#25 Ong, Rosemarie M.

1CPH

CHAPTER 10
1. Absorption spectrum-A graph of the relative rates of reaction of a process as influenced by different
wavelengths of light.
2. Action spectrum-action spectrum shows which wavelengths are most effective at powering a
photochemical process.
3. Antenna complex-The light-harvesting complex is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules
embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants and cyanobacteria, which transfer light to one
chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem.
4. ATP synthetase- These channels are complex sets of enzymes that can synthesize ATP from ADP
and phosphate; the entire complexis called ATP synthesizer
5. Bacteriochlorophylls -Purple bacteria and green bacteria do not containchlorophyll, either a or b,
but instead have bacteriochlorophylls
6. Cytochromes-any of a number of compounds consisting of heme bonded to a protein. It also
functions as electron transfer agents in many metabolic pathways, especially cellular respiration.
7. S- is a bacterial photosynthesis that occurs under anaerobic conditions, using the photosynthetic
electron transport chain in a non–cyclic mode and reduced inorganic electron donors, such as
hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, or ferrous ion, as electron donors.
8. Plastoquinones- transport electrons over short distances within a membrane. After they pick up
two electrons, they also bind two protons. Their long hydrocarbon tail causes them to be
hydrophobic, so they dissolve easily into the lipid component of chloroplast membranes.
9. Plastocyanin - It is a small protein that carries electrons on a metal atomans it is loosely associated
with chloroplast membranes; it can move a short distance along the surface, but it does not travel
far.
10. Quantum-action spectrum shows which wavelengths are most effective at powering a
photochemical process.
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11. Fermentation-chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms,
typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.
12. Kreb’s cycle-synonym for citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle.
13. Glycolysis-is the process of breaking down glucose
14. Cytochrome oxidase- also known as complex IV, is the terminal, or final, enzyme of the electron
transport system (this does not include ATP synthase).
15. Citric Acid Cycle - is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored
energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into
adenosine triphosphate and carbon dioxide.
16. Flavin monucleotide-Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), or riboflavin-5′-phosphate, is a biomolecule
produced from riboflavin (vitamin B2) by the enzyme riboflavin kinase and functions as prosthetic
group of various oxidore ductases including NADH dehydrogenase as well as cofactor in biological
blue-light photo receptors.
17. Holoparasites-are obligate parasites that have lost all chlorophyll, and that cannot assimilate
carbon and inorganic nitrogen on their own.
18. Aerobic respiration-In aerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule, O2. If
aerobic respiration occurs, then ATP will be produced using the energy of high-energy electrons
carried by NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain
19. Anaerobic respiration-Anaerobic respiration is the process by which cells that do not breathe
oxygen liberate energy from fuel to power their life functions’
20. Acetyl Coa-Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be
oxidized for energy production.
21. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)-Denatured alcohol is simply ethyl alcohol that has been mixed with toxic or
nauseating substances, called denaturants (these prevent the alcohol from being consumed)

22.