algebraic sum of the three
phases
IN = I1 + I2 + I3
From the concept of conservation of current and charge, the algebraic sum of the current in a
given node is zero.
IN = I1 + I2 +I3 = 0
Delta Connected balanced or unbalance loads
Z1 = Z2 = Z3 = Z
IP = I12 = I23 = I31
I1 = I2 = I3 = IL
IP = VL / Z
IL = 3 IP
If unbalanced loads
Z1 = Z2 = Z3 I12 = V12/Z1 I23 = V23/Z2 I31 = V31 / Z3
I1 = I12 + (‐ I31) I2 = I23 + ( ‐I12 ) I3 = I31 + (‐ I23 )
Three Phase Power Formulas
P = 3 VP IP cos 0 P = 3 VL IL cos 0
S = 3 VP IP S = 3 VL IL
Problems
1. A 170 KV, 3 phase electric source delivers 200 MVA to a balanced load, which has a
power factor of 90 % lagging. What is the line current.
2. A three phase motor is rated 50 hp, 440 volts and 85 % power factor. What is its rated
current
3. A balanced 3 phase loads draws 120 amperes line current at 230 volts line to line
voltage, 0.848 power factor lagging current. Solve for the real power
4. A generator supplies three phase power to balanced load. The voltage is 230 Volts, the
current is 18 A and the power factor is 85 %. What is the power
5. A balanced 3 phase loads draws 75 A line current at 230 Volts line to line and 0.848
lagging power factor. Solve for the reactive power being drawn.
6. The input power factor to a three phase 6 pole, 460 Volts, 60 Hz, 50 Hp inductor motor
is o.62 as 20 A is drawn by the motor. Find for the power input to the motor
7. A 460 volts three phase motor draws 208 A with power factor of 0.91 lagging. Calculate
the KW input to the motor.
8. A wye connected load had a 5 20 ohm impedance per phase and is connected across a
120 volts three phase source. Calculate the line current
9. A balance three phase load is wye connected and had an impedance Zp = 4 –j3 ohms per
phase. Find the line current if this load is connected across a 220 volts three phase
source.
10. Two parallel connected loads A and Bare supplied by a 440V, 3 phase, 60 Hz generator.
Load A draws an apparent power of 100 KVA at 0.80 power factor and load B draws 70
KVA at unity power factor. Determine the feeder current.
11. Three resistor 10,15 1nd 30 ohmic values are connected in wye configuration to a
balanced 208 volts 3 phase supply. Calculate the total power of the system.
12. Three unequal single phase loads so connected across the lines of a balanced 3 phase,
230 volts circuit. The first takes 106 A at o,78 lagging power factor, 0.90 efficiency and
connected across lines 1 and 2. The second takes 142 A , 0.82 pf lagging and connected
across lines 2 and 3. And the third takes 28.4 KW at 0.77 pf lagging. Determine the total
apparent power.