Final PR Report PDF

PROJECT WORK
2019
Prescribed by
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI
PROJECT REPORT ON
GREEN BUILDINGS – A Sustainable Approach
Submitted by
SOWJANYA 1BI15CV137
THIPPESH KUMAR S 1BI15CV149
VISHAL HUNDEKAR 1BI15CV166
YASHAS M GOWDA 1BI15CV171
Under the guidance of:
Mr. G C Rangnath Mr. Ashok Kumar

Associate Professor Executive Director
Dept Of Civil Engg Prayojana CMTI
BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

K.R ROAD, V.V PURAM, BANGALORE-560004
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am deeply indebted to our project guide for their invaluable and constant
guidance throughout the course of my project work .His exhaustive scholarship as
enabled me to find the solutions to the problems I faced and facilitated me to
achieve this goal easily.
I express my Hearty gratitude to our Principal Dr.M.U.Aswath for his continuous

support.
Dr.H.B. Balakrishna Professor & H.O.D dept of civil engineering has been
guiding us enthusiastically thought the project work. I am thankful to him for the
same.
I am thankful to our project guide, Mr. G.C. Rangnath Associate Professor and
the entire department of civil engineering for their enduring interest and
endeavour in course of project work.
I humbly submit my regards and respect to the entire faculty of the Dept. of Civil
Engineering for their full co-operation.
It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of

gratitude to Mr. Ashok Kumar, Executive Director at Prayojana CMTI,
Bangalore, for his careful and precious guidance which were extremely valuable
for my project.
Bearing in mind I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and

special thanks to the CEO of Solarify, Mr. Sharath and Mr. Vijay Kumar,
Owner of rainy filters , for taking part in useful discussion & giving necessary
advices and guidance . I choose this moment to acknowledge their contribution
gratefully.
I express my hearty gratitude for Engineers Of BIT, Power house and pump house
operators, canteen owner and office staff who helped me in one way or the other
during the course .
I express my hearty gratitude for all my classmates. This acknowledgement is

incomplete without mention of my parents for their unending encouragement to
lead this phase of course successfully.
ABSTRACT
The term "green building" is used to describe buildings that are designed, constructed,
and operated, to have a minimum impact on the environment, both indoor and outdoor.
In addition, rating systems that have been developed to assess the "greenness" of a
building are based largely on design features. In the coming years it will be inevitable for
us, as engineers to start building and converting the existing structures into Green
building to reduce the impact.s
In this report you will find ways by which we took our college building one step closer to
green sustainable building by making changes in the way the power and water was
consumed. We did power and water audit to see the actual consumptionin a conventional
way and work on it to decrease the consumption and find an alternate greener approach.
Also, we knew that Bangalore receives a good amount of rainfall every year, and our
college building has got good roof area coverage and used it as an advantage to install
Rain water harvesting, not only for our consumption but also to recharge the ground
water so that bore well do not dry off.
Furthermore, we have presented the ways in which renewable sources can be used to
drive electric power, the orientation of our college is such that it receives great amount of
sunlight all around the year, also our college height compliments for receiving the solar
insolation and we have provided with details how we worked on installing solar panels in
our college and we proposed how we can reduce intake of power from the grid, thus
saving money. We have worked with professionals to get our calculation right.
There is good amount of kitchen waste generated from our college canteens and hostel
which can be used to generate biogas which when produced can be re-circulated back to
canteens for cooking purpose. Also, lot of classrooms in our college lack good ventilation
and sunlight, hence we proposed ways by which we can overcome these problem and
provide a better environment for students to learn and grow.
In this report we have provided with information about evaluation of each objective ,its
methodology, financial aspects, payback period and how it will impact our environment
after its implementation.
INDEX
CONTENTS PAGE NO
1 .INTRODUCTION
1.1 General 1
1.2 Definition Of Green Building 1
1.3 Scope Of Green Buildings 2
1.4 Characteristics Of Green Buildings 2
1.5 Benefits Of Green Buildings 3
1.6 Perceptions And Realities 4
2. GREEN BUILDINGS RATING SYSTEM
2.1 Rating Systems In India 5
2.1.1 GRIHA 5
2.1.2 IGBC 5
2.1.3 BEE 5
2.2 About IGBC 6
2.3 IGBC Green Existing Buildings 7
2.3.1 Registration 7
2.3.2 Certification 8
2.4 Validity Of IGBC Existing Buildings 9
2.5 Criteria Considered For Existing Building Rating 9
2.6 IGBC Existing Buildings O And M Check Lists 10
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 Paper 1 11
3.2 Paper 2 11
3.3 Code Book Of IGBC 12
3.4 Paper 3 13
CONTENTS PAGE NO
4. EVALUATION OF RESOURCES IN BIT
4.1 Evaluation Of Resources 14
4.1.1 Inefficient Usage Of Water 14
4.1.2 Inefficient Usage Of Energy 14
4.2 Objectives Of Proposed Work 15
4.2.1 Conservation And Efficient Usage Of Water 15
4.2.2 Conservation And Efficient Usage Of Energy 15
4.3 Methodology 15
5.W ATER EFFICIENCY
5.1 Introduction 16
5.2 Water Audit 16
5.2.1 Definition 16
5.2.2 Sources Of Water 17
5.2.3 Measurement Of Quantity Of Water 17
5.3 Objective 1 19
5.4 Quantity Savings On Water By Replacing Water Fixtures 21
5.5 Objective 2 23
5.5.1 Introduction 23
5.5.2 Scope Of RWH 23
5.5.3 Definition 24
5.5.4 Methods Of Rain Water Harvesting 24
5.5.5 Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting 24
5.5.6 Components 25
5.5.7 RWH At BIT 27
5.5.8 Calculation Of Water That Can Be Collected From RWH 28
5.5.9 Cost Of Installation 29

CONTENTS PAGE NO
5.5.10 Benefits Of RWH At BIT 31
5.5.11 Summary 31
6. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
6.1 Introduction 32
6.2 Energy Audit 32
6.2.1 Sources Of Energy 32
6.2.2 Measurement Of Electricity 32
6.2.3 Electricity Consumption Of Fixtures 33
6.3 Objective 1 34
6.3.1 Calculative Comparison Between Fluorescent And LED 36
6.3.2 Calculative Comparison Between Existing And BLDC Fans 37
6.4 Objective 2 38
6.4.1 Introduction 38
6.4.2 Photovoltaic’s 39
6.4.3 Installation Of Solar Panels 40
6.4.4 Proposal For Installation Of Solar Panels In BIT 41
6.4.5 On Grid Solar Technology 42
6.4.6 Our Proposal 44
6.4.7 Technical Details 45
6.4.7.1 Solar Panels 45
6.4.7.2 Inverter 47
6.4.7.3 Cables 47
6.4.7.4 Structures 48
6.4.7.5 Earthing Arrestors 48
6.4.8 System Cost Summary 49
6.4.9 Warranty 49
CONTENTS PAGE NO
6.4.10 Maintenance Service Details 50
6.4.11 Economics Of Our Systems 50
6.4.12 Environmental Impact 51
6.4.13 Summary 51
6.5 Objective 3 52
6.5.1 Definition 52
6.5.2 Necessity Of Ventilation 52
6.5.3.Solutions 53
6.5.3.1 Solutions For Air Ventilation 53
6.5.3.2 Solutions For Poor Lighting 54
6.6 Objective 4 55
6.6.2 Summary 58
CONCLUSION
REFLECTION NOTES
REFERENCE
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig no Contents Page No

Fig 5.1 Aerator Type Tap 20
Fig 5.2 Waterless Urinal 21
Fig 5.3 Pictorial View Of RWH 25
Fig 6.1 Working Of Photovoltaic Cell 39
Fig 6.2 Off-Grid Solar System 40
Fig 6.3 On-Grid Solar System 41
Fig 6.4 Panel Arrangement On Roof 43
Fig 6.5 Comparison Of Electric Bills 44
Fig 6.6 Details Of Solar Panel 45
Fig 6.7 Performance Warranty Of Solar Panels 46
Fig 6.8 Inverter 47
Fig 6.9 Panel Frames 48
Fig 6.10 Suggested Opening In Wall 53
Fig 6.11 Sun Pipes 54
Fig 6.12 Working Of Sun Pipes 54
Fig 6.13 Flow Chart Of Biomass Electricity Generation 55
Fig 6.14 Biogas Generator 57

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO CONTENTS PAGE NO
Table 2.1 IGBC Certified Projects 6
Table 2.2 Various Rating Systems In IGBC 7
Table 2.3 Levels Of Certification Under IGBC 9
Table 2.4 Water Efficiency Credits 10
Table 2.5 Energy Efficiency Credits 10
Table 5.1 Population Details Of BIT 17
Table 5.2 Water Usage Per Day 18
Table 5.3 Count Of Water Fixtures 20
Table 5.4 Capacity Of Sumps 27
Table 5.5 Annual Rainfall Data 28
Table 5.6 Cost Of Installation of RWH 30
Table 5.7 Summary Of RWH 31
Table 6.1 Electricity Consumption Of BIT 33
Table 6.2 Consumption Rates Of Fixtures 34
Table 6.3 Electrical Fixtures Count 34
Table 6.4 Monthly Electricity Consumption Of BIT 44
Table 6.5 Electrical Parameters Of Solar Panels 45
Table 6.6 Mechanical Parameters Of Solar Panels 46
Table 6.7 Inverter Details 47
Table 6.8 System Cost Summary 49
Table 6.9 Maintenance Service Details 50
Table 6.10 Economics Of Our System 50
Table 6.11 Summary Of Solar Installation 51
Table 6.12 Data On Waste Collection 56
Table 6.13 Summary Of Biomass Energy Generation 58

