Nano-Biotechnology

& its Applications

Nano-bioTechnology

Nano-
bioTechnology

Nano-
Biotechnology
technology
Nano-science

Nano-Science is the Science of Tiny Things.

Nano

A Prefix that means very, very small.

 The word Nano is derived from Greek word

‘Nanos’ meaning Dwarf. It is a prefix used to
describe “one billionth" of something, or
0.000000001.
Nano-technology

 Creation of useful materials, devices, and

systems through the manipulation of matter on
nanometer scale.

 Generally nanotechnology deals with structures

sized between 1 to 100 nanometer.
Nano-technology

 Involves developing materials, devices within that

size, which can be used for analysis and
measurement on a molecular scale.

 Inter-disciplinary Area:
Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Material science,
Electronics, Chemical Engineering, Information
technology.
Nano-Biotechnology

 Integration of Nano-sized/structured materials,

Nano-scale analytical tools, and Nano-devices into
biological sciences for development of new
biomaterials and analytical toolkits as well as for
understanding life science.
Typical characteristics of Biological events/materials

Self Assembly

Highly Efficient

Very specific :
extremely precise
Nano-Biotechnology objectives

Imaging of native biomolecules, biological

membranes, and tissues

Use of cantilever array sensors

Manipulating molecular processes in living cells

Nano-Biotechnology

 Integration of Nano-sized/structured materials,

Nano-scale analytical tools, and Nano-devices into
biological sciences for development of new
biomaterials and analytical toolkits as well as for
understanding life science.
Nano-Biotechnology applications

Biological imaging for medical diagnostics.

Advanced drug delivery systems.

Biosensors for airborne chemicals or other toxins

Regenerative medicine

More durable, rejection- resistant artificial tissues and organs

Nano-Biotechnology in cancer
 mechanism

 Thermal ablation of cancer cells assisted by Nano shells coated

with metallic layer and an external energy source.
early diagnosis

Higher sensitivity: detection of early biomarkers

Higher sensitivity: detection of early biomarkers

Genetic testing for individual therapy selection

Drug delivery

 Targeted drug delivery

 Nanoparticles containing drugs are coated with targeting agents
(e.g. conjugated antibodies)

 The nanoparticles circulate through the blood vessels and reach

the target cells Drugs are released directly into the targeted
cells.
 Applications of
nan0-technology
use in agriculture
 electronics

 Nanotechnology holds some answers for how we might increase the capabilities of
electronic devices while we reduce their weight and power consumption.
 fuel cells

 Nanotechnology is being used to reduce the cost of catalysts used in fuel

cells to produce hydrogen ions from fuel such as methanol and to
improve the efficiency of membranes used in fuel cells to separate
hydrogen ions from other gases such as oxygen.
 batteries

 Companies are currently developing batteries using nanomaterials. One such

battery will be a good as new after sitting on the shelf for decades. Another
battery can be recharged significantly faster than conventional batteries.
 space

 It may hold the key to making space-flight more practical. Advancements in

nanomaterials make lightweight spacecraft and a cable for the space elevator
possible. By significantly reducing the amount of rocket fuel required, these
advances could lower the cost of reaching orbit and traveling in space.
 fuels

 Nanotechnology can address the shortage of fossil fuels such as diesel

and gasoline by making the production of fuels from low grade raw
materials economical, increasing the mileage of engines, and making the
production of fuels from normal raw materials more efficient.
 fabrics

Making composite fabric with Nano-sized particles or fibers

allows improvement of fabric properties without a significant
increase in weight, thickness, or stiffness as might have been
the case with previously- used techniques.
 better air quality

 It improves the performance of catalysts used to transform vapors escaping from cars
or industrial plants into harmless gasses. That's because catalysts made from
nanoparticles have a greater surface area to interact with the reacting chemicals than
catalysts made from larger particles. The larger surface area allows more chemicals to
interact with the catalyst simultaneously, which makes the catalyst more effective.
chemical sensors

It enables sensors to detect very small amounts of chemical

vapors. Various types of detecting elements, such as carbon
nanotubes, zinc oxide nanowires or palladium nanoparticles
can be used in nanotechnology-based sensors.
 sporting goods

Current nanotechnology applications in the sports arena

include increasing the strength of tennis racquets, filling any
imperfections in club shaft materials and reducing the rate at
which air leaks from tennis balls.
 advantages of Nano-biotechnology

 Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of electronic

products, procedures and applications.
 Nanotechnology can also benefit the energy sector.
 Another industry that can be benefited from nanotechnology is
the manufacturing sector.
 In the medical world, nanotechnology is also seen as a boon
since these can help with creating what is called smart drugs.
dis-advantages of Nano-biotechnology

 It’s development is the possible loss of jobs in traditional farming and

manufacturing industry.
 Atomic weapons can now be more accessible and made to be more powerful and
more destructive.
 Since these particles are very small, problems can actually arise from their
inhalation.
 Minute particles, much like the problems a person gets by inhaling minute
asbestos particles.
 Presently, Nanotechnology is very expensive and developing it can cost a lot of
money.