METHOD STATEMENT( WORK INSTRUCTION )

CONTENTS

# Description Page No.

1 Excavation in Rocks 1
2 General Earthwork, leveling, Excavation & Protection 2
3 Murrum & Sand Filling, Compaction & Finish Grading 3
4 Hollow & Solid Block Masonry 4&5
5 Brick Masonry 6&7
6 Size Stone Masonry 8, 9 & 10
7 Random Rubble Masonry 10
8 Concrete Works 11 to 16
9 Use of Admixtures 17
10 Precautions for Concreting 18 to 23
11 Curing, Protection, Repairing & Mixing 24 to 27
12 Form Work 28 to 31
13 Preparation of surface for various activities 32 & 33
14 Concreting in Various Condtions 34
15 Placing Various Kinds of Concrete 35
16 Ready Mix Concrete 36
17 Precast Concrete 37
18 Reinforcement Steel Works 38 to 41
19 Flooring Works 42 to 45
20 Steel Fabrication Works 46 to 47
21 Fixing of Joinery 48 & 49
22 Wood Works 50 & 51
23 Glass & Glazing Works 52
24 Plastering Works 53 & 54
25 Painting Works 55 to 60
26 Aluminium Doors, Windows & Glazing 61
27 Antitermite Treatment 62
28 Miscellaneous Works 63

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR EXCAVATING:

Excavation for foundation, footings, trenches, paving-walks etc., as called for on the
drawings, shall be generally made to net width required by the drawings.

“Battering” or benching to the sides of excavation shall have prior approval of the
Architects / Project Manager. Any unauthorized excavation shall be filled-up to the proper
level with concrete of the same type and mix as for foundations or as ordered by Project
Manager.

All soft and loose pockets shall be dug, cut and filled with cement 1:4:8 well rammed and
consolidated. Clear out all sludge and slush before laying foundations.

If excavation is carried out to a greater width, length or depth, than specified in the drawings
the extra depth shall be made up by filling in lean concrete and or by filling in earth rammed
hard, or by masonry as directed by the Project Manager.

If required to protect the sides of pits and trenches, timber shoring and strutting shall be
erected. The timbering shall be closed or open depending on the nature of the soil and
work, and the arrangement of timbering including sizes and spacing of members used
shall be as approved by the Project Manager.

The bottom of all excavation shall be trimmed and leveled in accordance with the
drawings and be rammed and wet before deposition of concrete.

Excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5 meters of the edges of trench or half
the depth of the trench whichever is more.

EXCAVATION IN ROCKS:

Crowbars, chiseling or burning, shall carry out all rock excavation. Blasting shall not be
carried out. Excavation in rock shall be carried out to the lengths, breadths, depths and
profiles required for the construction of the works and to the dimensions and levels
shown on the drawings. In the event of the excavation being taken out to greater depth
than that shown on the drawing, the extra excavation shall be filled with compacted
cement concrete 1:4:8 (1 cement, 4 coarse sand 8 graded stone aggregate). The size of the
stone aggregate shall be 40 mm or 20 mm nominal size as directed by the Project
Manager. Moreover the extra refilling in the sides shall also be provided as per directions
of the Project Manager.

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GENERAL EARTHWORK AND LEVELLING:

Surface dressing of the ground shall be carried out to levels as shown on the drawings
and the area leveled by excavation including clearing of all obstructions, loose stones ,
materials and rubbish of all kinds, stumps, brush wood etc. All useful materials obtained
shall be sorted out and stacked as directed by the Project Manager. Rejected materials
shall be removed beyond the site boundary.

EXCESS EXCAVATION:

Where excavations are made in depth more than required as directed by Project Manager,
it shall be back filled up to formation level with lean concrete 1:4:8 and in roads /
pavements either by increasing the thickness, number of layers of road foundation or with
approved hard material in layers including consolidation at the cost of the contractor.

PROTECTION :

Protect the excavation from the effect of inclement weather or other damage.. All
foundation pits , lift pits, well pits and similar excavation shall be strong fenced and
marked with red lights at night and placed in charge of watchman to avoid accidents.
Adequate protective safety measures shall be taken to see that the excavation does not
affect or damage adjoining structures. . Take necessary precaution towards any expansive
soil, which may lead to collapsing of the trench walls.

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR FILLING:

FILL MATERIAL:
Fill materials shall be hard and free from all soft and sponge materials, clods or rocks
over 200 mm in size shall be free of salt, petrel, white ants etc.

MURRUM:

The plasticity index of blinding material in the screening shall not exceed 9. Gravel
shall be composed of large course siliceous grains sharp and gritty to touch, free from
dirt and impurities. “Laterite” gravel may be used if screening separates the excess clay.
The blinding material shall contain a sufficient proportion of fine material to fill all
interstices and to ensure blinding when consolidated. Materials shall be brought to site
sufficiently in advance of their use.

SAND:

Sand shall be clean river sand, made of hard, sharp, gritty, coarse dry particles, free from
earth, silt, organic matter and other deleterious material.

FILL COMPACTION :

The fill shall be spread in layers not exceeding 15 cm thick. Each layer shall be
watered and thoroughly consolidated with a roller. At locations where rolling is not
possible, the filling shall be carried out in layer not exceeding 15 cm thick and each layer
rammed with mechanical rammer of 3-4 ton capacity and thoroughly consolidated till the
required level is reached. The fill shall then be flooded with water for at least 24 hours,
allowed to dry and then rammed and consolidated again. The finished surfaces shall be
formed to correct lines, level, slopes, shapes etc., as required. Fills at building structures,
walls, paths, etc., shall not be executed until all foundations, footings, etc., have been
inspected and approved by the Architects / Project Manager. Return and fill in around
foundations, walls etc., as described above and bring grades unto either original ground
level or as required by the drawings when different from original grades. The fill shall be
compacted to minimum 95% proctor density and test, compacted material for the same,
and report shall be submitted to the structural consultant for approval, till such time no
further work shall be taken up on that soil.

FINISH GRADING :

Finish grading shall be done with fertile topsoil over those areas noted as on the plans.
Depth of topsoil shall be 15 cm minimum. Topsoil shall be approved by the Architects /
Project Manager before placement.

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR MASONRY:

1. Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks:

Materials

Block shall be machine molded and the concrete used for this manufacture shall be
mixed in a concrete mixer. They should generally conform to IS: 2185.All blocks shall
be sound, free from cracks, broken edges, honeycombing and other defects that would
interfere with the proper placing of blocks or impair the strength or performance of
construction. Size of blocks shall be as specified.

Mortar:
a)The mortar for 20cm thick hollow block masonry shall be cement mortar consisting
of one part of cement and 6 parts of sand or as specified. For 10cm thick masonry mortar
shall be one part of cement and 4 parts sand or as specified.
b) The unit measurement shall be standard bag of cement 50 kg assumed to be 35 liters
(0.035 cum). Sand shall be measured in boxes of suitable size. In case of damp sand, the
quantity may be corrected for bulk age.

CONSTRUCTION OF 100MM THICK BLOCK WALL:

a) 100 mm thick block walls shall be constructed wherever shown in the drawing. These
shall be all of stretchers only, and half blocks shall not be used. The mortar to be used
shall be cement sand mortar 1:4 and as per specification mentioned elsewhere.
b) Reinforcement consisting of 2 bars of 6mm shall be provided after every fourth course,
the MS bars shall be well anchored at the ends of the partition. These bars shall be fully
embedded in cement concrete 1:2:4, and overlaps if any shall be minimum 30cm and shall
conform to specifications mentioned under 'Steel Reinforcement'.
c) Whenever the height of the wall is more than 2.0 meter, R.C.C. runner shall be
provided, at the rate of one runner for every 1.5 meter height.
d) Care shall be taken to see that the wall is not disturbed till it is fully set. All
scaffolding, shuttering and form work for R.C.C. work connected to the newly built wall
shall be constructed with utmost care, so that the stability of the wall is fully secured.
While making the shuttering for the R.C.C. Do not nail runners, planks to the wall. While
curing, the water is to be sprinkled by a hose to the wall and not by throwing and
splashing across the wall.

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a) Only skilled and experienced masons shall be employed in laying block masonry.
b) All blocks shall be thoroughly wet before use.
c) No broken blocks shall be used. Brickbats may be used for closures.
d) The blocks shall be laid in cement mortar to lines , levels, etc., as shown in the
drawings slightly pressed and thoroughly bedded in the mortar, and all joints properly
flushed and thoroughly packed with mortar so that no hollows are left. Block joints
shall not be one above the other, each joint being in the center of the block below.
e) Both faces of the wall shall be flush, and checked frequently for trueness of vertical
and horizontal plane of the courses, by means of plumb-bobs and spirit level respectively.
f) Joints shall not be thick than 10mm and struck flush with the face when placed.
g) Cement mortar shall be mixed on a mixing platform only and not on ground.
h) Blocks have to be cut by cutting machine and not by chisel or hammer.

The block masonry shall not be raised more than 1.50meter per day for 200/150mm thick
walls and not more than one meter(1Mt) for 100mm thick walls, and courses shall be
raised in uniform height as far as possible. Where this is not possible, the bricks shall be
stepped so as to enable the latter courses of masonry to bond with the former. The block
work shall be done in stages to ensure that the load transmitted to the structure does not
exceed that for which it has been designed.

Tolerance:

The maximum permissible tolerance in masonry should be as follows :-

1) Variation from specified thickness of head and bed joints +3mm

2) Variation in vertical joint alignment

a) In any 3.05mt of height +6mm
b) Maximum for entire length +13mm

3) Variation in level of bed joint

a) In any 3.05mt of height +6mm
b) Maximum for entire length +13mm

4) Variation from specified thickness of walls +6mm

5) Variation in vertical alignment of walls

a) In any 3.05Mt. of height. +6mm

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 b) Maximum per floor +13mm
c) Maximum for total height +25mm

6) Variation in horizontal alignment of walls

a) In any 3.05Mt. of length +6mm
b) Maximum of entire length +13mm

2. BRICK MASONRY:

BRICKS:

Bricks shall be of uniform deep red or copper colour, thoroughly burnt without being
vitrified, regular in shape and size and shall have sharp and square sides and edges and
parallel faces to ensure uniformity in the thickness of the courses of brick work.