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CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General.
To an ever-increasing extent, the environment is dominated by structures that
constitute the visible cultural landscape of everyday life, thus forming a complex pattern of
function and meaning in which people‟s perception of the world, their attitudes, and sense of
relationships with it are closely interrelated. With the global warming phenomena having a
profound effect on planet earth, there is a significant need in both developed, industrial
countries and developing countries to address environmental concerns, so that not just the
ecology but also human societies have a better chance of coping with environmental change.
While environmental protection tends to mean high-tech energy systems and recycled
materials in the world, the word has much broader implications in many of the developing
nations. It evokes a hope that is organic, dynamic, and ongoing in this age of rapid
globalization and modernization. It is the responsibility of the design community to not only
practice design within the context of the natural environment but also to educate people from
other disciplines about the adverse effect of bad design on health, safety, and welfare of
people and planet earth.
The term sustainability and green that are often used interchangeably have gained
recognition in the architecture, engineering and construction industry. Within the past decade
as the world has become more sensitive to the issue of the environment and global climate
change .
1.2 Definition of Green Building.
“A Green building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy usage, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to
conventional building.”
“A Green building refers to both a structure and the application of processes that
are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle
from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.”
Dept Of Civil Engg , BIT 1

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1.3 Scope of green buildings

 Energy efficiency, renewable energy, and green power.
 Water conservation and its efficient usage.
 Natural daylight and ventilation.
 Operational and maintenance savings.
 Waste reduction and recycling, and use of recycled – content products.
 Local and regional sourcing of products and materials.
 Healthy indoor environments.
 Attractive aesthetic view through green.
1.4 Characteristics Of Green Buildings
 Green building i.e. energy efficient building is the one which can reduce energy
consumption by at least 40% as compared to conventional building.
 The cost of constructing energy efficient building is estimated to be 15 – 20% higher
as compared to conventional building without energy efficiency
 An integral characteristic of a green building is its stress on protecting existing
ecologies, and improving ecologies that may have been damaged in the past
 Green buildings are usually constructed on environmentally sensitive lands or
previously developed property, with measures taken to restore plant life.
 green building operations promote material as well as water recycling in their
operation.
 Energy efficiency is one of the most important factors in almost all green building
programs.
 Careful window selection, building envelope air sealing, duct sealing, proper
placement of air and vapour barriers, use of clean energy-powered heating/cooling
systems contribute towards an energy efficient building.
 Use of renewable energy, such as solar, wind or biomass energy, to meet energy
requirements can significantly reduce carbon footprints of such buildings.

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1.5 Benefits Of Green Buildings
Green existing buildings can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible.
 The most tangible benefits are the reduction in water and energy consumption.
 The operational savings through energy and water efficiency could range from 15-
30%. 50-75% of cost savings in Cooling and heating of indoor area.
 The consumer waste generated in the building can also be substantially reduced.
 Intangible benefits of green existing buildings include enhanced air quality, health and
higher satisfaction levels of occupants.
 Usage of recycled and eco friendly building materials and resources.
Why People Are Attracted Towards Green Building..?

This question has been posed to several occupants of a green building. Of all the many
reasons, three top reasons often cited by those occupying these buildings are the following:
 Operational savings
 2. 5-8%. The incremental cost gets paid back in 3-5 years time.
 Daylights & views
 Working in an environment with access to daylight and views provides

connection to the exterior environment. This has a soothing effect on the mind.
Various studies prove that the productivity of people who have access to day.
 Lighting and views is at least 12-15 % higher.
 Air quality
 Green buildings are always fresh and healthy. Every green building will have to
purge continuous fresh air to meet the ISHRAE requirements.
 The green Buildings use interior materials with low volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions.

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1.6 Perceptions And Realities

Having covered on the benefits it is also important to know that people have different
perceptions on green building, some are correct and some are otherwise, it is important to
look at these
 Green Buildings Are Costlier.

 REALITY - Considerable research and analysis has been carried out with regard
to the cost impacts of green building. The cost could be slightly higher than a
conventional building. But then, this needs to be seen with a different paradigm.
 Green Buildings Have To Be Air –Conditioned
 REALITY - Green buildings concepts and the IGBC rating can be applied for
non-air conditioning buildings. It has been applied on three such buildings in
India viz., IGP office , Gulbarga and LIC office, Shimoga.
This kind of an approach also ensures that an apple-to-Apple comparison is made

while evaluating to Green building, weather conditioned and or not.
 Green Building Take More Time

 REALITY- There is a General perception that going the greenway may affect the
project schedules. This was perhaps the case for the CII-Godrej GBC building
when it was the first time that a green building rating to Lords being applied in
the country. The design in this case took about 1 and half years while the
construction was completed in about 9 months.

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CHAPTER 2
GREEN BUILDING RATING SYSTEMS

Whether Green buildings are really green is to be decided against the predefined rating
systems. There are three primary Rating systems in India.
2.1 Rating Systems In India
1. GRIHA
2. IGBC
3. BEE
2.1.1 Green Rating For Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is India‟s own rating system
jointly developed by TERI and the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of
India. It is a green building design evaluation system where buildings are rated in a three-tier
process.
2.1.2 Indian Green Building council (IGBC)
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) formed the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) in
year 2001. IGBC is the non profit research institution. IGBC has developed the green
building rating systems for different types of building in line and conformity with US Green
Building Council.
2.1.3 Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
BEE developed its own rating system for the buildings based on a 1 to 5 star scale. More
stars mean more energy efficiency. BEE has developed the Energy Performance Index
(EPI). The unit of Kilo watt hours per square meter per year is considered for rating the
building and especially targets air conditioned and non-air conditioned office buildings.

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2.2 About IGBC
India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and construction development. The

construction industry in India is one of the largest economic activities and is growing rapidly.
As the sector is growing rapidly, preserving the environment poses a host of challenges. To
enable the construction industry to be environmentally sensitive, CII has established the
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). IGBC is a consensus driven not-for-profit council
representing the building industry, consisting of more than 1400 committed members. The
council encourages architects, builders, developers and owners to build green to enhance the
economic and environmental performance of buildings.
The Green Building Movement in India has been spearheaded by IGBC since 2001, by
creating national awareness. The council‟s activities have enabled a market transformation
with regard to green building concepts, materials and technologies.
IGBC continuously works to provide tools that facilitate the adoption of green building
practices in India. The development of IGBC Green Existing Buildings O&M Rating System
is another important step in this direction.
The Buildings which are certified by IGBC are
Building Location Certification
Reva university Admin Block Bangalore Platinum
Bearys Global research Triangle Bangalore Platinum
CII, IGBC Head quarters Hyderabad Platinum
Jade Ganesha apartments Mumbai Gold
Bavaria Motars pvt ltd Pune Gold
Table 2.1 IGBC certified projects

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The various rating systems available under IGBC are
IGBC Green New Buildings IGBC Green Interiors
IGBC Green Existing Buildings IGBC Green Healthcare
IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Schools
IGBC Green Residential Societies IGBC Green Factory Buildings
IGBC Green Data Centre IGBC Green Existing Cities
IGBC Green Campus IGBC Green SEZs
IGBC Green Villages IGBC Green Landscapes
IGBC Green Townships IGBC Green Mass Rapid Transit System
IGBC Green Cities IGBC Green Existing Mass Rapid Transit
Govt Incentives to IGBC Projects IGBC Green Affordable Housing
IGBC Health and Well-being Rating IGBC Green Resort Rating
Table 2.2 Various Rating System In IGBC
Out of all these rating systems we have considered IGBC Green existing building rating
system. Let‟s look into details of existing buildings rating system.
2.3 IGBC Green Existing Buildings
2.3.1 Registration
Project teams interested in IGBC Green Existing Buildings O&M Certification for their
project must first register with IGBC. Projects can be registered on IGBC website
(www.igbc.in) under „IGBC Green Existing Buildings O&M‟. The website includes
information on registration fee for IGBC member companies as well as non-members.
Registration is the initial step which helps establish contact with IGBC and provides access
to the required documents, templates, important communications and other necessary
information.

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2.3.2 Certification
To achieve the IGBC Green Existing Building O&M certification, the project must satisfy all
the mandatory requirements and the minimum number of credit points. The project team is
expected to provide supporting documents at preliminary and final stage of submission for all
the mandatory requirements and the credits attempted.
The documents required for certification are :-
 A brief stating project type, age of building, different type of spaces, number of floors,
area statement, occupancy, building photographs etc.
 Narratives and supporting documentation such as calculations (in excel sheets), plans.
 Declarations contract documents, utility bills, purchase invoices, manufacturer cut-
sheets.
 Letters material test reports, etc., for each mandatory requirement credit.
 The necessary details are mentioned in this guide, under each mandatory requirement
and credit.
 Documentation is submitted in two phases – preliminary submittal and final submittal.
 The preliminary submission involves all mandatory requirements and minimum
number of credits. After preliminary submission, review is done by third party
assessors and review comments would be provided within 30 days.
 The next phase involves submission of clarifications to preliminary review queries
and final submittal. The final review will also be provided within 30 days, indicating
the rating achieved.
 It is important to note that the mandatory requirements/ credits earned during the
preliminary review are only considered as anticipated. These mandatory
requirements/ credits are not awarded until the final documents are submitted. If there
are changes in any „credit anticipated‟ after preliminary review, these changes need to
be documented and resubmitted during the final review.

