ETHICAL FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION

-must be balanced against society’s need to maintain order, protect general welfare and public morality. There should be limits to free
expression, People should refrain from hate speech, the public use of derogatory and offensive language denigrating others.
MASS COMMUNICATION
-used to describe the various means by which individuals and entities relay information through mass media to large segments of the
population at the same time.; Uses mass media; such as newspapers, TV, radio, books etc.
MASS COMMUNICATION Ethics
Truth Censorship Laws Privacy Appropriateness
Sensitivity to other cultures Respect dignity, privacy, and well being of a person

ETHIC CODES (Ethical Codes)

-are moral guidelines that are used to help assist people in making decisions, to tell the difference between ‘right’ and ‘wrong’
and to utilize this understanding to make ethical choices
There are 3 levels; 1. Code of ethics (social issues); 2. Code of conduct (influence to behavior ofemployees)
3 Code of practice (professional responsibility)

CORPORATE CODES OF ETHICS

 Honesty - Professional communicators are honest, accurate and candid in all communications. This practice encourages the
free flow of important information in the interest of the public.
 Confidentiality - Protecting the confidences and privacy rights of employees and customers is the duty of professional
communicators. Additionally, they must abide by legal requirements for disclosing information that affect the welfare of others
 Credit - Give due credit to those who you get ideas from.
 Free Speech - Principles of free speech and free ideas should be encouraged.
 Courtesy - Sensitivity to cultural values and beliefs are crucial.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
"I am the most spontaneous speaker in the world because every word, every gesture, and every retort has been carefully rehearsed."
-George Bernard Shaw
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION- communication without actions; a process of communication through sending and receiving
wordless messages.
Verbal Communication & Nonverbal communication
 verbal communication and nonverbal communication are interconnected and they operate together in communication.
 are all types of communication. But the difference between them is that we use our voice in verbal communication and we use
body signs in non-verbal communication.
 People are using around 35% verbal communication and 65% nonverbal communication in daily life.
Nonverbal communication has also cultural meaning.
“The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn't being said.” -Peter F. Drucker
POWER OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
-is the most powerful form of communication; communication helps to create your image in others mind and even you can express your
emotions and feelings in front of others, which you are unable to express in words.
TWO TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Intentional nonverbal communication Example: Pointing out the finger, giving smile and clapping.
•Unintentional nonverbal communication Example:

Form of nonverbal communication

• Eye Contact- a key characteristic of nonverbal communication, In American culture, maintaining eye contact shows respect and
indicates interest.
• Facial Expressions- Your facial expression can communicate happiness, sadness, anger or fear.
• Posture-how you carry your self tells a lot about you. How you walk, sit, stand or hold your head not only indicates your current mood,
but also your personality in general.
• Haptics or Touch- is communicating by touch; when we come into physical contact with other people.
• Gestures- which visible body actions communicate particular message . include movement of the hands, face, or otherparts of the body.
• Personal Space-your "bubble" - the space you place between yourself and others. This invisible boundary becomes
apparent only when someone bumps or tries to enter your bubble.

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
Types of Communication According to Mode
1. Verbal Communication
2. Non-Verbal Communication
Types of Communication According to Context
1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Extended
4. Organizational 5. Intercultural
Types of Communication According to Purpose and Style
1. Formal Communication
2. Informal Communication

Major types of communication

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION -Conversing with yourself by thinking. It is the process by which you convert raw data into
information, organize information gathered, evaluate results and reach a conclusion.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
A. One-to-One-Communication - Communication between two people.
B. Group Communication - Communication among three or more people.
Major types of communication
C. Public Communication - It is a speaker-audience communication which is used when you wish to address an audience.
D. Mass Communication - This is used when you want to reach a bigger audience in different places as the same time.
It can be in the form of radio, television, or newspaper.

COMPREHENSION QUESTION
1. How do you differentiate the types of communication in relation to communication mode?
2. Of the four approaches employed in formal organization structure, which do you think is the best? Cite situations which
will call for the use of each approach. Give one advantage and disadvantage of each.
3. How do you differentiate formal communication from informal communication in relation to purpose and style?
Provide situations to illustrate the differences.

Principles of Effective Oral Communication

1. Be clear with the purpose.
2. Be complete with the message you deliver.
3. Be concise.
4. Be natural with your delivery.
5. Be specific and timely with your feedback.
General Principles of Effective Communication
1. Know the purpose in communicating.
2. Know your audience.
3. Know your topic
4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the
situation.
5. Work on the feedback given to you.
Principles of Effective Written Communication The 7Cs
1. Be clear 2. Be concise 3. Be concrete
4. Be correct 5. Be coherent 6. Be complete 7. Be courteous
Ethics of Communication
Be guided by the following to achieve ethical communication.
1. Establish an effective value system that will pave the way for the development of your integrity as a person.
2. Provide complete and accurate information.
3. Disclose vital information adequately and appropriately.
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. How do the principles of effective oral communication differ from those of effective written communication? Do they
have similarities at all?
2. How can one observe ethics in communication?
3. Why is it important to have a code of conduct or a code of ethics?