Brick shall be free from cracks, chips, flaws, stones or lumps of any kind. They shall be
sound, hard, and homogeneous in textures and shall conform to the requirements of first class
bricks stipulated in IS:1077-1970 “common burnt clay bricks”.

The size of the bricks shall be 9” X 4 3/8” X 2 ¾” (22.9 cm X11.2 cm X7.0 cm) unless
otherwise specified, with a tolerance of + 1/8 inch (3mm) in each directions. The bricks shall
be provided with frogs and table molded.

All bricks shall be thoroughly soaked before use, in specially prepared tubs, or tanks for 24
hours. The soaked brick shall be kept on wooden planks or brick platform to avoid getting
earth smeared.

Cement used for construction shall be fresh, and not more than 30 days old from the
date of manufacture.
Sand shall be clean, not too fine nor too coarse and shall fall within the grading zone I to IV
given in table 111 of IS:373:1970. The silt content of sand shall not exceed 5% by
volume.
Water used for mixing mortar shall be in accordance with clause 4.3 of IS: 456 – 1978.

MORTAR MIXING :

Mixing of mortar shall be done in a mechanical mixer. Hand mixing shall be resorted to
only when specifically permitted by the Architects / Project Manager. Cement and sand
shall be mixed dry thoroughly, and then water shall be added gradually. Wet mixing shall
be continued till mortar of the consistency of a stiff paste and uniform colour is
obtained.

Only that quantity of mortar which can be consumed within 30 minutes of its mixing
shall be prepared at a time.

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Mortar shall be used as soon as possible after mixing and before it has begun to set, i.e
within 30 minutes after the water is added to the dry mixture. Mortar left unused for more
than 30 minutes after mixing shall be rejected and removed from the site of works.

CURING :

All fresh brickwork shall be protected from Sun, rain, etc., by covering suitably. All
brickwork shall be kept constantly moist on all the faces for at least ten days.

OPENING :

All opening in brickwork for air conditioning ducts, grills, pipes etc., shall be provided at
the time of laying brick works.

CAULKING :

After installing pipe , conduits, grills etc., the same shall be checked and caulked with
cement mortar to render the whole work vermin proof and tidily finished.

PARTITION WALLS :

All the partition walls are to be built of 41/2" thick walls in cement mortar 1:4 with
selected first class table molded bricks reinforced every fourth course in case of
4 1/2" thick walls and every second course in case of 3" thick walls with 2 nos. of
6mm M.S bars embedded in cement concrete 1:2:4, 75mm thick.

MISCELLANEOUS :

Brickwork shall be kept wet while in progress till mortar has properly set. On holidays
or when the work is stopped, top of all unfinished masonry shall be kept wet. Should the
mortar be dry, White or powdery, for want of curing, work shall be pulled down and
rebuilt.

Unless otherwise specified, brickwork shall be done in English bond with frog upwards.
The bricks shall be bedded and joined with mortar in such a manner as not to leave
voids. Each brick shall be correctly bedded into position by tapping with the handle of
the trowel, grouting of mortar slurry is not be allowed, except where necessary for special
reasons and in such cases, prior permission of the Architects / Project Managers shall be
obtained.

Care shall be taken that each course of brickwork is truly horizontal and perfect in bond
and the face of the wall is straight, vertical to plumb and even. The mortar joints shall be
10mm in thickness except where extra thickness is required for the purpose of bringing
the brickwork to the required height or level. Half bricks or bats shall not be used except
for obtaining the bond and where absolutely necessary.

In the case of 230mm thick walls, if bricks are of size such that the width of the header
course does not come equal to the width of the stretcher course, the difference shall be
made up during construction of brickwork itself by same mortar as used for

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construction of masonry to provide a plane vertical surface. The surface should also be
scarred to receive plaster.

All junctions of wall and cross wall shall be carefully bonded into the main wall. The rate
of laying masonry will be up to a height of 750mm per day. Greater heights may be built
only if permitted by the Architects/Project Managers.

During rains, the work shall be carefully covered to prevent mortar from being washed
away, should any mortar or cement be washed away, the work shall be removed and
rebuilt.

3. SIZE STONE MASONRY:

MATERIALS:
The length of stone shall not exceed three times the height and the breadth of base shall not
be greater than ¾ (three fourth )of the thickness of wall and less than 150mm. The height of
stones may be up to 300mm.

Face stones shall be hammer dressed on all beds and joints, so as to give them approximately
rectangular block shape. These shall be squared on all joints and beds. The joint shall be
rough chisel dressed for at least 80mm back from the face, and side joints for at least 40mm
such that no portion of the dressed surface is more than 6mm from a straight edge placed on
it. The bushing on the face shall not project more than 40mm on an exposed face and 1-mm
on a face to be plastered.

The minimum compressive strength shall be 1000 kg/sq.cms and maximum water absorption
shall be 0.50% by weight.

DRESSING OF STONE:
Stone used shall be hammer dressed on sides and beds in such a way as to close up with the
adjacent stone in the masonry work. The face stone shall be dressed as to give a specific
pattern, facing etc., the face of stone shall be so dressed that bushings on the exposed face
shall not project beyond 6mm from a straight edge. The bushings on the face shall not project
on any surface by more than 10mm on a face to be plastered. All angles and edges that are to
remain exposed in final position shall be true, square and free from chipping.

LAYING:
All stones are wet before laying to prevent absorption of water from mortar. The wall shall
be truly vertical. The height of each course shall not be less than 200mm and more than
300mm. No part of the wall during its construction shall raise more than one meter above the
general construction level to avoid unequal settlement.

The natural bed of stone shall be so laid that the pressure is always perpendicular to the strata
and are laid along their plane of strata.

Face stones shall be laid as alternate headers and stretchers. No pinning shall be allowed on
the face. No face stone shall be less in breadth than its height and at least one third of the
stones shall tail-into the work of length not less than twice their height.

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The hearting or interior filling of the wall shall consist of stones carefully laid on properly
prepared mortar bed, chips and sprawls of stones, used to fill the interstices between
adjacent stones to avoid thick mortar joints and at the same time ensuring that no hollow
spaces are left anywhere in the masonry. The hearting shall not exceed 15% of the quantity
of masonry. The chips shall not be used below the hearting stone to bring these up to the
level of face stones.

The masonry in a structure shall be carried out continuously but where breaks are
unavoidable, the joints shall be raked back, at angle not steeper than 45 degrees. Toothing
shall not be allowed.

Wherever required and as approved by the Project Manager chasing not exceeding 600mm
width for vertical chase, and 300mm height for horizontal chase shall be filled in with
ordinary cement concrete of nominal mix 1:3:6 (1 cement, 3 coarse sand, 6 stone aggregate)
using 12mm nominal or down size as directed.

Bond or through stones running right through the thickness of wall, shall be provided in wall
up-to 600mm thick and in case of wall above 600mm thickness, a set of two or more bond
stones overlapping each other by a least 150mm shall be provided in a line from face to back.

At least one bond stone or a set of bond stones shall be provided for every 0.5 Sqm of the
wall surface or as specified. Where bond stones of suitable lengths are not available cement
concrete blocks of nominal mix 1:3:6 (1 cement: 3 coarse sand: 6 stone aggregate) using
2 mm nominal or down gauge graded aggregates shall be used after obtaining approval from
the Project Manager.

All bond stones in stone masonry shall be suitably marked as directed by the Project
Manager.

The quoins shall be stones specially selected and neatly dressed for forming the external
angle of a wall or building. These shall be of the same height as the course in which these
occur, shall be 450 mm long but less than the thickness of the wall and shall be laid as
stretchers and headers alternatively. These shall be laid square on the bed, and shall be
rough chisel dressed to a depth of at least 100mm. In case of exposed work, these stones shall
have a minimum of 25mm wide chisel drafts at four edges, all edges being in the same plane.

JOINTS:
All bed joints shall be horizontal and all side joints vertical. All joints shall be fully packed
with mortar. Face joints shall not be more than 25mm thick.

When plastering or pointing is not required , the joints shall be struck flush and finished at
the time of lying. Otherwise the joints shall be raked to a minimum depth of 12mm by raking
tool during the progress of work, when the mortar is green.
CURING:
Masonry work in cement mortar shall be kept constantly moist on all faces for a minimum
period of seven days, watering shall be done carefully so as not to disturb green mortar.

PROTECTION:
Suitable covering shall protect green work. The work, particularly exposed faces shall be
suitably protected from damage, mortar dropping etc., during construction.

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SIZE STONE MASONRY:
Size stone shall be hard granite, basalt or trap stone obtainable from approved quarry. The
stones shall be clean and wet before they are used. Height shall not be less than 200mm. All
courses shall be of uniform height, unless otherwise instructed, the depth of higher courses
should not be more than the depth of lower courses. Bed and sides shall be hammer or chisel
dressed from the face of 75mm and 35mm. No face stone shall be less in depth than in height
or shall tail-into the work to a length less than the height. Stones shall break joints at least
half the height of the course. Faces of stones shall be hammer dressed and bushing shall not
be more than 25mm, edges of face stones of exposed faces shall be chiseled true to both
longitudinal and vertical lines. Exposed faces of corner stone to be 2 line dressed 50mm
wide. Bond or through stones shall be provided not exceeding 2 meter apart in each course
and shall be staggered. Bond stone shall be from the front to the back of the wall. For wall
up to 50mm thick, bond stones shall be in one piece. For walls over 600mm thick , Bond
stones shall either be in one piece (if available locally) or be in a series of headers; each
header over lapping the adjoining one by not less than 150mm. Bond or through stones shall
be marked as directed to enable these being easily detected even after having been built in
position. The hearting or interior filling shall be with flat-bed stones laid in mortar. Chips,
spells shall be used to avoid thick mortar joints and shall not exceed 15% of the quantity of
stone masonry. Care shall be taken to prevent dry work or hollow spaces being left in the
masonry.

RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY:

The face stone shall be laid absolutely without pinning on the face. Every stone shall be
carefully fitted so as to form neat and close joints and if necessary the edges shall be dressed
with chisel to ensure close joints work. The thickness of joint will be as specified for each
work and in no case more than 20mm. The thickness of joint should be uniform on the face,
and variation being within 25%. Mortar in joints should be scraped 12mm deep for pointing.

The stones shall be roughly chisel dressed to ensure equal size on face as far as possible.
They shall be of uniform colour and they shall be carefully laid and solidly embedded in
mortar and shall tail back and bond well into the backing and shall not be of greater than
either breadth of face or length of face or length of tail into the work.

One header or through stone shall be inserted for every square meter of face and shall run
right through the wall if it is not more than 600mm thick. If more than 600mm a line of
headers shall be laid from face to back, which shall overlap each other, at least 150mm stones
shall be arranged to break joints as much as possible and long vertical lines of jointing shall
be avoided in face work. The quoins unless otherwise specified shall be of selected stones
neatly dressed with hammer chisel to from required angle and laid header and stretcher
alternately. The masonry has to be kept wet for 10 days.

In the case of cement mortar, the proportion specified is on volume basis. But cement shall
be weighed on the assumption that the weight of one cubic meter of cement is 1440kgs.

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE WORKS:

Materials for standard Concrete:

The ingredients to be used in the manufacture of standard concrete shall consist solely of a
standard type Portland cement, clean sand, natural coarse aggregate, clean water, and
admixtures, if specifically called for on drawings or specifications:

A. Cement:

Cements shall conform to Grade 43 / 53. as per IS:8112-1989 & IS:12269-1987, and to be
protected from water.

Cement in bulk may be stored in bins or Silos, which will provide complete protection from
dampness, contamination, and minimize caking and false set. Cement shall be stacked well
away from the outer walls and insulated from the floor to avoid contact with moisture from
ground and so arranged as to provide ready access. Damaged or reclaimed or partly set
cement is not to be used and shall be removed from the site. The storage bins and storage
arrangements shall be such that there is no dead storage. No more than 12 days requirement.
“First come first go” principle shall be followed to meet daily requirement.

Cement held in storage for a period of ninety (90) day's or longer shall not be used .

B.Aggregates:

a)1. “Aggregate” in general designates both the fine & coarse inert materials used in the
manufacture of concrete .
b)2. “Fine aggregate” is aggregate , most of which pass through 4.77mm sieve and retained
on 2.36mm sieve.
c) 3. “Coarse aggregate” is aggregate , most of which pass through 10mm sieve and retained
in 4.75mm sieve.
d) Aggregates shall consist of natural sand, crushed stone and gravel from source known to
produce satisfactory aggregate for concrete and shall be chemically inert, strong , hard,
durable against weathering. Off limited porosity and free from deleterious materials that may
cause corrosion of the reinforcement or impair the strength and /or durability of concrete .
The grading of aggregates shall be such as to produce a dense concrete of specified strength
and consistency that will work readily into position without segregation and shall be based
on the “ Mix design “ and preliminary tests on concrete specified later .

C. Storage of aggregates:
All coarse and fine aggregates shall be stacked separately in stock piles in the material yard
near the work site in bins properly constructed to avoid inter mixing of different aggregates.

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Contamination with foreign materials and earth, during storage and while heaping the
materials, shall be avoided. The aggregate must be of specified quality not only at the time of
loading into mixer. Raker shall be used for lifting the coarse aggregates from bins or
stockpiles. Coarse aggregate shall be piled in layers not exceeding 1.2 Mts. in height to
prevent consignor segregation. Each layer shall cover the entire area of the stockpile before
succeeding layers are started. Aggregates that have become segregated shall be rejected.

D. Specific Gravity:
Aggregate having a specific gravity below 2.6 (saturated surface dry basis) shall be used .

E. Fine Aggregate:

Fine Aggregate shall consist of natural or crushed sand to I.S. 383 – 1970. The sand shall be
sharp, hard, strong and durable and shall be free from dust, vegetable substance, adherent
coating, clay loam, alkali, organic matter , mica, salt or other deleterious substances, which
can be injurious to the setting qualities / strength / durability of concrete.

a) Machine made Sand:-

Machine made sand will be acceptable, provided the constituent rock/ gravel composition
shall be sound, hard , dense, non- organic, uncoated and durable against weathering .

b) Screening and Washing :

Sand shall be prepared for use by such screening or through washing, or both, as necessary to
remove all objectionable foreign matter while separating the sand grains to the required size.
Sand having silt content more than 3% is not used unless the same is washed and silt content
is brought within 3% by weight.

F. Coarse Aggregate:

Coarse aggregates for concrete except for lightweight concrete shall conform to I.S. 383. this
shall consist of natural or crushed stone and gravel, and shall be clean and free from
elongated, flaky or laminated pieces adhering coatings, clay lumps, coal residue, clinkers,
Slag, alkali, mica, organic matter or other deleterious matter.

a) Screening and Washing:

Crushed rock shall be screened and/ or washed for the removal of dirt, or dust coating.
The pieces shall be angular in shape and shall have granular or crystalline surfaces. Flaky
and laminated pieces of mica and shale, if present shall be only in such quantities that will
not, in the opinion of Architect / Project Manager, affect adversely the strength and /or
durability of concrete, The maximum size of coarse aggregate greater than ¼ of the
minimum thickness of the member, so as to surround all reinforcement thoroughly and fill
the corners of the form. Plums above 160mm and up to any reasonable size can be used in
plain mass concrete work of large dimension up to a maximum limit of 20% by volume of
concrete when specifically approved by Project Manager. For heavily reinforced concrete
members, the nominal maximum size of the aggregate shall be 5mm less than the minimum
cover to the reinforcement whichever is smaller. The amount of fine particles occurring in the
free state or as loose adherent shall not exceed 1% when determined by laboratory

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sedimentation tests as per I.S. 2386. After 24-hrs immersion in water, a previously dried
sample shall not have gained more than 10% of its oven dry weight in air, as determined by
I.S. 2386.

b ) Water:

i) Water used for both mixing and curing shall be free from injurious amounts of deleterious
materials . Potable water is generally satisfactory for mixing and curing concrete.

ii) In case of doubt, the suitability of water for making concrete shall be ascertained by the
compressive strength and initial setting time test specified in I.S.456. For samples of water
proposed to be used for concreting, due account should be paid to seasonal variation . The
sample shall not receive any treatment before testing other than that envisaged in the regular
supply of water proposed for use in concrete. The sample shall be stored in a clean container
previously rinsed out with similar water.

iii) Average 28 days compressive strength of at least 15cms concrete cubes prepared with
water proposed to be used shall not be less that 90% of the average strength of three similar
concrete cubes prepared with distilled water.

iv) The initial setting time of test blocks made with appropriate test cement and water
proposed to be used shall not be less than 30 minutes and shall not differ by more than plus
or minus 30 minutes from the initial setting time of control test block prepared with the
appropriate test cement and distilled water . The test block shall be prepared and tested in
accordance with the requirement of IS 4031

1. MIX DESIGN OF CONCRETE:

1. This is to investigate the grading of aggregates, water cement ratio, workability and
quantity of cement required to give works cubes of the characteristic strength specified. The
proportions of the aggregate shall be determined by weight. Adjustment of aggregate
proportions due to moisture present in the aggregate shall be made. Mix proportioning shall
be carried out according to the ACI standard designation ACI 613 or “ Design of Concrete
Mixes “ –Road Research Note No.4, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research , U.K.
and IS : 10260.The design mix shall be done at an independent test laboratory and submitted
along with design calculations.

2.whenever there is change either in required strength of concrete, or water –cement ratio, or
workability or the source of aggregates, and /or cement, fresh test shall be carried out to
determine the revised proportion of the mix to suit the altered condition.

3. While fixing the value of water/cement ratio for “ Design Mix “ assistance may be derived
from the standard graph showing the relationship between the 28 days compressive strengths
of concrete mixed with different water/ cement ratios and the 7 days compressive strength of
cement tested in accordance with I.S.8112-1989 & IS12269-1987

4. It is necessary to establish the concrete mix designs for different grades of concrete
specified in the work consistent with the workability required for nature of work, and also
taking into consideration the assumed standard deviation which will be expected at site, or by
establishing the standard deviation based on 30 test results of tests conducted at site for each

13
grade of concrete so as to produce concrete of required strength, durability and surface finish.
The materials and proportions used in making the tests to be carried out either at site or under
laboratory conditions shall be similar in all respects to those to be actually employed in the
work, as the object of these tests is to determine the proportions for cement, aggregates, and
water necessary to produce the concrete of the required consistency and to give such
specified strength.

2. Proportioning, Consistency, Batching & Mixing of Concrete:

A) Proportioning:
1. Aggregate:
The proportions, which shall be decided by conducting preliminary tests, shall be by weight.
The proportions of cement, fine and coarse aggregates shall be maintained during
subsequent concrete batching by means of weigh batcher conforming to I.S. 2722 capable of
controlling the weights within one percent of the desired value. The grading of aggregate
shall be controlled by obtaining the coarse aggregate in different sizes and blending them in
the right proportions. The different sizes shall be stocked in separate stockpiles. The grading
of coarse and fine aggregate shall be checked, as frequently as possible, to ensure
maintaining of grading in accordance with the samples used in preliminary mix design. The
material shall be stock piled well in advance of use.

2. Cement:

The cement shall be considered by weight, for design mix.

3.Water:
Only such quantity of water shall be added to the cement and aggregates in the concrete mix
as to ensure dense concrete, specified surface finish, satisfactory workability, consistent with
the strength stipulated for each class of concrete. The water added to the mix shall be such as
not to cause segregation of materials or the collection of excessive free water on the surface
of the concrete.

4. Proportioning by Water / Cement Ratio:

The W /C ratio specified in the design mix report shall be maintained. Determine the water
content of the aggregates as frequently as specified in IS 2386 (Part III), and the amount of
mixing water added at the mixer shall be adjusted, so as to maintain the specified W /C ratio.
To allow for the variation in their moisture content, suitable adjustments in the weights of
aggregates shall also be made.