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Certification Points Level Recognition
Certified 50-59 Best Practices
Silver 60-69 Outstanding Performance
Gold 70-79 National Excellence
Platinum 80-100 Global Leadership
Table 2.3 Levels Of Certification Under IGBC
2.4 Validity of IGBC Existing Buildings O&M Certification.
 IGBC Existing Buildings O&M rating is valid for a period of 3 years from the date of
issue of the certification.
 For recertification, the projects have to show compliance to the latest version of
IGBC Existing Buildings O&M rating prevailing at the time of recertification.
2.5 Criteria Considered For Existing Building Rating
IGBC Green Existing Buildings O&M rating system addresses green features under the
following categories:
1. Site & Facility Management
2. Water Efficiency
3. Energy Efficiency
4. Health & Comfort
5. Innovation
Out of these we are mainly considering Water efficiency and Energy efficiency criteria.

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2.6 IGBC Existing Buildings O&M Checklists
2.6.1 Water Efficiency (Maximum 26 Points)
WE Mandatory Water Efficient Fixtures Required

Requirement
WE Credit 1 Water Efficient Fixtures: 20%,30%,40% 6
WE Credit 2 Rain Water Harvesting: 25%, 50% 4
WE Credit 3 Waste Water Treatment, 100% 4
WE Credit 4 Waste Water Reuse, 75%, 100% 4
WE Credit 5 Water Metering 4
WE Credit 6 Turf Area: 50%, 25% 4
Total 26
Table 2.4 Water Efficiency Credits

2.6.2 Energy Efficiency (Maximum 30 Points)
EE Mandatory Energy Efficient Fixtures Required

Requirement
EE Credit 1 Improved Energy Performance : 10%, 12.5%, 14

15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%
EE Credit 2 On site Renewable Energy: 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% 6
EE Credit 3 Off Site Renewable Energy: 25%, 50%, 75% 6
EE Credit 4 Energy Metering 4
30
Table 2.5 Energy Efficiency Credits
As explained in above tables just by considering two criteria such as Water and Energy
efficiency we can achieve 50-56 points, which is sufficient to get certified by IGBC.By
knowing these advantages and applications we are interested to consider our college campus
as case study and suggest, implement some of the conservation techniques thus achieving
some of the criteria for IGBC ratings and NAAC accreditation.

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CHAPTER – 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 Paper title : Developing Green Building Concept In India.
By priyanka rajiv parikh , Bachelors of architect.
This paper gives a clear picture about green buildings, it covers almost all the aspects related
to green buildings, present scenario and future developments in it. The main topics covered
in this paper are
 Introduction to green buildings.

 Green building planning and design strategies.
 Benefits of building green.
 Characteristics of green building
 Green building product and materials and their criteria for selection.
 Cost of green buildings

 Benefits of green buildings to the owners.
After studying this paper ,we get to know about the importance , necessity and scope of the
green buildings . The topics covered in paper are more relevant and related to our project.
3.2. Paper title: Green Buildings
By: Avinash Shivajirao Pawar , Solapur University

This paper speaks all about Improving Energy Efficiency of buildings and energy systems
developing sustainable building concepts and promotes renewable energy sources.
The following topics were high lightened in this paper

 Reducing environmental impacts
 Materials
 Reduced Energy use
 Buildings rating systems which includes TERI, IPD Environmental code,
Confederation of Indian Industry(CII), Indian Bureau Of Energy Efficiency(BEE).

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 The Cost and Financial benefits of green buildings

 The issue of cost.
After studying this paper, the following conclusions can be drawn
 Measures to reduce environmental impact of buildings which account for large

amount of land use , energy and water consumption .
 It says that green buildings often include measures to reduce energy use which makes
to understand to use high efficiency windows, insulation in walls, ceilings, floors etc.
 We get to know about different rating systems and also the certifications.
 This paper will ultimately focus to serve to improve not only the energy performance
of the buildings but will also assist country conserve energy and natural resources by
increased recovery and recycling of building materials.
3.3 Code book of IGBC green Existing buildings.
The code book explains the rating system used for an existing building and also the
certification process. It considers mainly five aspects for rating the building which are
 Site & facility management

 Water efficiency
 Energy efficiency
 Health and comfort
 Innovation category
Out of these five aspects we are mainly dealing with the water efficiency and energy
efficiency. The codebook throws light on rating criteria its evaluation and documents
required for certification . It gives useful information about marks to be awarded for different
percentage of satisfying the criteria. after studying this codebook we are enlightened with
IGBC rating , evaluation process and certification process.

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3.4 Green Buildings: A Step Towards Environmental Protection

By: Department of Sustainable Environmental Design, AA school of architecture London UK.
According to this paper a Green Building can be named as an Economical building which
deals with ecological issues within or outside the building premises. This paper mainly
focuses on Green Infrastructure which consists of parks, gardens, green walls, green roofs
etc.
This paper also speaks about the following topics:-
 Urbanization.
 Conceptual Green Building.
 Benefits of Green Building.
 Materials Used in Construction.
 The Goals of Green Building.
After studying this paper,
We can know the benefits of green infrastructure in terms of health, reduction of urban heat,
and providing protection from extreme weather events such as heat waves and storms,
healthier lifestyles and recreation etc.
We also can know the different materials used in construction of green buildings which are
eco friendly and environmentally compatible such as wool brick, sustainable concrete, Solar
tiles, paper insulation and so on.
The main goal pointed out was Green building is something everyone should hope to have it,
if cannot reconstruct you may simply roll out a couple of green improvements inside your
home.

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CHAPTER 4
EVALUATION OF RESOURCES IN BIT

Bangalore Institute of Technology was started in the year 1979 with the Intention of
providing quality education in the field of technology and thereby serving our society. BIT is
having three blocks , namely Main block , Mechanical block and IM block. Out of these we
are considering only Main block for audits and considered all blocks (Whole BIT) for
resource evaluation.
4.1 Evaluation Of Resources
For our evaluation process we have considered water and energy as main parameters, so we
will be explaining in detail about the same. Following are the places where renovation can be
done to achieve green buildings criteria.
4.1.1 Inefficient Usage Of Water.
 Insufficient supply of water to washrooms and urinals.(water is not available

throughout the day in all washrooms)
 Efficient plumbing fixtures and flow controlling devices are not used.
 Wastage of water due to leakages in taps and improper closing off after its usage.
 Rain water harvesting is not implemented.
 The waste water reuse and recycling techniques are not implemented
4.1.2 Inefficient Usage Of Energy.
 Tube lights are used in classes , hallways and library which are consuming more
power and even their efficiency have reduced over years.
 Improper window openings and poor ventilation openings. Older model of Air
conditioning system which are using more power and have Freon refrigerant.
 Currently no available on campus power generation units are installed.
 Wastage of electricity due to negligence by the residents to switch off electrical
appliances before leaving the halls and class rooms.
 In spite of availability of Natural sunlight, it is not effectively utilized.

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4.2 Objectives Of Proposed Work

4.2.1 Conservation and efficient usage of water.
 Renovation of existing plumbing fixtures with efficient ones.

 Implementation of rain water harvesting technique.
4s.2.2 Conservation and efficient usage of energy.
 Replacement of existing electric fixtures with high efficient ones.

 Installation of solar panels.
 Implementation of natural ventilation process.
 Driving energy from renewable sources.
4.3 Methodology
We are carrying out study of introducing green retrofitting in any existing building
and for that purpose we have selected the campus of Bangalore institute of technology,
Bangalore, In the present project we are considering the rating system of IGBC and suggest
measures to improve the green performance of the building, thereby increasing its rating on
implementation. and also satisfying certain criteria of NAAC and NBA accreditation.

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CHAPTER -5
WATER EFFICIENCY
5.1 Introduction
Water is a precious resource, and although it flows freely from the tap, it‟s not
infinite. Green campus lawns, clean washrooms and cafeteria plates, and even air conditioned
dorms don‟t happen without using lots of water. As major institutions, colleges are serious
users of water, and although some don‟t yet recognize the need to conserve water, nowadays
many of them do. In fact, college campuses are home to some of the most innovative ideas
for water conservation, implementing water management technology, smart conservation
policies and more. Conserving water saves money in two ways by reducing the amount of
water used (which households and communities pay for it) , also saves the community
money, by lowering the impact on water and sewage treatment facilities.
In order to evaluate any resource proper analysis of resource is to be done. Thus to get a
detail picture of water and energy resources we have conducted water and energy audits
which are explained in detail.
5.2 Water Audit

5.2.1 Definition: Water Audit is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of water consumption
to identify means of Reducing, Reusing and Recycling of water.
 A water audit can help to save water and thus save money by reducing institution
water bills.
 A water audit will help reduce wastage and unnecessary use.
 It makes the students more aware and responsible.
 Water audit helps in finding suitable conservation techniques as we are already aware
of usage pattern and wastage of water.
Water audit deals with both qualitative and quantitative analysis, we restrict ourselves to
quantitative study as we don‟t need any parameters regarding quality of water.

