9.

Underdeveloped financial and other markets

HIGH: Qatar LOW-MIDDLE: Armenia LOW: Central African Republic
1 Legal system that enforces contracts and validates property rights

Private ownership of The land administration Corruption is a high risk

property is protected by law
and investors perceive that
property rights are fairly
protected in Qatar (GCR
2015-2016). Foreign-
national land ownership is
limited to certain conditions
and to designated
investment zones (BTI
2016). Registering property
is easy in Qatar in
comparison with
neighboring countries;
taking 13 days and seven
procedures to accomplish
------------------------------------
carries a moderate risk of
corruption for business.
Almost three in every ten
companies expect to give
gifts to officials to obtain a
construction permits (ES
2013). Companies that are
registered by foreigners as a
business in Armenia can
buy and own land; however,
foreign individuals may
lease land, but cannot own
land without a special
residence permit (ICS
2015). Companies do not
perceive property rights to
be effectively protected
(GCR 2015-2016).
Registering property in
Armenia is much less time-
consuming compared to the
regional average; taking
seven days and requiring
three procedures
for land administration, and
negatively affects the private
sector (BTI 2016). The weak
rule of law limits the
protection of private
property (BTI 2016).
Registering property takes
investors on average 75
days (DB 2016). The
ongoing conflict exacerbates
the situation and has
around 435,000 people
displaced throughout the
country (ICRC, Feb.
2016). Private businesses
and civilians’ homes are
regularly plundered and
destroyed by militants on
both sides of the conflict.
With livestock and land
destroyed, the agricultural
economy, and the livelihood
of 75 percent of the
population has come to a
halt

10. Lingering colonial impacts such as poor institutions and often external
dependence
HIGH: Qatar LOW-MIDDLE: Armenia LOW: Central African Republic

1. Infrastructure of roads and utilities that results in low transport and communication costs so
as to facilitate interregional trade

Qatar: Qatar enjoys an extensive and highly-developed infrastructure that has been built
and developed with oil wealth since the 1950s. The country is served by a network of over
1,230 kilometers (764 miles) of primary and secondary roads, linking Doha with major
industrial and oil producing areas.
Electrical power is provided to Qataris from the Ras Aby Aboud and Ras Abu Fontas power
stations. In addition, there are 6 gas turbines and an estimated 5,000 diesel units spread
across the country. Altogether, Qatar's total power capacity is estimated at 2,019 megawatts
(MW).
Telecommunications services in Qatar are thoroughly modern. Telephone service is
provided by the Qatar Public Telecommunications Corporation (Q-Tel), which is 55 percent
government owned.
Read more: https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Qatar-
INFRASTRUCTURE-POWER-AND-COMMUNICATIONS.html#ixzz5nlfyTHSb
Armenia:
During ancient times, Armenia was located at the historic crossroads of Asia and Europe along The
Great Silk Road, making it an important center of commerce and trade. Today, Armenia has closed
boarders with two of its neighboring states, Turkey and Azerbaijan, and no port access, meaning that
the transportation of imports and exports is limited to ground transportation. With restricted access to
the region and reliance on roads built in the Soviet Era, poor transportation infrastructure in Armenia
has hurt the country’s overall economic growth and resulted in the economic isolation of rural areas.
Both of these factors have contributed to increased poverty levels in Armenia. The overall quality and
reliability of a country’s infrastructure is a critical factor for businesses in all sectors.
Armenia’s economy is currently in a stagnant state, and urgent rehabilitation of the existing road and
communication infrastructures to ensure the reliable transport of goods and services is needed.

Central African Republic:

1.

Read more: https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Central-

African-Republic-INFRASTRUCTURE-POWER-AND-
COMMUNICATIONS.html#ixzz5nlzgAxD2A well-developed and efficiently regulated
system of banking and insurance, with broad access and with formal credit markets that
select projects and allocate loanable funds on the basis of relative economic profitability and
enforce rules of payment

Qatar:

Armenia:

2. Substantial market information for consumers and producers about prices, quantities, and
qualities od products and resources as well as the creditworthiness of potential borrowers
3. Social norms that facilitate successful long-term business relationships

Limited demand and few sellers

Poorly regulated common property resources

NUMBER TEN:

Extractors of wealth rather than creators of wealth

Property rights have been less secure

Smaller society has been able to gain access to opportunity

Inequality

Problem with governance and public administration

Stolen resources

Less well organized and influential in international relations

Weaker bargaining

Source:

https://borgenproject.org/infrastructure-in-armenia/

https://borgenproject.org/infrastructure-in-the-central-african-republic/

https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Africa/Central-African-Republic-
INFRASTRUCTURE-POWER-AND-COMMUNICATIONS.html

https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Qatar-INFRASTRUCTURE-
POWER-AND-COMMUNICATIONS.html

https://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/qatar/

https://www.webuildvalue.com/en/global-economy-sustainability/qatar-100-billion-on-world-cup-
infrastructure.html

https://www.euromonitor.com/consumer-lifestyles-in-qatar/report

https://import-export.societegenerale.fr/en/country/armenia/market-consumer

https://www.heritage.org/index/country/centralafricanrepublic