B. Consistency and Slump:

Concrete shall be of a consistency and workability suitable for the conditions of the job.
After the amount of water required is determined, the consistency of the mix shall be
maintained throughout the progress of the corresponding parts of the work and approved tests
e.g. slump tests, compacting factor tests in accordance with I.S. 1199 shall be conducted from
time to time to ensure the maintenance of such consistency.

14
C. Batching and mixing of Concrete:
i).The proportions of the materials for the concrete mix as established by the preliminary test
for mix design shall be followed for all the concrete in the works and shall not be changed.

ii) If approved, concrete may be produced by volume batching the ingredients, except the
cement. Fine and coarse aggregate shall be proportioned volumetrically by subsequent
conversion of the weight of the aggregate as per design mix to their equivalent volumes
knowing their bulk densities as stipulated in clause 10.24 of I.S. 456-2000. All concrete shall
be mixed in mechanically operated batch mixer complying with I.S. 1791 of approved make
with suitable provisions for controlling quantity of water actually entering the drum. The
quantity of water entering the drum shall be checked with reading of gauge or valve setting
before starting the job. The test shall be made while mixer is in operation. The volume of the
mix material shall not exceed the manufacturers rated mixer capacity. The batch shall be
charged into the mixer so that some water will enter the drum in advance of cement and
aggregates. All water shall be in the drum by the end of 15 seconds of the specified mixing
time. Each batch shall be mixed until the concrete is uniform in colour for the specified
mixing time. For the minimum period of 2 minutes after all the materials and water are in the
drum .The entire contents of the drum shall be adjusted in one operation before the raw
materials for succeeding batches are fed into the drum The weighting gauge of the mix shall
be periodically checked or as directed by the Project Manger. The Contractor should carry
out rectification immediately if found necessary.
Mixer and the weigh batcher shall be maintained in clean and serviceable condition. The
accuracy of the weigh batcher shall be periodically checked. Both mixer and the weigh
batcher shall be set to level on the firm base and the hopper shall be loaded evenly. The
needle shall be adjusted to zero when the hopper is empty. Fine and coarse aggregates shall
be weighed separately.

Each time the work stops, the mixer shall be cleaned out, the first batch shall have 10%
additional cement to allow for sticking in the drum.

3. Sampling and Strength test of Concrete:

a).Sample from fresh concrete shall be taken as per I.S. 1199-1959 and cubes shall be made,
cured and tested at 28 days in accordance with IS : 516 –1959 method of test for strength of
concrete ( Amendment No .2 ).
b). Sampling of cubes shall be done in accordance with Para 15.2.1 as per IS -2000

c).In order to get a relatively quicker idea of the quality of concrete, optional tests on beams
for modulus of rupture at 72 plus or minus 2 hours, or at 7 days compressive strength tests
may be conducted.

d) A random sampling procedure shall be adopted to ensure that each concrete batch shall
have a reasonable chance of being tested, that is, the sampling should be spread over the
entire period of concreting and cover all mixing units. Comply with IS456 – 2000CI.15.2.2

At least one sample shall be taken from each shift.

4. Test specimen:

15
Six test specimens shall be made for each sample for testing at 7 days and 28 days .
Additional cubes may be required for various purpose such as to determine the strength of
concrete at 7 days or at the time of striking the form work , or to determine the curing or to
check the testing error . Additional cubes may also be required for testing cubes by
accelerated methods as described in IS 9013-1978. The specimen shall be tested as described
in IS 516-1959.

5. Test strength of sample:

The test strength of the sample shall be the average of the strength of three specimens. The
individual variation should not be more than plus or minus 15 percent of the average.

6. Records to be kept during executing of work:

The contractor shall keep constant site records of all-important data regarding the quality and
stability of the structure and its parts. They shall contain , but not limited to the following
information :
i). The timings of individual operation (e.g. placing the concrete and dismantling the form
work).
ii).The air temperature and weather condition at the time of execution of the individual job
(section or components) until complete removal of the form work and its supports, is to be
recorded (Example: Details like dates and time when high ambient temperature causing
precipitation, and rainfall etc., occurred)
iii). During making, placing and curing of concrete, the maximum & minimum daily
temperatures( measured in the shade i.e. in ambient condition ) shall be recorded.
iv). When site-mix concrete is used, the names of the suppliers and the delivery note numbers
of cement, aggregates, and admixtures, type of Cement, grading curves of the aggregates,
type and amount of admixture as well as the design mix including the combined aggregate
grading curves and the water cement ratio to be recorded.
The manufacture of all concrete test specimens with their designation , dates of
manufacture, information on the individual parts or job section for which the concrete has
been used and the testing dates.
v). Results of tests of concrete , aggregate, water, cement and reinforcing steel.

The records shall be available on site during the construction period and copies shall be
submitted to the Project Manager.

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR USE OF ADMIXTURES:

Admixtures may be used in concrete only with the approval of Structural consultants based
upon evidence that, with the passage of time, neither the compressive strength nor its
durability get reduced. Calcium chloride shall not be used for accelerating setting of cement
for any concrete containing reinforcement, or embodied steel parts. When calcium chloride
is permitted to be used, such as in mass concrete works, it shall be dissolved in water and
added to the mixing water in an amount not to exceed one and half percent of the weight of
the cement in each batch of concrete. When admixtures are used, the designed concrete mix
shall be corrected accordingly. Admixture shall be used as per manufacturer’s instructions
and in the manner and with the control specified by Structural consultants.

Air Entraining Agents:

Where specified and approved by Structural consultants, neutralized Vinsol resin or any other
approved air entraining agent may by used to produce the specified amount of air in the
concrete mix and these agents shall conform to the requirements of “ASTM standard 6-200,
Air entraining admixtures for concrete”. The recommended total air content of the concrete
is 4% + 1%. The method of measuring air content shall be as per IS 1199.

Retarding Admixtures:
Where specified and approved by Structural consultants retarding agents shall be added to
the concrete mix in quantities specified by manufacturers.

Water Reducing and Other Admixtures:

Admixtures of approved make like Fosroc / Cerachem may be used as per the mix design
report.

For Concrete in Alkali Soils and Alkaline Water:

Where concrete is liable to attack from alkali salts or alkaline water, special cements
containing low amount of tri-calcium Aluminate shall be used, if so specified on the
drawings. Such concrete shall have minimum cement content, for different exposes and
Sulphate attack as given in the 3,4,5,6 & 7 of IS 456-2000. If, specified by project Manager,
additional protection shall be obtained by the use of a chemically resistant stone facing or a
layer of Plaster of Paris covered with suitable fabric, such as jute thoroughly impregnated
with tar.

17
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PRECAUTIONS FOR CONCRETING:

1. Preparation prior to concrete placement, final inspection and approval:

a) Before the concrete is actually placed in position, the insides of the “Form work” shall be
inspected to see that they have been cleaned and oiled. Temporary openings shall be
provided to facilitate inspection, especially at bottom of columns and wall forms, to permit
removal of saw dust, wood shaving, binding wire, rubbish, dirt etc., opening shall be/ can be
removed easily. Such openings shall be later suitably plugged. Industrial blowers may be
used to remove dirt. dust from the centering surface.

b) Reinforcement and other items to be cast in concrete shall have clean surfaces to ensure
bonding.

c) Prior to concrete placement, all work shall be inspected and approved by Project Manager
and if found unsatisfactory, concrete should not be poured until after all defects have been
corrected.

d) No concrete shall be placed in wet weather or on water covered surface. Any concrete that
has been washed by heavy rains shall be entirely removed, if there is any sign of cement and
sand having been washed away from the concrete mixture. To guard against damage, which
may be caused by rains, the works shall be covered with tarpaulins immediately after the
concrete has been placed and compacted before leaving the work unattended. Any water
accumulating on the surface of the newly placed concrete shall be removed by approved
means and no further concrete shall be placed thereon until water is removed. To avoid flow
of water over / around freshly placed concrete, suitable drains and sumps shall be provided.

2. Transportation:

a) All buckets, containers or conveyors used for transporting concrete shall be mortar-tight.
All means of conveyance shall be adopted to deliver concrete of the required consistency and
plasticity without segregation or loss of slump. Chutes shall not be used for transport of
concrete without the written permission of Project Manager and concrete shall be remixed
before placing.

3. Tampered or Contaminated Concrete:

Concrete must be placed in its final position, the moment water is added to concrete. On no
account, water shall be added after initial mixing. Concrete that has become stiff or has been
contaminated with foreign material shall be rejected and disposed off.

4. Cleaning of Equipment:

All equipment used for mixing, transportation and placing of concrete shall be maintained in
clean condition. All pans, buckets, hoppers, chutes, pipelines and other equipment shall be
thoroughly cleaned after each period of placement.

5. Care for placing of Concrete:

18
Concrete shall be placed in its final position before initial setting of cement starts. Concrete
shall be normally being compacted in its final position after leaving the mixer, and once
compacted it shall not be disturbed.

a) Avoiding Segregation:

Concrete shall in all cases be deposited as nearly as practicable directly in its final position,
and shall not be re-handled or caused to flow in a manner which will cause segregation, loss
of materials, displacement of reinforcement or shuttering or embedded inserts, impair its
strength. For locations where direct placement is not possible, and in narrow forms,
contractor shall provide suitable drop and “Elephant Trunks/chutes” to confine the movement
of concrete. Special care shall be taken when concrete is dropped from a height, especially if
reinforcement is in the way of flow of concrete like in columns and thin walls.

b)Placing by Manual Labour :

Except when otherwise approved, concrete shall be placed in the shuttering by shovels or
other approved implements and shall not be dropped from a height more than 1.0meter or
handled in a manner, which will cause segregation. A separate walkway to be provided for
easy movement of labours carrying concrete.

c) Placing by Mechanical Equipment:

The following specification shall apply when placing of concrete by use of mechanical
equipment is specifically called for while inviting bids or is warranted considering the nature
of work involved.
The control of placing shall begin at the mixer discharge. A vertical drop into the middle of
the bucket or hopper shall discharge concrete, and this principle of a vertical discharge of
concrete shall be adhered to throughout all stages of delivery until the concrete comes to rest
in its final position.

Type of bucket permitted for use:

Central bottom-dump buckets of a type that provides for positive regulation of the amount
and rate of deposition of concrete in all dumping position shall be employed.