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5.2.2 Sources of water
 Three bore wells. [Beside East wing parking, near nursing college]
 BWSSB water supply.
The water from bore wells and BWSSB supply are collected in a common underground sump
[located near pump house, opposite to dental college]. This sump serves as supply for all
buildings nearby i.e. BIT engineering college, Law college ,VV Puram Science and arts
college, Dental college, BIT hostels , canteen and kuvempu kalakshetra.
5.2.3 Measurement of quantity of water
As mentioned earlier one common sump serves as supply for all the blocks in surrounding
.But we need water consumption of BIT block exclusively . There is neither a separate pipe
supply from sump nor an exclusive energy meter. Moreover all the pipes are G.I ones its very
tedious to fix a flow meter to those pipes. Thus the other ways to measure quantity of water
are
1. According to information collected from pump house operator , the water is filled to
over head tanks thrice a day on weekdays and once on weekends.
The no of overhead tanks in BIT block are:-
 8nos - 3000L capacity
Thus for one cycle of filling yields 32,500L , three such cycles gives 97,500L/day
So average consumption can be taken as 97,500 litres/day.
2. Estimating the quantity by knowing the population and demand.
Teaching , non teaching and outsource 575

4436
UG students
200
PG students
5211
TOTAL
Table 5.1 Population Details Of BIT

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Consider total population as 5200 , According to standards the water demand for
institutions is 45 lpcd . thus total water consumption is 2,34,000 litres/day.
3. Estimating the quantity of Water by considering its individual usage .
The average demands for different works are considered for computation.
1 Drinking.
The standard demand for drinking is 5lpcd . The people in institute stays only for 6
hours (average), and the water is not available in all floors conveniently so we
consider 2 lpcd as the drinking demand.
Quantity = 2*5200= 10,400 litres per day
2. Floor cleaning.
The standard usage for floor cleaning is 1.5l/sqm . The floor area of BIT is 2914sqm
[2913.47sqm] and no floors is 7 .Thus total quantity of water is given by
2914*1.5*7= 30597litres per day.
3. Usage by fixtures.
The usage pattern of washrooms reaches maximum during 11:00 to 11:30AM [Tea
break] and almost reaches minimum during remaining hours. Any how the fixtures
will be in use only between 8 to 5PM .
Consider the population as 3000 since complete population of college will not
present in a day , and the usage as 15 lpcd [standard]
Quantity = 3000*15 = 45000litres per day
Sl.no Description Quantity[lpcd]

Drinking 10400
1
Floor mopping 30597
2
Wash rooms 45000
3
Wastage and miscellaneous 3000
4
Total 88997
Table 5.2 Water Usage per day

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Hence the water consumption is obtained in three methods . the values obtained from method
1 and 3 are likely to be accurate why because they involve practical investigation and
observations. Method 2 is completely based on theoretical standards. Finally we may
conclude that water requirement for BIT campus ranges 97500-88000 lpd.
5.3 Objective 1.
Conservation And Efficient Usage Of Water.
Up to half of the water consumed in a building is used in the bathroom. thus
conserving water in it achieves the major water efficiency. The major renovation in bathroom
is with plumbing fixtures, as they are flow controllers.
A complete data is to be collected regarding the flow of the taps/faucets, flushes, shower
heads and urinals. The flow is measured in terms of litres per minutes[LPM] for taps and
showerheads whereas litres per flow[LPF] for flushes, closets and urinals. If the flow rates
are more than the baseline criteria[IGBC standards] retrofitting is to be done.
Flow rates of Fixtures.
The flow rates of existing fixtures is measured in order to compare with the flow rates of
renovating fixtures .
1. Taps.
The Flow rates of taps is measured using the basic concept of ratio of Volume to
Time. The time required to fill one litre container is noted and ratio of volume and
time gives the flow rate. The average values of flow rates are considered Because the
fixtures are old ones which are not specified with the flow rates, and the flow rate is
the function of pressure head , it is going to vary with different floors heads.
a. Conventional type:-
For full flow 24 l/m, for half flow 13.5 l/m average flow can be taken as 18 l/m.
b. Aerator type
Average flow rate computed is 4.5 l/m
2. Urinals:-
Average flow rate is 16.5 l/m
3. Toilet flushes.
Average volume of water per flush is 8 litres.

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Total no taps ,urinals flushes are counted and listed :-
DESCRIPTION TAPS URINALS FLUSHES

C A
Ground floor 8 4 9 5
First floor 12 5 8 4
Second floor 15 4 2 2
Third floor 16 3 6 5
Forth floor 8 4 3 5
Fifth floor 6 4 5 4
Sixth floor 7 5 3 5
Seventh floor 11 3 7 7
Total 83 32 43 37
Table 5.3 Count Of Water Fixtures
 Replacing the existing conventional flow taps with star rated airflow taps/faucets.
 Faucet/tap is replaced or not, simply adding a faucet aerator can save water. Faucet
aerators replace the faucet head screen. They add air to the spray to lower the flow.
High-efficiency aerators reduce the flow from 2-4 gpm to less than 1 gpm, which is
sufficient for most bathroom sink activities. This retrofit can save from 4% to 7% of
the home's total water consumption, and aerators cost is also nominal.
Fig 5.1 Aerator Type Tap

 Flushes with aerators can be used to reduce the usage of water.
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 Sensor based flushing systems are available which sense the usage of system and
works automatically, but they involve high initial investment.
 Replacing the existing urinals with high efficient waterless urinals. The waterless
urinals don‟t release any odour of urine , it uses a chemical to seal the urine when it
enters and drains off without any new sense. Simple maintenance of liquid is required
for 6-8 months.
Fig 5.2 Waterless Urinal
5.4 Quantitative savings on water by replacing water fixtures

For this we conducted survey around the college to know the flow rate of taps on each level
of college and calculates the average discharge. Then we calculated the flow rate of taps at
different level by attaching aerators.
Conventional taps
Flow rate at full opening =24 lit/min
Flow rate at half opening =13.5 lit/min
Average flow rate = 18 lit/min
Complete discharge from all taps = 83 X 18
= 1,494 lit/min

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Urinals
Average flow rate = 16.5 lit/m
Number of urinals = 43
Total discharge/min = 16.5 x 43
= 709.5 lit
Aerator taps
Flow rate at full opening =16 lit/min
Flow rate at half opening = 10 lit/min
Average flow rate = 13lit/min
Complete discharge from all taps =83 X 13
= 1,079 lit/min
Water savings after replacements = 415 lit/min
415
Percentage saving = 𝑋 100
1,494
= 27.77%
Waterless Urinals
Hence by replacing conventional urinals with waterless urinals we can save complete water
usage.
Cost details of fixtures.

Cost of aerator tap = Rs.140
Cost of waterless urinals set = Rs.6,565
Cost of Blue Seal liquid = Rs.2,430

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5.5 Objective 2
Implementation Of Rain Water Harvesting
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION
Our earth is covered with 75% of water and 25% of land but water scarcity is a global issue
because the large extent of water is not used for the domestic purpose, irrigation purpose.
Therefore to meet ever-increasing water demands in a densely populated country like India,
reliance on groundwater is constantly increasing. However the development and use of
groundwater resources have been unsystematic, unplanned and uncontrolled. one of the
solutions for such problem is the rainwater harvesting.
In the areas of regular rainfall, the perfect alternative to overcome the water scarcity is the
collection of rainwater called as rainwater harvesting. Falling rain furnish the clean, natural
water and this is not astonishing because it s due to the distillation procedure. This harvesting
does not include the water running from land into the streams, lakes, and rivers etc. It can be
done in private building, public buildings and also in manufactured areas.
Rain water harvesting is an outcome of awareness among people regarding the water
scarcity, reutilization of waste water. As rain water harvesting – neither energy- intensive nor
labour-intensive, it can be a cost-effective alternative to other water-accruing methods. With
the water table falling rapidly, and concrete surfaces and landfill dumps taking the place of
water bodies, RWH is the most reliable solution for augmenting groundwater level to attain
self-sufficiency. This can be used for private and public buildings as well as for many
industrial areas. Beyond that rainwater harvesting plays an important role for the rainwater
management of housing estates.
5.5.2 SCOPE OF RWH
 The quantity of water that is pumped from river Kaveri to Bangalore is around
1250MLD, which costs around 1.3 crores only for pumping. Also in addition to this
around 500-600MLD is taken from ground.
 The Cauvery river basin, responsible for providing approximately 50 percent of
drinking water to the city, has gone dry.

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 70 percent of the city‟s water needs can be met by rainfall alone. This is not a small
number and neither is it a statement we can afford to ignore anymore. Because on an
average if Bangalore is covered with plastic cover we can collect around 3000MLD of
water per one rainfall.
 The capacity of water that can be collected in Bangalore is 2litres of water for 1sqft
area only for 25mm of rainfall. But the average rainfall is around 868mm per year.
Therefore much larger amount of water can be collected by our college alone which
can meet around 70% of our daily needs.
 And hence RWH is made mandatory by the government of Karnataka in Bangalore
city limits. Currently, RWH is mandatory for buildings constructed on sites measuring
60x40 sq ft. A rule to this effect was passed in 2009 and the owners of all such sites
were expected to install RWH systems within a year. But even after six years, the
number of 60x40 sites that have installed RWH is only 48,000.
5.5.3 Definition
Rain water harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water for reuse onsite, rather than
allowing it to runoff. These stored waters are used for various purposes such as gardening,
irrigation and recharging ground water etc
5.5.4 Methods of rain water harvesting
1. Surface runoff harvesting.
2. Roof top rain water harvesting.
Method we are adopting is roof top rain water harvesting.
5.5.5 Roof top rain water harvesting
It is a system of catching rainwater where it falls . in roof top harvesting, the roof becomes
the catchment , and the rain water is collected from the roof of the house or building. it can
either be stored in the tank or diverted to artificial recharge system. The method is less
expensive and very effective and if implemented properly, helps in augmenting the ground
water level of the area.

