Paraphrasing

I. Paraphrasing means restating the writer’s word with your own word, it use to make the
text more simple and shorter by changing the word with the similar word, reducing
unimportant words, or changing the place of word. Paraphrasing is an important technic
to use when writing an essay, research paper, and piece of journalism in order to avoid
plagiarism.
II. Example of paraphrasing:

I was very happy because my sister gave me a new beautiful doll, a box of milk, and slice
of cake after i got a good score on my examination

Example 1:

My sister gave me many gifts after i got a good score on my examination

This paraphrase is an example of a rewording which make the text is shorter and more
simple but still contains the same meaning.

Example 2:

Many gifts that were given by my sister made me delighted

This rephrasing maintains the same meaning but rewrite in creative way by using similar
words.

Example 3:

I was very happy because of my sister gave me many gifts after i got a good score, there
were a new beautiful doll, a box of milk, and a slice of cake

Another paraphrase, this rewording accordingly and interestingly rearranges the

information maintained in the original sentence.

III. Types of Paraphrasing

A. Change of Parts of Speech

When paraphrasing we can change part of speech in certain word to make the text
more creative and more interesting to read. For instance, we can see this example:

Parts of speech ranging from verbs and nouns to adjectives and adverbs are replaced
with new parts of speech in this type of paraphrasing. Here is an example:

Original Sentence:

The boy quickly ran across the finish line, seizing yet another victory.

Paraphrase:

The quick boy seized yet another victory when he ran across the finish line.
In this example, many parts of speech are changed: the adverb quickly becomes the
adjective quick, and the verb phrase with the gerund seizing becomes the verb seized.

B. Change of Structure

This type of paraphrasing involves changing the sentence’s structure, sometimes

creating a passive voice from an active voice and vice versa. The change in structure can
be used to reflect the writer’s interpretation of the original quote. Here is an example of
change of structure paraphrasing:

Original Sentence:

Egyptian cat were brought by many animal lover in the exhibition

Paraphrase:

Many animal lover brought Egyptian cat during the exhibition

In this example, the object of the sentence (Many animal lover) becomes the subject
with an active voice (brought) rather than a passive voice (were brought).

C. Reduction of Clauses

Reduction of clauses paraphrases reduce the number of clauses in a sentence, which can
be interruptive or confusing, by incorporating the phrases into the sentence. Here is an
example of reduction of clauses paraphrasing:

Original Sentence:

While I understand where you’re coming from, and truly respect your opinion, I wish you
would express yourself more clearly, like Clara does.

Paraphrase:

I understand where you’re coming from and respect your opinion, but I wish you would
be more like Clara and express yourself more clearly.

D. Synonym Replacement

Synonym replacement paraphrasing is one of the simplest forms of paraphrasing by

replacing words with similar words, or synonyms. Here is an example:

Original Sentence:

The older citizens were honored with a parade for those once in the military.

Paraphrase:

Senior citizens were honored with a march for veterans.

In this example, many synonyms are used: older citizens are senior citizens, a parade
becomes a march, and those once in the military refers to veterans.
 IV. The Importance of Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is a way of referencing a source without directly quoting it or of further
explaining a selected quote. Correct paraphrasing is important in that poor paraphrasing
can result in accusations of plagiarism, or copying from a source without correctly citing
it. Paraphrasing allows writers to examine the meaning of others’ work, creatively
rephrase their statements, and craft information to suit an essay or composition’s goal
or focus.

Source:

https://www.thinkingcollaborative.com/stj/types-paraphrases/

https://literaryterms.net/paraphrase/