Operation of Bucket:
In placing concrete in large open areas the bucket shall be positioned directly over the
designated place and then lowered for dumping. The open bucket shall clear the concrete
already in place and the height of drop shall not exceed 1.5meter. The bucket shall be opened
slowly to avoid high vertical bounce. Dumping of buckets on the swing or in any manner
that results in separation of ingredients or disturbances of previously placed concrete is not
acceptable.

d) Placement in Restricted Forms:

Concrete placed in restricted forms by barrows, buggies, cars, short chutes or hand shoveling
shall be subject to the requirement for vertical delivery of the height to avoid segregation and
shall be deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position.

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e) Transport through Chute:

Where it is necessary to use transfer chutes specific approval of Project Manager must be
obtained to type, length, slopes, baffles, vertical terminals and timings of operations. These
shall be so arranged that an almost continuous flow of concrete be obtained at the discharge
end without segregations. To allow for the loss of mortar against the sides of the chutes, the
first mixes shall have less coarse aggregate. During cleaning of chutes, the waste water shall
be kept clear of the forms. Concrete placed from chute shall not be permitted to fall from a
height more than 1.0meter. Chutes when approved for use, shall have slope not flatter than 1
vertical, 3 horizontal and not steeper than 1 vertical, 2 horizontal. Chutes shall be of metal or
metal lined and or rounded cross section. The slopes of all chute sections shall be
approximately the same. The discharge end of the chutes shall be maintained above the
surface of the concrete forms.

f). Placing by Pumping / Pneumatic Placers:

1. Concrete may be conveyed and placed by mechanically operated equipment e.g. pumps or
pneumatic placers. The slump shall be held to the minimum necessary for conveying
concrete by this method.

2. When pumping is adopted, before pumping of concrete is started, the pipeline shall be
lubricated with one or two batches of mortar composed of one part cement and two parts
sand. The concrete mix shall be specially designed to suit pumping. Care shall be taken to
avoid stoppages in work once pumping has started.

3. When pneumatic placer is used, the manufacturer’s advice on layout of pipeline shall be
followed to avoid blockages and excessive wear. Restraint shall be provided at the discharge
box to cater for the reaction at this end.
Manufacturer’s advice shall be followed regarding concrete quality and all other related
matter when pumping / pneumatic placing equipment’s are used.

g). Compaction:

Concrete shall be compacted during placing, with approved vibrating equipment until the
concrete has been consolidated to the maximum practicable density, and is free of pockets of
coarse aggregate and fit tightly against all form surfaces, reinforcement and embedded
fixtures. Particular care shall be taken to ensure that all concrete placed against the form
faces and into corners of forms or against the form at joints is free from voids or cavities.
The use of caution exercised is consistent with the concrete mix and caution exercised not to
over vibrate the concrete to the point that segregation results.

Type of Vibrators:
Vibrators shall conform to IS specifications. Type of vibrator to be used shall depend on the
structure where concrete is to be placed. Shutter vibrators, to be effective, shall be firmly
secured to the Form work which must be sufficiently rigid to transmit the vibration and
strong enough not to be damaged by it. Immersion vibrator shall be of “no load” frequency,
amplitude and acceleration as per IS 2505 depending on the size of the vibrator. Immersion
vibrator in sufficient numbers and each of adequate size shall be used to properly

20
consolidate all concrete. Tapping or external vibrating of forms by hand / tools or immersion
vibrators is not permitted.

Use of Vibrators:
The exact manner of application and the most suitable machines for the purpose must be
carefully considered and operated by experienced men. Immersion vibrators shall be inserted
vertically at points not more than 50.mm apart and withdrawn when air bubbles cease to
come to the surface. Immersion vibrators shall be withdrawn slowly; in no case shall
immersion vibrators be used to transport concrete inside the forms. Particular attention shall
be paid to vibration at the top of a lift e.g. in a column or wall.

h). Merging Successive Batches:

When placing concrete in layers, which are advancing horizontally as the work progresses,
great care shall be exercised to ensure adequate vibration, blending and merging of the
concrete between the succeeding layers.

i). Penetration of Vibrator.

The Immersion vibrator shall penetrate the layer being placed and also penetrate the layer
below and layer between the two layers and prevent the formation of cold joints.

j). Vibrating against Reinforcement:

Care shall be taken to prevent contact of immersion vibrators against reinforcement steel.
Immersion vibrators shall not be allowed to come in contact with reinforcement steel after
start of initial set. They shall also not be allowed to come in contact with forms or finished
surfaces.

k). Use of Form Attached Vibrators:

Form attached vibrators shall be used only with specific authorization of Project Manager.

l). Use of Surface Vibrators:

The use of surface Vibrators will not be permitted under normal conditions . However, for
thin slabs, such as highway, runways and construction surface vibration by specially designed
vibrators may be used.

m). Stone Pockets and Mortar Pond :

Formation of stone pockets or mortar pond in corners and against faces of forms is not
permitted . Should these occur, they should be dug out , reformed and refilled to sufficient
depth and shape for thorough bonding.

n). Placement interval:

Except when placing with slip forms, each placement of concrete in multiple lift work, shall
be allowed to set for at-least 24 hours after final set of concrete before the start of a
subsequent placement.

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o). Special Provision in Placing:

When placing concrete in wall openings, in floor of integral slab, and beam construction, and
other similar conditions, the placing shall be stopped when the concrete reaches the top of the
opening in walls or bottom horizontal surfaces of the slab, as the case may be. Placing shall
be resumed before the concrete in place takes initial set, but until it has had time to settle.

p). Pacing Concrete through Reinforcement Steel:

When placing concrete through reinforcing steel, care shall be taken to prevent segregation of
the coarse aggregate. Where the congestion of steel makes placing difficult, it may be
necessary to temporarily move the top steel aside to get proper placement and restore
reinforcing steel to desired position.

q). Bleeding:

Bleeding or free water on top of concrete being deposited into the forms, shall be a cause to
stop the concrete pour, and the conditions causing this defect to be corrected before any
further concreting is resumed .

r). Construction Joints and Keys :

i) Concrete shall be placed without interruption until completion of the part of

the work between predetermined construction joints, as specified hereinafter. Time
lapse between the pouring of adjoining units shall be as directed by Project Manager.

ii) If stopping of concreting becomes unavoidable anywhere, a properly formed construction

joint shall be made where the work is stopped. Joints shall be either vertical or horizontal,
unless shown otherwise on drawings. In case of inclined or curved members, the joints shall
be at right angles to the axis of the member. Vertical joints in walls shall be kept to a
minimum. Vertical joints shall be formed against a stop board. Horizontal joints shall be level
and wherever possible, arranged so that the joint lines coincide with the Architectural
features of the finished work. Batten shall be nailed to the form work to ensure a horizontal
line and, if directed shall also be used to form a grooved joint. For tank walls and similar
works, joints shall be formed as per IS 3370. Concrete that is in the process of setting shall
not be disturbed or shaken by traffic either on the concrete itself or upon the shuttering.
Horizontal and Vertical Construction joints and shear keys shall be located and shall conform
to the requirements of the plans unless otherwise directed by Project Manager . Where not
described the joints shall be in accordance with the following:

s). Column joint:

In a column the joint shall be formed 75mm below the lowest Soffit of the beams including
haunches if any. In flat slab construction, the joint shall be 75mm below the Soffit to column
capital. At least 2 hours shall elapse after depositing concrete in columns, piers or walls,
before depositing in beams, girders or slabs supported thereon.

t). Beam and Joints:

22
Concrete in a beam shall be placed throughout without a joint but if the provision of a joint is
unavoidable the joints shall be vertical and at the center or within the middle third of the span
unless otherwise shown on drawings. Where a beam intersects a girder, the joints in the
girder shall be offset a distance equal to twice the width of the beam and additional
reinforcement provided for shear. The joints shall be vertical throughout the full thickness of
the concrete member. A joint in a slab shall be vertical and parallel to the principal
reinforcement . Where it is unavoidably at right angles to the principal reinforcement, the
joint shall be vertical and at the middle of the span.

u). Joints in Liquid Retaining Structures:

Vertical construction joints in watertight construction isl not advisable, unless indicated on
the drawings. Where a horizontal construction joint is required to resist water pressure ,
special care shall be taken in all phases of its construction to ensure maximum water
tightness.

v). Dowels:

Dowels for concrete work, not likely to be taken up in the near future ,shall be wrapped in tar
paper and given any approved anti corrosive treatment ( cement slurry treatment as approved
by structural consultant ).

w). Mass foundations:

Mass foundations shall be poured in lifts not exceeding 1.5m in height unless otherwise
indicated on the drawings or approved by Project Manager.

x). Treatment of Construction Joint on Resuming Concreting:

A drier mix shall be used for the top lift or horizontal pours to avoid laitance. All laitance and
loose stones shall be thoroughly and carefully removed by wire brushing / hacking and
surface washed. Before concreting is resumed the roughened joint surface shall be
thoroughly cleaned and loose matter removed and thus prepared surface watered. Excess
water must be removed . Special care shall be taken to obtain thorough compaction and to
avoid segregation of the concrete along the joint plane.

y). Curing , Protection , Repairing & Mixing:

A) Curing :

1. All concrete is cured till hydration and hardening is complete by keeping it continuously
damp. Preference shall be given to the use of continuous sprays, or water pond, continuously
saturated coverings of sacking , canvas, Hessian or other absorbent materials, or approved
effective curing compounds applied with spraying equipment capable of producing a smooth,
even textured coat. Extra precautions shall be exercised in curing concrete during cold and
hot weather as outlined hereunder. The quality of curing water shall be the same as that used
for mixing concrete .

23
2. Certain types of finish or preparation for overlaying concrete must be done at certain
stages of the curing process and special treatment may be required for specific concrete
surface finish.

3.Curing of concrete made of high Alumina cement and super sulphate cement shall be
carried out as directed by Project Manager.

4. Curing with water: Fresh concrete shall be kept moist after 3hours and continuously wet
for a minimum period of 14 days from the date of placing of concrete following a lapse of 12
hours after laying concrete. The curing of horizontal surfaces exposed to the drying winds
shall however begin immediately after the concrete has hardened. Water shall be applied to
unformed concrete surface within one hour after concrete has set. Water shall be applied to
formed surfaces immediately upon removal of forms. Quantity of water applied shall be
controlled so as to prevent erosion of freshly placed concrete.