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5.5.6 Components
1. Catchment
2. Conveyance
3. Filter
4. First flush
5. Storage / recharge
Fig 5.3 Pictorial View Of RWH
1.Catchment
The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives the rainfall
and provides water to the system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a
building, or an unpaved area like a lawn or open ground. A roof made of reinforced cement
concrete (RCC), galvanised iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water harvesting.
2.Conveyance
Conveyance is by conduits. Conduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the
catchment or roof top area to the harvesting system. Commonly available conduits are made
up of material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or galvanized iron (GI).
3.Filters
Filters are used for treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity , colour and
microorganisms after first flushing of rainfall Water should pass through filters

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4.First flush
First flush is the device used to flush off the water received in first shower. the first shower
of rains need to be flushed off to avoid contaminating storable or rechargeable water by the
probable contaminants of the atmosphere and also the catchment roof. It will also help in
cleaning of silt and other materials deposited on roof during dry seasons.
When rainwater is harvested in a large rooftop area, the filtering system should accommodate
the excess flow. A system is designed with three concentric circular chambers in which the
outer chamber is filled with sand, the middle one with coarse aggregate and the inner-most
layer with pebbles. This way the area of filtration is increased for sand, in relation to coarse
aggregate and pebbles. Rainwater reaches the centre core and is collected in the sump where
it is treated with few tablets of chlorine and is made ready for consumption.
5.Storage
There are various options available once the water is collected it can be used in 2 forms
i. Storage tanks
ii. Recharging structures
i. Storage tanks
There are various options available for the construction of these tanks with respect to the
shape, size and the material of construction.
Shape: Cylindrical, rectangular and square.
Material of construction: Reinforced cement concrete, (RCC), ferrocement, masonry, plastic

(polyethylene) or metal (galvanised iron) sheets are commonly used.
Position of tank: Depending on space availability these tanks could be constructed above
ground, partly underground or fully underground. Some maintenance measures like cleaning
and disinfection are required to ensure the quality of water stored in the container.
ii. Recharging structures
Rainwater may be charged into the groundwater aquifers through any suitable structures
like dug wells, bore wells, recharge trenches and recharge pits.

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Various recharge structures are possible - some which promote the percolation of water
through soil strata at shallower depth (e.g., recharge trenches, permeable pavements) whereas
others conduct water to greater depths from where it joins the groundwater (e.g. recharge
wells). At many locations, existing structures like wells, pits and tanks can be modified as
recharge structures, eliminating the need to construct any structures afresh.
5.5.7 RWH At BIT
Pre-requisites done at the college
 We have done the reconnaissance survey at our college with the Engineer of rainy
filters and located all the UGRs(underground reservoirs). i .e one common
underground sump located near pump house, opposite to dental college , 3 bore wells
and also one sump that is located in the quadrangle of BIT.
 Capacity of sumps have been calculated.
Sl no Sump location Dimensions Capacity [ litres]
near pump house 6.8*4*2.42 65824

1
In quadrangle 5.3*4.35*2.2 50721
2.
Table 5.4 Capacity of sumps

 Cadd drawings were prepared and the roof area has been calculated.
 Annual average rainfall of Bangalore is collected from Meteorological department.

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Sl no Year Average rainfall(mm)

1 2008 750.7
2 2009 712.5
3 2010 1120.4
4 2011 635.2
5 2012 713.2
6 2013 782.5
7 2014 826
8 2015 1072
9 2016 951
10 2017 1115.2
Average rainfall 868.00
Table 5.5 Annual Rainfall Data
5.5.8 Calculation Of Water That Can Be Collected From The RWH
Method 1
The total roof area of BIT is 31,388sqft. For 1 sqft area we can collect around 2lts of
water. Therefore for a rainfall of 25mm we can collect around 62,780 litres of water. This
water can be diverted to sump in quadrangle and the overflow can be taken to infiltration
well [ bore well] or sump near pump house. The average rainfall of the Bangalore is
868mm per year , therefore on an average we can collect 25,11,400 litres of water per
year. This is the minimum amount of water collected for a normal rainfall but cyclones
will add to extra benefit.
Method 2
By considering the actual average rainfall of Bangalore i.e. 868mm, area of roof i.e.
2916sqm and the efficiency factor as 0.8, amount of water that can be collected is
20,24,870lts .
Total water that can be collected = Roof Area X Annual Rainfall X Run Off Coefficient
Total water that can be collected =2916 X 868 X 0.8 = 20,24,870 litres.

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5.5.9 COST OF INSTALLATION
SL No DESCRIPTION QTY UOM PRICE Total
1 90mm RWH Pipe 4Kg Pn4 6 Mtrs 208 1248
2 90mm Right angled adapter 10 Nos 148 1480
4 110mm Right Angled Adapter 40 Nos 176 7040
5 110mm Equal Tee 25 Nos 217 5425
6 110mm 45 Deg Bend 40 Nos 185 7400
7 110mm Coupler 20 Nos 139 2780
8 110mm x 40mm Reducer Coupler 7 Nos 152 1064
9 110mm x 90mm Reducer Coupler 6 Nos 181 1086
10 110mm x 160mm Reducer 10 Nos 276 2760

Coupler
12 160mm Right Angled Adapter 10 Nos 496 4960
13 160mm Equal Tee 15 Nos 578 8670
14 160mm 45 Deg Bend 15 Nos 592 8880
15 160mm Coupler 10 Nos 367 3670
16 Fastener unit [coach bolts, 1 Nos 4500 4500

wooden gutta, pluggers, solvent
cement]
17 L Angled hot spray galvanised 175 Nos 220 38500

antirust powder coated special
clamp
18 U Bolts & Nuts 175 Nos 48 8400

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19 RWH FILTER 3 Nos 20975 62925

RAINY FL- 500 Filter
[First of its kind, Wall mounting,
Maintenance free, Self Cleaning,]
20 INSTALLATION Nos 1250 3750

Installation Of Filter 3
Installation Of Rainwater Pipeline 260 Mtrs 156 40560

By Skilled
Technicians and supervised by the
site Engg [In mtrs]
Trenching, Core Hole & Redoing

35 Mtrs 450 15750
21 Transportation 1 Nos 2500 2500
TOTAL 329498
SGST @ 9% 29655
CGST @ 9% 29655
GRAND TOTAL 388808
Table 5.6 Cost Of Installation Of RWH

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5.5.10 BENEFITS OF RWH AT BIT
 The average water demand of bit is around 88000lts per day. The quantity of water
collected for 25mm rainfall is 62,780lts. Therefore this water meets around 70% of
daily demand.
 As there is no intake of groundwater during rainy days pumping cost from bore wells
will be reduced.
 There is an additional benefit of RWH i.e. ground water table can be recharged which
indirectly adds to social responsibility.
5.5.11 SUMMARY
SL.NO PARAMETERS VALUES
1. Roof area 2916 sqm
2 Average rainfall 868.00mm
3. Total amount of water that can be collected

at BIT
Method 1 25,11,400lts
Method 2 20,24,870lts
4. Capacity of sump in quadrangle 50721lts
5. Capacity of sump near pump house 65824lts
6. Total cost of installation 3,88,808/-
Table 5.7 Summary Of RWH

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CHAPTER 6
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
6.1 INTRODUCTION
Few problems facing mankind today rival the importance of using the earth's
exhaustible energy resources efficiently. The fundamental economic question is: how fast
should we consume our low-cost resources, which, most efficiently, should be used before
our more expensive resources. A set of forecasts and evaluations of the market - determined
the economically efficient paths of energy production and consumption over time is
presented. Quantitative estimates are developed through the use of a model, describing the
efficient and market-determined allocations of energy resources over time under a number of
scenarios. Scenarios are also structured to evaluate issues related to the environmental costs
of energy use, particularly the build-up of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which could lead to
major climatic changes over the next 200 years if market forces are unchecked. The basic
theory of markets for depletable resources precedes the discussions of the findings from the
model and the analysis of alternative energy technology development decisions.
6.2 ENERGY AUDIT
Energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in
a building or system to reduce the amount of energy input to the system.
 To minimize energy costs/ waste without affecting production and quality.

 Energy audit helps in finding suitable conservation techniques.
6.2.1 Source of energy
The solitary source of energy in BIT campus is electricity which is supplied by BESCOM
W2 station Chamarajpete through BIT substation.
6.2.2 Measurement of electricity
As explained in water audit the scenario with the energy is also same .A master energy meter
is installed near supply station which supplies power to all buildings nearby i.e BIT engg
college, Law college ,VV Puram Science and arts college, Dental college, BIT hostels ,
canteen and kuvempu kalakshetra. There is no exclusive energy meter for BIT block .

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Power house operators installed internal energy meters in various blocks in order to make
separate payment of the electric bills, Thus the quantity of electricity is obtained by
deducting the consumption of all other blocks from total consumption.
Table 6.1 Electricity consumptions of BIT
6.2.3 Electricity Consumptions Of Fixtures.
The consumptions of existing fixtures is measured in order to compare with the

consumptions of renovating fixtures . The actual consumption of individual fixture will be
different from the consumption rate to which it is specified or standardised. Hence we have
randomly selected the fixtures and tested in laboratory for its consumption rate . As the test
involves procedure related to electrical engineering we had taken the help of the faculty of
that department.

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Sl No Fixture Consumption
Rate[Watts/Hour]
1 Tube light[florescent] 46.9
2. LED 38
3. Fan 39-60
Table 6.2 Consumption Rates Of Fixtures
Total no lights and Fans are counted and listed
DESCRIPTION TUBE LIGHTS LED FANS
Ground floor 242 46 79
First floor 212 9 83
Second floor 205 30 54
Third floor 209 0 99
Forth floor 196 36 56
Fifth floor 235 6 86
Sixth floor 132 53 84
Seventh floor 207 0 114
Total 1638 180 655
Table 6.3 Electrical Fixtures Count

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6.3 Objective 1
Replacement Of Existing Electric Fixtures With High Efficient Ones.
 low power consuming lighting fixture i.e. LED‟s

A complete survey of power consumption by tube light and their luminous intensity
by measuring the watts consumption(ISHRAE) and lux meter. Replacing the current
light fittings with the present day LEDs which are more effective and efficient.
The most popular light bulbs available are halogen incandescent, compact fluorescent
lamps (CFLs), and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Although they can initially cost
more than traditional incandescent bulbs and tube light but during their lifetime they
save you money, because they use less energy.
 LED Tube save energy to the tune of 50 - 60% compared to standard fluorescent
tube light
 LED Tube life is around 35,000 - 40,000 hrs VS standard tube light life of just
4000 hrs ( So 10 Times more life compared to std tube light )
 LED Tube have instant ,Flicker free operation VS std tube light which has
flickering while starting.
 LED Tube does not need starter /ballast(Choke ) as they are integrated ,in
standard tube light you need the same.
 LED Tube light Power factor is > 0.9 compared to 0.5 in std tube light with EM
Ballast.
 Replacing with higher star rating fans and AC‟s and using eco-friendly
refrigerants.
Installing fans and ACs of new model which has higher star ratings which provide same
function or work for low power consumption Making sure all the appliances are BEE rated with
higher star ratings. Using the low carbon emitting refrigerants or Eco-friendly refrigerant than
ferons. However, ceiling fans have very good scope in reducing power consumed using a
technology called Brushless DC motor or BLDC.