5. Continuous Spraying:Curing shall be assured by use of a pressurized water supply system

in pipes, with all necessary appliances of hose, sprinklers and spraying devices, continuous
fine mist spraying or sprinkling shall be used, unless otherwise specified or approved by
Project Manager.

6. Alternate Curing Methods:Whenever, in the judgment of Project Manager, it may be

necessary to omit the continuous spray method , a covering of clean sand or other approved
means such as wet gunny bags which will prevent loss of moisture from the concrete may be
used. No type of covering will be approved which would stain or damage the concrete during
or after the curing period. Covering shall be kept continuously wet during the curing period.

7. For curing of concrete in pavements, sidewalks, floors, flat roofs or other level surfaces,
the Water pond method curing is preferred. Project Manager shall approve the method of
containing water in pond . Special attention shall be given to edges and corners . The pond
shall be kept continuously filled with water during the curing period.

8.Curing Compounds:
“Surface coatings type” curing compounds shall be used only by special permission of
Project Manager. Curing compounds shall be liquid type white pigmented conforming to
U.S. bureau of reclamation specification. No curing compound shall be used on surfaces
where future blending with concrete water or acid proof membrane, or painting is specified.

9. Curing Equipments: All equipment and materials required for curing shall be on hand and
ready for use before concrete is placed.

B). Protecting Fresh Concrete :

Fresh concrete shall be protected from the elements, from defacements, and damage due to
construction operation by leaving forms in place for ample period as specified later in this
specification. Newly placed concrete shall be protected by approved means such as tarpaulins
from rain, sun and winds. Steps as approved by Project Manager shall also be taken to
protect immature concrete from damage by debris, excessive loading, vibration abrasion or
contact with other materials, etc. Workmen shall be warned against and prevent from
disturbing green concrete during its setting period. If it is necessary that workmen enter the

24
area of freshly placed concrete ,bridges may be placed all over the area as directed by Project
Manager.

C). Repair and Replacement of Unsatisfactory Concrete :

1. Immediately after the shuttering is removed , the surface of concrete shall be very
carefully inspected and all defective areas brought to the attention of the Project Manager,
who may permit patching of the defective areas or else reject the concrete either partially or
entirety. Rejected concrete shall be removed and replaced by contractor at no additional
expense to employer . Holes left by form bolts etc., shall be filled up and made good with
mortar made of one part of cement to one and a half parts of sand passing 2.36 mm I.S. Sieve
after removing any loose stone adhering to the concrete. Mortar filling shall be in flush with
the face of the concrete . Concrete surface shall be finished as described under the particular
items of work .

2. Superficial honeycomb surfaces and rough patches shall be similarly made good
immediately after removal of shuttering . The surface of the exposed concrete placed against
shuttering shall be rubbed down immediately on removal of shuttering to remove fins or
other irregularities shall be removed by grinding.

3. If reinforcement is exposed or the honeycombing occurs at vulnerable position e.g. ends of

beams or columns it may be necessary to cut out the member completely or in part and
reconstruct. The decision of Project Manager shall be final in this regard. If only patching is
necessary, the defective concrete shall be cut out till solid concrete is reached ( or to a
minimum depth of 25 mm ) the edges being cut perpendicular to the affected Surface or with
small under cut if possible. Anchors, tees or dowels,tail slots shall be provided wherever
necessary to attach the new concrete securely in place. An area extending several centimeters
beyond the edges and the surfaces of the prepared voids shall be saturated with water for 24
hours immediately before the patching material is placed .

4. Use of Epoxy :The use of Epoxy for bonding fresh concrete to old concrete for repairs will
be permitted upon written approval of Project Manager. Epoxies shall be applied in strict
accordance with the instruction of the manufacturer.

5. Method of repair: Small size holes having surface dimensions of about the depth of the
hole, left after removal of form bolts, grout insert holes and slots cut for repair of cracks shall
be repaired as follows. The holes to be patched shall be roughened and thoroughly soaked
with clean water until absorption stops.

A 5mm thick layer of grout of equal parts of cement and sand shall be well brushed into the
surface to be patched, followed immediately by the patching concrete which shall be well
consolidated with a wooden float and left slightly out of the surrounding surface. The
concrete patch shall be built up in 10mm thick layers. After an hour or more, depending upon
weather conditions, it shall be worked with a wooden float to flush with rest of the surface
and a smooth finish obtained by wiping with Hessian. A steel trowel shall not be used for this
purpose. The mix for patching shall be of the same material and the same coarse aggregates
may be necessary and the mix shall be kept as dry as possible.
Mortar filling by air pressure ( gunniting ) shall be used for repair of areas too large and /or
too shallow for patching with mortar, Patched surfaces shall be given a final treatment to
match the colour and texture of the surrounding concrete .

25
6. Curing of Patched work: The patched area shall be covered immediately with an approved
non-staining, water-saturated material such as gunny bag , which shall be kept continuously
wet and protected against sun and wind for a period of 24 hours. Thereafter, the patched area
shall be kept wet continuously by a fine spray or sprinkling for not less than 10 days.

7. All materials, procedures and operations used in the repair of concrete and also the
finished repair work shall be subject to the approval of Project Manager. All fillings shall be
tightly bonded to the concrete and shall be sound, free from shrinkage / cracks after the
fillings have been cured and dried.

C). Finish for Formed Surfaces:

The types of finish for formed concrete surfaces shall be as follows, unless otherwise
specified by the Project Manager.

For surfaces against which backfill or concrete is to be placed, no treatment is required

except repair of defective areas.

For surfaces below ground, which will receive waterproofing treatment, the concrete shall be
free of surface irregularities, which would interface with proper application of the water
proofing material, which is specified for use.

Unless specified, surfaces which will be exposed to weather and which would normally be
leveled, shall be sloped for drainage. Unless the drawing specifies a horizontal surface, or
shows the slopes required, the tops of narrow surfaces such as stair treads, walls, curbs and
parapets shall be sloped across the width approximately 1 to 30. Broader surfaces shall be
sloped out 1 to 50. Surfaces that will be covered by backfill or concrete sub-floors to be
covered with concrete topping, Terrazzo or Quarry tile, and similar surfaces shall be smooth,
screed and leveled to produce even surfaces. Surface irregularities shall not exceed 6mm.
Outside decks, floor of galleries and sumps, parapets, gutters, sidewalks, floors and slabs,
shall be consolidated, screed and floated. Excess water and laitance shall be removed before
final finishing. Floating may be done with hand or power tools and started as soon as the
screed surface has attained a stiffness to permit finishing to produce a surface uniform in
textures and free from screed marks or other imperfections. Joint and edges shall be tooled as
called for on the drawings as directed by Architects / Project Manager.

i). Standard finish for exposed concrete:

Exposed concrete shall mean any concrete, other than floors or slabs, exposed to view upon
completion of the job. Unless otherwise specified on the drawings, the standard finish for
exposed concrete shall be smooth finish.
A smooth finish shall be obtained with the use of lined or plywood forms having smooth and
even surfaces and edges. Panels and form linings shall be of uniform size and be as large as
practicable and installed with closed joints. Upon removal of forms the joint marks shall be
finished to smooth surface and all blemishes, projections, etc., removed leaving the surfaces
reasonably smooth and unmarked.

ii). Integral Cement Concrete Finish:

26
When specified on the drawings an integral cement concrete finish of specified thickness of
floors and slabs shall be applied either monolithic or bonded, as specified on the drawings, as
per I.S.2571. The surface shall be compacted and then floated with a wood float or power-
floating machine. The surface shall be tested with a straight edge and any high and low spots
eliminated. Floating or trawling of the finish shall be permitted only after all surface water
has evaporated. Dry cement or a mixture of dry cement and sand shall not be sprinkled
directly on the surface of the cement finish to absorb moisture or to stiffen the mix.

iii). Rubbed Finish:

A rubbed finish shall be provided only on exposed surfaces as specified on the drawings.
Upon removal of forms, all fins and other projections on the surfaces shall be carefully
removed, carefully level all offsets, voids and or damaged sections immediately saturated
with water, and repaired by filling with concrete or mortar of the same composition as was
used in the surface. The surface shall then be thoroughly wet and rubbed with carborundum
or other abrasive. Cement mortar may be used in the rubbing, but the finished surface shall
not be brush coated with either cement or grout after rubbing. The finished surfaces shall
present a uniform and smooth performance.

27
WORK INSTRUCTION FOR FORMWORK INSTALLATION & CARE:

a) Form work:

The form work shall consist of shores, bracings, sides of beams and columns, bottom of
slabs, etc., including ties, anchors, hangers, inserts, etc., complete, which shall be properly
designed and planned for the work. False work shall be so constructed that vertical
adjustments is possible. Wedges may be used at the top or bottom of vertical supports but
not at both ends, to facilitate vertical adjustments or dismantling of the form work.

b) Design of Form work:

The design of the form work as well as its construction shall be the responsibility of
contractor. For further details regarding design, detailing etc., reference may be made to IS
14687. The design shall take into account all the loads vertical as well as lateral that the
forms will be carrying including live and vibration loading. Casuarina / wooden poles are not
allowed for staging or centering work. Telescopic jacks and telescopic spans or similar
support hold centering for slab.

c) Type of Form work:

Form work may be of timber , plywood , metal, plastic or concrete. For special finishes the
form work may be lined with plywood, steel sheets, oil tempered hard boards, etc,. sliding
forms and slip forms may be used with the approval of Project Managers.

d) Form work Requirements:

i). Forms shall conform to the shape, line, grades and dimensions including camber of the
concrete as called for on the drawings. Ample studs, whalers, braces, ties, straps, shoes, etc.,
shall be used to hold the forms in proper position without any distortion whatsoever, until the
concrete has set sufficiently to permit removal of forms. Forms shall be strong enough to
permit the use of immersion vibrators. Where form vibrators are used, the shuttering shall be
close boarded. Timber shall be well seasoned, free from sap, shakes, loose knots, wormholes,
warps or other concrete surface defects. Forms in contact with concrete shall be from
adhering grout, plaster, paint, projecting nails, splits or other defects. Joints shall be
sufficiently tight to prevent loss of water and fine material from concrete.

ii). Plastic coated marine plywood for beams, lintel beams, columns and steels for slabs and
combination of steel and plywood for sloping roof shall be used.

Iii). All new and used form timber shall be maintained in a good condition with respect to
shape, strength ,rigidity, water tightness , smoothness and cleanliness of surfaces. Forms
unsatisfactory in any respect shall not be used.

Vi). Shores supporting successive floors shall be placed directly over those below or be so
designed and placed that the load will be transmitted directly to them. Thrust supports shall
be provided for shores that cannot be secured on adequate foundations.

v). Form work during any stage of construction showing signs of distortion or distorted to
such a degree that the intended concrete work will not conform to the exact contours

28
indicates on the drawings shall be repositioned and strengthened. Poured concrete affected by
the faulty form work shall be removed entirely and the form work corrected prior to placing
new concrete.

vi). Excessive construction camber to compensate for shrinkage, settlement , etc., that may
impair the structural strength of members is not permitted.

Vii). Forms for substructure concrete shall not be omitted even if the open excavation is
firm enough to act as the form. Such excavation shall be slightly larger than required by the
drawings to compensate for irregularities in excavation and to ensure the design
requirements.

Viii). Forms shall be so designed and constructed that their removal will not damage the
concrete face. Form work shall provide true vertical and horizontal joints, conform to the
Architectural features of the structures as to the location of joints and be as directed by
Project Manager.

ix). Wherever exposed smooth or rubbed concrete finish is required the forms shall be
constructed with special care so that the resulting concrete surface will require a minimum
finish.

x). The material specified for form work of various structural elements shall be as follows in
decreasing order of preference:

Footing Marine Plywood ( plastic film coated)/ Steel

Walls / Columns Marine Plywood (plastic film coated)
Beams Marine Plywood (plastic film coated)
Domes Marine Plywood ( plastic film coated)/ Steel

xi). All columns without exception and walls shall have 75mm high starters with Marine Ply
wood ( plastic film coated)/ Steel / steel frames as form work

e) Bracing, struts and props:

Shuttering shall be braced, strutted, propped and so supported that it shall not deform under
weight and pressure of the concrete and also due to the movement of men and other
materials. Casuarina poles shall not be used.
The shuttering for beams and slabs shall be so erected that the shuttering on the sides of the
beams and under the Soffit of slabs can be removed without disturbing the beam bottoms .
Re- propping of beams shall not be done except when props have to be reinstated to take
care of construction loads anticipated being in excess of the design load. Vertical props shall
be supported on wedges or other members shall be taken whereby the props can be gently
lowered vertically while striking the shuttering.
If the shuttering for a column is erected for the full height of the column , one side shall be
left open and built upon sections as placing of concrete proceeds or windows may be left for
pouring concrete form the side to limit the drop of concrete to 1.0meter or as directed by
Project Manager.

29
f) Form Oils:

Mold releasing agents like Fosroc / Cerachem / rebol or any other approved oil has to be used
Using of waste oil is prohibited.

g) Chamfers and fillets:

All corner and angle exposed in the finished structure shall be formed with molding to form
chamfers or fillets on the finished concrete . The standard dimensions of chamfers and fillets,
unless otherwise specified , shall be 20mm X 20mm. Care shall be exercised to ensure
accurate moldings. The diagonal face of the molding shall be pained or surfaced to the
texture as the form to which it is attached .

h) Vertical construction joints, Chamfers:

Vertical construction joints on faces, which will be exposed at the completion of work, shall
be chamfered as above except where not permitted by Project Manager for structural or
hydraulic reason .

i) wire ties:

Wire ties passing through the walls should not not allowed . Also through bolts should not be
permitted. For fixing of form work alternate arrangements such as column shall be adopted .

j) Reuse of forms:

Before reuse, all forms shall be thoroughly scraped, cleaned, nails removed, holes that may
leak are suitably plugged and joints examined and when necessary, repaired and the inside
retreated to prevent adhesion, to the satisfaction of Project Manager. Warped lumber shall be
resized. Contractor shall equip himself with enough shuttering to complete the job in the
stipulated time.

k) Removal of forms:

i). Record on the drawing or on a special register the date upon which the concrete is placed
in each part of the work and the date on which the shuttering is removed there from.

ii). In no circumstances shall forms be struck until the concrete reaches strength of at least
twice the stress due to self-weight and any construction/erection loading to which the
concrete may be subjected at the time of striking form work.

Iii). In normal circumstances (generally) where temperature is above 20º C forms may be
struck after expiry of the following periods.

Sl. Description Ordinary Portland Portland Pozzolona .

Cement concrete cement concrete

1 Walls, columns, vertical side

of beams 16 to 24 hours 3days/instructed

30
2. Slabs (props left under) 3 days 7 days
3. Beam Soffits (props left under) 7 days 10 days
4. Removal of props under slabs
Spanning up to 4.5m 7 days 10 days
Spanning over 4.5m 14 days 14 days
5. Removal of props under beams & arches:
i. Spanning up to 6.0m 14 days 14 days
ii. Spanning over 6.0m 21 days 21 days
6. For perforated slab 120mm thick 14 days 14 days

iv). Striking shall be done slowly with utmost care to avoid damage and without causing
shock or vibration, by gently easing the wedges. If after removing the form work it is found
that timber has been embedded in the concrete it shall be removed and made good as
specified earlier.

v). Reinforced temporary openings shall be provided, as directed by Project Manager, to

facilitate removal of form work which otherwise may be inaccessible.

vi). Tie rods, clamps, form bolts etc., which must be entirely removed from walls or similar
structures shall be loosened not sooner than 24 hours nor later than 40 hours after the
concrete has been deposited. Ties except those required holding forms in place might be
removed at the same time. Ties withdrawn from walls and grade beams shall be pulled
towards the inside face. Cutting ties back from the face of walls and grade beam will not be
permitted.

Vii)) All surfaces upon or against which concrete will be placed shall be suitably prepared by
thoroughly cleaning , washing and de watering , as may be indicated in the plans or as
Project manager may direct , to meet the various situation encountered in the work.

viii) Soft or spongy areas shall be cleaned out and back filled with either a soil-cement
mixture, lean concrete or clean sand fill, compacted to a minimum density of 95 % modified
proctor , unless otherwise mentioned in schedule of quantities

ix) Prior to construction of Form work for any item where soil will act as bottom form,
approval shall be obtained from Project Manager as to the suitability of soil.

31
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PREPARATION OF SURFACES FOR
VARIOUS ACTIVITIES:

A) Preparation of Rock Strata of Foundations:

i). To provide tight bond with rock foundations, the rock surface shall be prepared and the
following general requirements shall be observed.

ii). Concrete shall not be deposited on large sloping rock surfaces. Where required by Project
Manager or as indicated on the plans, the rock shall be cut to form rough steps or benches to
provide roughness or a more suitable bearing surface.

iii). Rock foundation stratum shall be prepared by picking, barring, wedging and similar
methods which will leave the rock in an entirely sound and unsheltered condition.

iv). Shortly before concrete is placed, the rock surface shall be cleaned with high-pressure
water and air jet even though it may have been previously cleaned in that manner.

v). Before placing concrete on rock surfaces all water shall be removed from depression to
permit through inspection and proper bonding of the concrete to the rock.

B) Preparation of Earth Strata of Foundations:

All the earth surfaces upon which or against which concrete is to be placed shall be well
compacted and free from standing water, mud or debris. Soft, yielding soil shall be removed
and replaced with suitable earth and well compacted as directed by Project manager. Where
specified, lean concrete shall be provided on the earth stratum for receiving concrete. The
surface of absorbing soils against which concrete is to be placed shall be moistened
thoroughly so that no moisture will be drawn from the freshly placed concrete.

C) Preparation of Concrete Surfaces:

Concrete Surface of layer being concreted and upon which additional concrete is to be placed
later, is prepared by scarring and cleaning while the concrete is between its initial and final
set. This method shall be used wherever practicable and shall consist of cutting the surface
with picks and stiff brooms and by use of approved combination of air and water jet as
directed by Project Manager. Great care shall be taken in performing this work to avoid
removal of too much mortar and the weakening of the surface by loosening of aggregate.
When it is not practicable to follow the above method, it will be necessary to employ air tools
to remove laitance and roughen the surface.

D) Bonding Treatment (Mortar):

i). Rock or concrete surfaces upon which new concrete is to be placed, shall be scarred,
cleaned and wet as specified herein, they shall receive a bonding treatment immediately
before placement of the concrete.

ii). The bonding medium shall be a coat of cement sand mortar. The mortar shall have the
same cement proportions as the concrete, which shall be placed on it. The water cement ratio
shall be determined by conditions for placing and as approved by Project Manager.

32
iii). Bonding mortar shall be placed in sufficient quantity to completely cover the surfaces. It
shall be brushed or broom over the surface and worked thoroughly into all cracks crevices
and dispersions. Accumulations or putties or mortar shall not be allowed to settle inside
depressions. Accumulations or puddles or mortar shall be brushed out to a satisfactory degree
as determined by Project Manager.

iv). Mortar shall be placed at such a rate that it can be brushed over the surface just in
advance of placement of concrete . only as much area shall be covered with mortar as can be
covered with concrete before initial set in the mortar takes place. The amount of mortar that
will be permitted to be placed at any one time or the area which is to be covered shall be in
accordance with project Manager’s direction.

E) Cleaning & Bonding Formed Construction Joints:

Vertical construction joints shall be cleaned as specified above or by any other methods
approved by Project Manager. Construction joints for concrete placed against form, the
surface of the joints where accessible, shall be coated thoroughly with specified bed-joint
bonding mortar immediately before they are covered with concrete or by scrubbing with wire
brooms dipped into the fresh concrete. Where it is impracticable to apply such a mortar
coating , special precautions shall be taken to ensure that the new concrete is brought into
intimate contact with the surface of the joint by careful pudding and spading with aid of
vibrators and suitable tools .