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6.3.1 Calculative comparison between fluorescent and LED tube light
The light-emitting diode (LED) Lights is environment friendly and more secure than
fluorescent because it works at much lower temperatures. An incandescent bulb gives off
more energy as heat rather than light, something to do with the resistance of a Tungsten
filament, therefore LED is considered better than fluorescent even when the lumens per watts
is the same. In our college there is total of 1638 tube lights all around the building i.e. in
corridors, libraries, laboratories, classrooms, staffrooms etc.
Existing tube-lights (Wipro-35watt, 6500k)
 Total tube lights of 35watt = 1638
 Recorded watt consumption of each tube light = 46.5 watts
 Monthly consumption by tube lights (Actual) = 0.5 X 1638X 46.5 X 5 X 28
= 5332 units/month
New LED tube-lights
 Watt consumption by LED tube-light = 20 watts
 Total energy consumed by LED tube-light = 0.5 X 1638 X 20 X 5 X 28
= 2294 units/month
 Total energy saved units/month = 5332-2294 =3038
 Savings in cost per month = 3038 X 9 = Rs.27,350/-
 Cost of each LED light = Rs.350(lifetime-40,000 hrs.)
 Cost of each fluorescent tube light = Rs.80 (lifetime- 15,000 hrs.)
The light emission , efficiency ,lifetime and cost of products vary with the different brands,
so we cant get a clear picture in terms of number of fixtures. Thus savings is indicated in
terms of units of electricity.

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6.3.2 Calculative comparison between existing and BLDC fans
Ceiling Fans are arguably the most ignored appliance when it comes to energy savings.
People talk about big appliances like AC and refrigerator consuming a lot of energy. But
what most people do not understand is that Ceiling Fans cumulatively consume more
electricity than a refrigerator in a house. In fact, after Air Conditioners (if used), it is the
second biggest contributor to electricity bills of any household.
In our own building we have 655 fans and most of them are outdated and are consuming too
much power to produce less energy than what it used to consume during initial stages.
According to data we collected from electrical department, currently the average
consumption of fan is 39-60 watt/hr. below we have elaborated how we can save energy by
replacing the existing fan (USHA company) with BLDC fans.
Existing fan
 wattage consumption of existing fans = 39 (1speed) – 60 (5 speed) watts
 Power consumption per hour = 0.039-0.06 ~0.05 units
 Daily electricity consumption =0.05 X 6 = 0.3 units
 Monthly consumption by all fans = 0.6 X 655 X 0.3 X 28
= 3300 units
BLDC fans
 Power consumption per hour = 0.03 units
 Daily electricity consumption =0.18 X 6 =0.18 units
 Monthly consumption by replacing =0.6 X 655 X0.18 X 28
all fans with BLDC fans =1980 units
Monthly savings that can be achieved by replacing the fans = (3300-1980) X 9= Rs.11,880
With the above calculation, you would have already realized the cost-benefit of having a
BLDC fan. Energy saving is the key forte of BLDC fans. BLDC fans would be way forward
in future.

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6.4 Objective 2
INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANELS.
6.4.1 INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-
evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaic‟s, solar thermal energy, solar
architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.
It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized
as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar
energy or convert it into solar power. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic
systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating to harness the energy. Passive
solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favourable
thermal mass or light-dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.
Solar energy incident on the earth‟s surface primarily depends on parameters like geographic
location, earth-sun movements, tilt of the earth‟s rotational axis and atmospheric attenuation
due to suspended particles. The intensity of solar energy insulation quantifies the solar
resource potential or availability of a region. A techno-economic analysis of the solar power
technologies and a prospective utilization of wasteland in each taluk demonstrate the
immense power generation potential with the prospects of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission
reduction. Karnataka has a very good solar potential which gets an average insolation more
than 5 kWh/m2/day, having about 300-330 clear sunny days. The study deals with the
prospects and opportunities to harvest nature‟s bountiful solar potential to meet the
decentralized energy demand by all regions and activities.
Solar technologies are characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they
capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different
levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar
energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies,
other than geothermal power and Tidal power, derive their energy either directly or indirectly
from the Sun.

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Active solar techniques use photovoltaic‟s, concentrated solar power, solar thermal
collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques
include selecting materials with favourable thermal properties, designing spaces that
naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun. Active solar
technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies,
while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally
considered demand side technologies.
The government support and encouragement for decentralized rooftop generation would
significantly contribute to meet the present and future electricity demand of the state. A
generation based incentive (GBI) would encourage decentralized electricity generation at
individual rooftops. Some of the other initiatives to be taken are
1. Solar public and road lighting,
2. RE based generation in government organizations and infrastructure,
3. Implementation of solar rooftop generation in existing govt.
Building and financial encourage for the same. Switching over to RE technologies would
also help in bringing down GHG emission and pressure on dwindling stock of fossil fuels.
6.4.2 Photovoltaic’s
In the last two decades, photovoltaic (PV), also known as solar PV, has evolved from a pure
niche market of small scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source.
A solar cell is a device that converts light directly into electricity using the photoelectric
effect.
Fig 6.1 Working of photovoltaic cell

PROJECT WORK 2019
6.4.3 INSTALLATION OF SOLAR PANELS
Photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant is used for larger development of solar power
generation. In a solar roof top system, the solar panels are installed on the roof of any
residential, commercial, institutional and industrial building. The solar roof top system may
come up with storage facility using battery or grid connected.
Solar PV cells converts sunlight to generate electricity through a photovoltaic process.
There are two types of solar PV systems: Off-grid and On- grid connected.
Off-grid system is not connected to the electricity grid and therefore requires battery storage.
An off-grid solar system must be designed appropriately so that it will generate enough
power throughout the year and have enough battery capacity to meet the building‟s
requirements, even in the depths of winter when there is less sunlight. The high cost of
batteries and inverters makes off-grid systems more expensive than on-grid systems and so
are usually only needed in remote areas [far from any electricity grid] .
Fig 6.2 Off Grid Solar System
On-grid or Grid-tie solar systems are by far the most common and widely used by homes
and businesses. These systems are connected to the public electricity grid and do not require
battery storage.

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Any solar power that you generate from an on-grid system (which is not used directly in
buildings) is exported onto the electricity grid and you usually get paid a feed-in-tariff (Fit)
for the energy you export.
Fig 6.3 On Grid Solar System
6.4.4 Proposal For Installing Solar Panels In Bit
This proposal provides an outline and estimate of costs for installing a solar energy
system for our Institution at Bangalore. This estimate is based on our average monthly
electricity usage and roof space available at our institution. The goal is to utilise the idle roof
space to get financial savings while using solar energy.
By installing an on-grid solar energy system at our institution, we will be able to:
 Reduce our electricity bills.
 Become an independent power producer.
 Secure our self from electricity price hikes.
 Lead the way for green institution.

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6.4.5 On-Grid Solar Technology
How It Works
 During the daytime (10 am to 4 pm), loads like lighting, fans, computers, servers, and
other 5A circuits are run directly from solar. In case the requirement is more, power
will be drawn from the grid.
 Any excess power generated is sent back to the grid via the net metering technology.
 During night-time, the loads if any, are run directly from the grid.
 However, if the grid power shuts down, then solar inverter will also shut down due to
Anti-Islanding technology.
Impact
 All the loads are powered by solar energy.
 Using net metering, the solar energy system generates as much power as you
consume.
 Save up to 100% on your monthly electricity bills.
Total roof area is measured for estimating the number of solar panel that can be installed.
Solar panels are aligned north-south to expose the Panel to sunlight for a greater period of
years. Energy can be saved up to 40-50% of monthly energy consumption. In our college we
can install solar panel on the roof and thus can cut down the power intake from BESCOM.
For solar energy installation, we approached a startup company named solidify run by Mr.
Sharath the first step involved was site reconnaissance done by 2 engineers from the solidify.
A site investigation was done in college. Following were the prerequisite required before
moving to the next stage of installation

PROJECT WORK 2019
Fig 6.4 Panel Arrangement On Roof

PROJECT WORK 2019
For BIT, Bangalore
Average Monthly Monthly Electricity Average Electricity Proposed Solar

Electricity Bill Consumption Tariff Rate Energy System
INR 7,10,000 73,500 kWh INR 9.25 256 kWp, On-Grid
Table 6.4 Monthly consumption of BIT

A rooftop solar plant of size 1 kW will generate 4 – 4.5 units of electricity on an average day.
Electricity bills
INR 25,000,000
INR 20,000,000
INR 15,000,000
INR 10,000,000 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
Bill before solar(Rs) Bill after solar(Rs)
INR 5,000,000
Fig 6.5 Comparison Of Electricity Bills Before and After Installation.
INR 0
6.4.6 OUR PROPOSAL
Based your annual electricity consumption pattern we recommend a 256 kWp, On-Grid solar
energy system to be installed on your roof space. This system will be on a net- metering
connection synchronized with BESCOM‟s electricity grid. This system will generate enough
power to reduce your electricity bills for the next 25 years.

PROJECT WORK 2019
6.4.7 TECHNICAL DETAILS
6.4.7.1 Solar Panel
Engineers (Solarify) recommend the use of Vikram Solar Panels. They are manufactured in
India, and provide the best performance amongst its various competitors in India.
Vikram Eldora Grand Ultima Silver Series–Polycrystalline Cells–72 Cells–330 Watt
Electrical Parameters
Peak Power Maximum 330 Wp
Voltage 38.4 V
Table 6.5 Electrical Parameters Of Solar Panel
Fig 6.6 Details Of Solar Panels

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Mechanical Data
Length × Width× Height Weight 1956 mm × 992 mm × 40 mm
Weight of panel 27 kg
Frame Anodized aluminium

frame with twin wall profile
Mechanical Load 5400 Pa

Test
Warranty and Certifications
Product Warranty 10 Years
Performance Linear power
Warranty warranty for 27 years

with 2.5% for 1st
year degradation
and 0.67% from year
2 to year 27
Table 6.6 Mechanical Parameters Of Solar Panel
Fig 6.7 Performance Warranty Of Solar Panels

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6.4.7.2 Inverter
Engineers recommend the use of Delta Inverters. These inverters provide the best in class
performance in this price range and are used by majority Rooftop Solar plants all over India.
Technical Data
Max DC Power 5425 W
Max input DC voltage 1000 V
Rated Power (@230V, 50 Hz) 50 kW
Maximum Efficiency 97.5%
Dimensions (W/H/D) 482x470x167 mm
Weight 21 kg
Table 6.7 Inverter Details
Fig 6.8 Inverter
6.4.7.3 Cables
 The unique capability of wire harness of connecting parallel strings eliminates the use
of array junction box.
 2-wire harnesses are used in each array one for connecting all the positive terminals at
one side and negative terminals at the other side.

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6.4.7.4 Structures
 Solar Photovoltaic panels connected in series and in parallel giving a DC output out
based on incident irradiance.
 Intensity of the sunlight will be maximum utilized when incident irradiation is
perpendicular to PV module, hence Orientation and tilt of these panels are important
design parameters, as well as shading from surrounding obstructions.
 Structures will be made of galvanized mild steel/ aluminium based on site soil and
wind load parameters.
Fig 6.9 Panel Frames
6.4.7.5 Earthing Arrestors
The frames of all electrical equipment & structural work will be earthed by connection to the
earth grid by branches of same cross sectional area of earth grid.

PROJECT WORK 2019
6.4.8 SYSTEM COST SUMMARY
Component Cost
1 SOLAR PANELS (330 W)
2 ON-GRID INVERTER
Rs. 1.15 Crore +
3 WIRING + MOUNTING + ACDB + DCDB +
tax*
EARTHING
4 LABOUR + INSTALLATION + TRANSPORT
SUB TOTAL
Table 6.8 System Cost Summary

*Tax on Solar Power Plant is 5% on 70% of system cost and 18% on 30% of system
cost
Cost of system installation includes the following aspects

 Design, procurement, Installation and Testing of above mentioned on-grid system.
Our scope is up to the AC interconnection point
 Supply and Installation of Polycrystalline modules for above-mentioned system from
Tier-1 make to be finalized at the time of PO.
 Supply and Installation of Grid-tied Inverter (Delta or equivalent to be finalized at the
time of PO).
 Supply and Installation of the Aluminium mounting structures with clamps.
 Supply and Installation of Junction boxes and Earthing kit.
 Supply and Installation of Web based Data logger for monitoring the generation (if
opted for)
 We will facilitate with documentation of net-metering application process if opted for.
6.4.9 Warranty
 Modules will have 10 years standard product warranty (modules with total 25 year
performance warranty – 20% power fall limit at the end of 25th year).
 Delta Inverter comes with 5 years of manufacturer‟s Warranty.
 All other equipment vendors give only 12 months warranty, which will be passed on
to you.

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6.4.10 Maintenance Service Details

This includes quarterly routine system check-up and fixing general wear and tear. The
costing is as follows:
Free Maintenance Period AMC Cost After Free Maintenance
3 years 2% of project cost
Table 6.9 Maintenance Service Details
Note: Cleaning of the panels is not covered under maintenance. This will be charged extra, if
needed. We suggest that the client take this up
Maintenance Required
In an on-grid system, the maintenance is very minimal as there are no periodic replacement
parts like battery. The only requirement is to clean up the panels once a week with a wet
cloth using soft cloths
6.4.11 Economics Of Our System
System capacity 256kW
Average cost per kW of solar 45000/-
Total system cost 1,15,20,000/-
Electricity price [incl tax] 9.25/-per unit
Monthly savings 2,84,160/-
Yearly savings 34,09,920/-
Payback period 3.5-4 years
Table 6.10 Economics Of Our System

BESCOM tariffs are increasing at a rate of 5% to 7% every year. By using solar
power, we will be protected from any tariff rise in the future.

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6.4.12 Environmental Impact

Generating solar power is 100% pollution free. Generating 1 unit of electricity from a
thermal power plant produces 870g of CO2 emissions.
 Which powers 72 Indian homes for a year.
 Equivalent to driving 40 Tesla cars.
 Having 2 new Lalbaghs in the city.
 Deforestation of 50 football ﬁelds.
 Avoiding mining of 230 tons of Coal.
6.4.13 Summary Of Solar Installation.
PARTICULARS QUANTITY
Avg power consumption in BIT 84,000 units/month
One solar panel produces 330 watts
Roof area available 2916sqm
Dimension of one solar panel 992*1956mm
Total solar panel 778
Electricity produced 778*330
Total capacity of plant 256Kw
1kw produces 4 units/day
Total units produced /day 256*4 =1024 units/day
For 1 month 30720 units/month
% reduction in power 36.6%

consumption due to solar
Table 6.11 Summary Of Solar Installation

PROJECT WORK 2019
6.5 Objective 3
Implementation Of Natural daylight and Ventilation.
6.5.1 Definition
Ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through a space by natural means
it can be achieved with open able windows or vents. Natural ventilation and air
movement can be simply achieved by „structural controls‟ as it does not depends on any
form of external energy supply or mechanical installation.
6.5.2 Necessity Of Ventilation
The purpose of providing natural ventilation is to achieve maximum human comfort in

indoor by utilizing maximum natural energy and resources. Lighting can account for up to
25% of a buildings energy costs. Using natural lighting can lead to substantial savings in
your energy bills. In the tropical, climates care has to be taken not to provide too much
natural light since it comes along with the heat and there has to be considerable amount of
cross ventilation to avoid heat accumulation.
Natural light is not without its issues. These include glare, overheating, variability and
privacy issues, since transparent materials must be used. Care has to be taken to increase
the positive aspects of using natural light in buildings and decrease the negative. It is
important to let hot air escape from rooms and if there is a window, most of us would
open it to let air circulate. However, if the room in question is windowless or below
ground a different solution is needed. So, when designing rooms within buildings,
especially core spaces, basements and windowless areas, ensuring there is good fresh air
ventilation is equally as important as high levels of natural light.
Necessity of Natural ventilation in our college
If we look at our college orientation, it‟s perfectly aligned to north direction and the
primary wind direction in Bangalore is south-west. During the months between January
and March and October and December the wind direction is from north-east to south –
west and between April and September it is from south-west to north-east. Making the
inner portion of our building mainly north wing and south wing insusceptible to air flow.
Due to this reason the hot air generated from breathing, body heat and machines is
trapped inside the room increasing the temperature of classrooms.

PROJECT WORK 2019
If we look at the classrooms on the inner portion our college, they have only one direction
for flow of air into the room and blocked by wall on opposite side with no space to
escape. In cases when classes are fully packed the need of ventilation is even more
important to maintain CO2 level and the temperature of the classrooms. Furthermore,
during winter and rainy season due to cloudy weather the classrooms facing north, south-
west and south-east direction receive less sunlight compared to south facing classrooms.
6.5.3 Solution for Above problem
6.5.3.1 Solution for Air ventilation
Solution 1: we can provide an opening in the upper 1/3rd portion of the exposed wall to
facilitate stack effect so that all the warm air collected in upper portion of rooms moves
out and circulation of air takes place. Rectangular openings can be provided at proper
intervals to increase the efficiency.
Fig 6.10 Suggested Openings In Wall
Solution 2: installing mechanical ventilation heat recovery units. The system is designed
to automatically provide trickle ventilation, heat recovery ventilation and secure night
time cooling. It also boosts levels of ventilation during summer or during periods of high
CO2.The MVHR system can complement natural ventilation provided by being
integrated with manual or automatic windows/louvres, either via a single sided or cross
flow ventilation strategy. The system comprises an intelligent and fully automatic control
system which switches between operational modes dependent on external/internal
temperature conditions and indoor air quality (IAQ).

PROJECT WORK 2019
s6.5.3.2 Solution for poor lighting.
Fig 6.11 Sunpipes
Sunpipe is a Natural Lighting system that maximizes the concept of renewable energy by
channelling natural daylight from roofs to indoor environments. Sunpipes create healthier,
cost-effective and more productive environment. Sunpipe are also designed for optimum
efficiency and long working life, offering a 10 year guarantee.
Working of sunpipe
Fig 6.12 Working of Sunpipes
The sunpipe system collects daylight using a patented high impact acrylic Diamond
Dome, passing it through a super- silver mirror finished aluminium tube which reflects
and directs the Natural Daylight to the diffuser. The diffuser distributes the natural
daylight evenly in the room.

PROJECT WORK 2019
6.6 Objective 4
Driving Energy From Renewable Sources.
We know that renewable resources are resources which are naturally replenished on a human
timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Apart from
sunlight and wind , Biomass is one such important renewable resource which can be
accessed for energy production very easily. There are several methods to convert biomass
into electricity. The first one is simply to burn biomass directly, heat water to steam, and
sending it through a steam turbine, which then generates electricity.
The second way requires gasification of biomass. A biomass gasifier takes dry biomass,
such as agriculture waste, and with the absence of oxygen and high temperatures
produces synthesis gas (CO + H2), also known as pyrolysis of biomass. The gasification
process turns wet biomass, such as food waste and manure, into methane (CH4) in a
digestion tank. Both methane and synthesis gas (syngas) can be used in a gas engine or a
gas turbine for electricity production.
Fig 6.13 Flowchart Of Biomass Electricity Generation

PROJECT WORK 2019
Kitchen waste is organic material having the high calorific value and nutritive value to
microbes, that‟s why efficiency of methane production can be increased by several order
of magnitude. Also in most of cities and places, kitchen waste is disposed in landfill or
discarded which causes the public health hazards and diseases like malaria, cholera,
typhoid. Inadequate management of wastes like uncontrolled dumping bears several
adverse consequences: It not only leads to polluting surface and groundwater through
leachate and further promotes the breeding of flies, mosquitoes, rats and other disease
bearing vectors. Also, it emits unpleasant odour & methane which is a major greenhouse
gas contributing to global warming.
In our campus we have two hostels [BIT men‟s hostel and KINS hostel]and both are
having their own individual mess and two canteens [ trupti and upahaar darshini] ,where
daily a large amount of kitchen waste is obtained which can be utilized for better
purposes. Biogas production requires Anaerobic digestion. Aim is to Create an Organic
Processing Facility to create biogas which will be more cost effective, eco-friendly, cut
down on landfill waste, generate a high-quality renewable fuel, and reduce carbon dioxide
& methane emissions. Overall by creating biogas reactors on campus in the backyard of
our hostels will be beneficial.
Normally bioreactors will be constructed near the waste generating source and it should
be in backyards of building so that any nuisance should be avoided. In this project we are
proposing to install readily available bio reactors. Because these are easy to install,
readily available, good aesthetic view, suitable for congested places [for our campus]. For
that many biogas units are available in market one such system is HBT-BG-2000, a
model developed by Era Hydro- Biotech Energy Private Limited.
Survey conducted by us for a period of 1 week following details are recorded

Days of week Waste collected in (kg)
Monday 82
Tuesday 96
Wednesday 103
Thursday 93
Friday 87
Saturday 108
Average waste per week 94.83
Table 6.12 Data On Waste Collection

PROJECT WORK 2019
This waste can be utilized to generate biogas and also electricity. For that many biogas
units are available in market one such system is Nano Biogas plant -500, a model
developed by Biotech India.
1 kg of waste will produce 0.04 m3 of biogas. Hence,1/0.04 = 25 kgs is required to

produce 1 m3 of Biogas. The capacity of one unit is 20-30kg thus one unit produces
approximately 1m3. We know that 1m3 of biogas is equivalent to 0.45kg of LPG.
The average waste produced by our canteen is 80~90kg so we require 4 units so that we
can completely utilize the waste generated. Total amount of biogas produced by all four
units is 3.2 m3(equal to 1.44kg of LPG). per day
Fig 6.14 Biogas generator

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6.6.2 Summary
Sl Description Value
no
1 Qty of waste feed, Kg/day 20 -30
2 Amount of Bio gas produced (avg) 1m3
3 Equivalent saving in LPG(approx.) 0.45 kg
4 Space required 6 m2
5 Water required Lit/day 20
6 Duration of gas production Normally gas production starts after

10-14days after installation. Gas
generates as per amount of feeding.
7 Resultant slurry The resultant slurry mass produced

from these Bio gas plants, is a rich
fertilizer.
8 Cost 22000 per unit

Table 6.13 Summary Of Biomass Energy Generation

PROJECT WORK 2019
REFLECTION NOTES
Project Outcomes.
1. Conservation, efficient usage, reuse and recycling of water is achieved in campus.

2. Conservation, efficient usage, regeneration of energy is achieved in campus.
3. Some of the criteria for the IGBC ratings are satisfied after renovation.
4. Some of the environmental criteria in NAAC accreditation are satisfied after
implementation of retrofitting.
Non-Technical Outcomes
1. Team work
2. Report generation and presentation skills
3. Personality development
4. Time management

PROJECT WORK 2019
CONCLUSION
In this project “Green Building: A Sustainable Approach” we have tried to incorporate
the green building concepts to our college building. Green or sustainable building is the
practice of creating healthier and more resource efficient model of construction,
renovation, operation, maintenance experience increasingly demonstrate that when
buildings are designed and operated with their lifecycles impacts in mind, they can
provide great environmental, economic and social benefits.
We have conducted water audit and power audit to know the total system consumption.
Based on the data collected on water and energy we have provided effective solutions to
curtail the resource consumption. Likewise, for every problem identified, a detailed
solution, cost of implementation and return on investment is estimated.
We have suggested installing rainwater harvesting system knowing that Bangalore

receives good rainfall and our college has large roof area. We gathered details needed for
implementation and worked on it and presented the possible approach to install RWH.
Along with it we have provided with quotation for complete installation of Rainwater
harvesting system.
Based on power audit we discovered many electrical equipment are consuming more
power than needed, hence we suggested to replace these electrical fixtures with efficient
ones to reduce power consumption and provided with calculative comparison of amount
of energy that can be saved.
Moreover, we have put efforts to utilize renewable energy as much as possible. So we

thought of installing solar plant on our campus and suggested to go for on-grid system.
We surveyed the roof area to know the number of panels that can be installed, based on
number of panels we came up with cost of installing the solar power plant.
Apart from these, we located rooms that don‟t receive good ventilation and sunlight and
provided solution for the same. Also, we have suggested the ways to utilize waste
generated from canteen kitchen and turn it into useful biogas energy. With help of these
concepts were trying to bring a green impact on our surrounding and hope this project act
as model for other colleges and institution to bring this positive change.

PROJECT WORK 2019
REFERENCE
1. “Green Building”, Avinash Shivajirao Pawar, Journal of Engineering Research and
Studies,JERS/Vol. III/ Issue I/January-March, 2012/87-90,pg-4.
2. “Developing Green Building Concept In India”, Priyanka Rajiv Parikh,International
Journal of Technical Research and Applications ,e-ISSN: 2320-8163,Volume 4,
Issue 1 (January-February, 2016), Pg 77-80
3. “Green Buildings: A Step towards Environmental Protection”, Akshey B, Swati B
and Disha,iMedPub Journals, J Waste Recycl Vol.3 No.1:7May 29, 2018, pg-4.
4. Code book of IGBC Green Existing Buildings.
5. https://www.igbc.in/igbc/
6. http://hydro.imd.gov.in/
7. https://www.solarify.in/
8. http://www.rainyfilters.com/

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PROJECT WORK

Under the guidance of:

Mr. G C Rangnath Mr. Ashok Kumar

BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

I express my Hearty gratitude to our Principal Dr.M.U.Aswath for his continuous

It is my radiant sentiment to place on record my best regards, deepest sense of

Bearing in mind I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and

I express my hearty gratitude for all my classmates. This acknowledgement is

1.2 Definition Of Green Building 1

1.3 Scope Of Green Buildings 2

1.4 Characteristics Of Green Buildings 2

1.5 Benefits Of Green Buildings 3

1.6 Perceptions And Realities 4

2. GREEN BUILDINGS RATING SYSTEM

2.1 Rating Systems In India 5

2.2 About IGBC 6

2.3 IGBC Green Existing Buildings 7

2.4 Validity Of IGBC Existing Buildings 9

2.5 Criteria Considered For Existing Building Rating 9

2.6 IGBC Existing Buildings O And M Check Lists 10

3.3 Code Book Of IGBC 12

4. EVALUATION OF RESOURCES IN BIT

4.1 Evaluation Of Resources 14

4.1.1 Inefficient Usage Of Water 14

4.1.2 Inefficient Usage Of Energy 14

4.2 Objectives Of Proposed Work 15

4.2.1 Conservation And Efficient Usage Of Water 15

4.2.2 Conservation And Efficient Usage Of Energy 15

5.W ATER EFFICIENCY

5.2 Water Audit 16

5.2.2 Sources Of Water 17

5.2.3 Measurement Of Quantity Of Water 17

5.4 Quantity Savings On Water By Replacing Water Fixtures 21

5.5.2 Scope Of RWH 23

5.5.4 Methods Of Rain Water Harvesting 24

5.5.5 Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting 24

5.5.7 RWH At BIT 27

5.5.8 Calculation Of Water That Can Be Collected From RWH 28

5.5.9 Cost Of Installation 29

5.5.10 Benefits Of RWH At BIT 31

6.2 Energy Audit 32

6.2.1 Sources Of Energy 32

6.2.2 Measurement Of Electricity 32

6.2.3 Electricity Consumption Of Fixtures 33

6.3.1 Calculative Comparison Between Fluorescent And LED 36

6.3.2 Calculative Comparison Between Existing And BLDC Fans 37

6.4.3 Installation Of Solar Panels 40

6.4.4 Proposal For Installation Of Solar Panels In BIT 41

6.4.5 On Grid Solar Technology 42

6.4.6 Our Proposal 44

6.4.7 Technical Details 45

6.4.7.1 Solar Panels 45

6.4.7.5 Earthing Arrestors 48

6.4.8 System Cost Summary 49

6.4.10 Maintenance Service Details 50

6.4.11 Economics Of Our Systems 50

6.4.12 Environmental Impact 51

6.5.2 Necessity Of Ventilation 52

6.5.3.1 Solutions For Air Ventilation 53

6.5.3.2 Solutions For Poor Lighting 54

Fig no Contents Page No

Fig 5.2 Waterless Urinal 21