F) Expansion and Contraction:

Provision shall be made for expansion and contraction in concrete by use of special types of
joints located as shown on the drawing . Contraction joint surfaces shall be treated as directed
by the specifications on the drawings or as directed by Project Manager.

33
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETING IN VARIOUS
CONDITIONS:

1. Hot Weather Requirements:

a) All concrete work performed in hot weather shall be in accordance with SI:7861 part
1-1975 except as herein modified.

b) Admixtures may be used only when approved by Project Manager .

c) Adequate provisions shall be made to lower concrete temperatures by cool ingredients

eliminating excessive mixing , preventing exposure of mixers and conveyors to direct
sunlight and the use of reflective paint on mixers etc. , The temperature of the freshly placed
concrete shall not be permitted to exceed 40ºC. Contractors shall be equipped to check the
temperature as and when required by project manger.

d) Consideration shall be given to shading aggregate stock piles from direct rays of the sun
and spraying, stock pipes with water, use of cold water when available, and burying,
insulating, shading and /or painting white to the pipe lines and water storage tanks and
conveyors.

e) Wooden forms, sub surface, adjacent concrete and other moisture absorbing surfaces shall
be well wet prior to concreting , Placement and finishing shall be done as quickly as possible.

f) Extra precautions shall be taken for the protection and curing of concrete . Consideration
shall be given to continuous water curing and protection against high temperatures and
drying hot winds, for a period of at least 7 days immediately after concrete has set, after
which normal curing procedures may be resumed

2. Placing Concrete Underwater:

a)Under all ordinary conditions all foundations shall be completely de-watered and concrete
placed in the dry. However, when concrete placement under water is necessary all work shall
conform to I.S.456 456 and the concrete shall be deposited underwater by means of
“Tremies”, or drop bottom buckets of approved type.

34
WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PLACING VARIOUS KINDS OF CONCRETE:

1. Plain cement concrete for general work:

a) For plain cement concrete work, the specifications for materials viz. cement , sand, fine
and coarse aggregates and water shall be the same as that specified in reinforced concrete
work specifications.

b) But the proportions of mix will be nominal and the ratio of fine and coarse aggregate may
be slightly adjusted within limits keeping the total volume of aggregates to the given volume
of cement constant, to suit the sieve analysis of both the aggregates. Cement shall on no
account be measured by volume, but it shall always be used directly from the bags i.e
50kg / bag

c) The quantity of water used shall be such as to produce concrete of consistency required by
the particular class of work and shall be decided by the use of slump cone. Sufficient care
should be taken to see that no excess quantity of water is used. The Project Manager on the
basis of test in each case shall decide the final proportion of the aggregate and the quantity of
water.

d) All plain concrete shall be preferably mixed in a drum type power driven machine with a
loading hopper, which will permit the accurate measure of various ingredients. If hand
mixing is authorized, it should be done on a watertight platform.

e) The mixing of each batch in the concrete mixer shall continue for not less than one and
half minute after the materials are loaded and the materials per batch shall not exceed the
manufacturers rated capacity of the mixer.

f) Concrete shall be poured and consolidated in its final position within half an hour of
mixing. The tampering of concrete, which has partially hardened, that is re-mixing with or
without additional cement, aggregate or water shall is not permitted. Concrete of 1:3:6 and
1:2:4 proportions will be required to be vibrated if specified and directed by the Project
Manager. In case if the thickness of concrete is more than 150mm, it is vibrated if, directed
by the Project Manager.

g) The concrete shall be cured for 10 days in ordinary weather and 15days in cold weather.

35
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR READYMIX CONCRETE:

The ready mixed concrete shall generally comply with the requirements of IS:456-1964.

The minimum quantity of cement and the details regarding proportioning and works control
shall be as per tender clause .

When a truck mixer or agitator is used for mixing and transportation of concrete, no water
from the truck-water system or from elsewhere shall be added after the initial introduction of
mixing water for the batch, except when on arrival at the site, the slump of the concrete is
less than that specified such additional water to bring the slump with required limits shall be
injected into the mixer under such pressure and direction that the requirements for uniformity
specified, such additional water to bring the slump within required limits shall be injected in
to the mixer under such pressure and direction that the requirements for uniformity specified
in “appendix A” are met.

Unless otherwise agreed, when truck mixer of agitator is used for transporting concrete, the
concrete shall be delivered to the site of the works and discharge shall be complete within 1.5
hours ) of adding the mixing water to the dry mix of cement aggregate or of adding the
cement to the aggregate, which ever is earlier.

Temperature: The temperature of the concrete at the place & time of delivery, shall be not
less than 5º C unless otherwise required by the purchaser. No concrete shall be delivered
when the site temperature is less than 2.5º C and the thermometer reading is falling.

The temperature of the concrete shall not exceed 5ºC above prevailing shade temperature.
When the shade temperature is over 20ºC, the temperature of concrete mass on delivery shall
not exceed 40ºC.

The sampling and testing of concrete shall be done in accordance with relevant requirements
of IS:456.1964, IS: 1199- 1959 and IS: 516- 1959.

Consistency or Workability: The tests for consistency or workability shall be carried out
in accordance with requirements of IS: 1199-1959 or by such other method as may be agreed
to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

Strength Test: The compressive strength and flexural strength tests shall be carried out in
accordance wit the requirements of IS: 516-1959 and the acceptance criteria for concrete
whether supplied on the basis of specified strength or on the basis of mix proportion, shall
conform to the requirements of “Table 5” and other related requirements of IS: 456-1964.

Manufacturer’s records and certificates: The manufacturer shall keep batch records of
the quantities by mass of all the solid materials, of the total amount of water used in mixing
and of the results of all tests. The manufacturer shall furnish certificates, at agreed intervals,
giving this information to the purchaser.

36
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PRECAST CONCRETE:

General

All pre-cast concrete shall be cast over vibrating tables or by using form vibrators. The
concrete mix shall conform in all respect to “ Various Concrete” described in the appropriate
paragraph under this section. Exposed pre-cast surfaces shall be finished as called for on the
drawing or Architects / Project Manager. All surfaces coming in contact with in-situ concrete
shall be wire brushed and hosed down until the aggregate is free from cement slurry.
Castellation shall be provided wherever called for. Leaving grouting holes, grooves, inserts,
projections, reinforcements, “J” lifting hooks etc., to conform to the erection procedure. All
edges and delicate projection likely to be damaged during erection shall be protected by
means of wooden cover fillets, until placed in position.

All pre-cast members shall be exactly of the size and pattern shown on drawings and shall be
made up in the following manner.

All units shall be integrally cast, steel form work shall be used for making members.

The pre cast units shall not be removed from the forms for three days.

The Architects/Project Manager/consultants before proceeding with the work shall approve
samples of each part.

Unit may require to be wet before bedding. The concrete base shall be wet and coated with
slurry, and minimum of mixing water shall be used in the bedding mortar which shall be
Portland cement and sand

37
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR REINFORCEMENTS:

BARBENDING SCHEDULE:

Before commencement of fabrication of any steel reinforcement, bar bending schedule to

be prepared.

MATERIAL:

Steel Reinforcement used shall be of high yield strength, cold worked deformed steel bars of
tested quality conforming to IS 1786 or hot rolled high tensile deformed steel bars of tested
quality conforming to IS 1139. If it is established by test results that the characteristics and
quality of steel tested do not conform to the standards laid down in the relevant applicable IS
the particular batch/consignment of steel from which the above samples are tested shall not
be incorporated in the work.
Quality of the steel shall be tested (physical and chemical) for every load in an approved
testing laboratory, at the expense of the contractor. Steel shall not be used for fabrication till
the test report is submitted and got the approval from the Project manager.

Binding wire shall be black annealed steel wire conforming to IS 280 of minimum 18
gauges, except for galvanized steel wire. Binding shall be done with double strands.

Electrodes used for welding of steel bars shall be ordinary mild steel grade electrodes
conforming to IS 814 and shall be of the best quality approved by the Project Manager.

STORAGE:

Reinforcement shall be handled and stored in a manner that bending or distortion of the bars
is avoided and contamination of steel is prevented
All reinforcement shall be stored horizontally above ground level on platforms, skids or other
approved supports, clear of any running or standing water. Contact with soil should be
avoided to avoid corrosion.

Bars of different classification and diameters shall be stored separately.

A record shall be kept of the batch numbers of reinforcement deliveries in such a form that
the part of the works in which particular reinforcement is used can be readily identified.

Welding electrodes shall be stored in moisture-controlled environment in accordance

with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

FABRICATION:

Reinforcement steel shall be carefully and accurately cut, bent or formed to the dimensions
and configurations shown on the drawings and bar bending schedules.

38
All reinforcement shall be bent cold, using appropriate pin sizes. Bars may be preheated
only on approval of the Project Manager. Hot bars shall not be cooled by quenching. Bends
shall be in accordance with IS 2502.

It shall be ensured that the bars are not bent or straightened in any manner that will injure the
material. Any bars incorrectly bent shall be used only if meant for strengthening and re
bending be done in a manner such as not to affect the material adversely. Reinforcement
shall not be re bent or straightened without prior review by the Project Manager. No
Reinforcement shall be bent when in position on the works without the approval of the
Project Manager, whether or not it is partially embedded in hardened concrete.

Reinforcement steel having a reduced section, visible transverse cracks in bends, or

otherwise damaged in anyway shall not be used.

Spiral reinforcement shall be accurately fabricated to the pitch shown on the drawings. One
and one half ( 1 ½) finishing turns shall be provided at both top and bottom unless shown
otherwise.

PLACEMENT:

All reinforcement shall be placed accurately and maintained in the position indicated on the
drawings.

Provide approved type of supports for maintaining the bars in position and ensuring required
spacing and correct cover of concrete to the reinforcement as noted on the drawings. Pre cast
cement concrete cover blocks of required shape and size, chairs and spacer bars shall be used
in order to ensure accurate positioning of reinforcement. Pre cast concrete cover blocks shall
be cast well in advance and shall be least, equal in quality to the class of concrete specified in
the work.
In fair faces of concrete, temporary spacers shall only be used and removed or withdrawn as
the compaction of concrete proceeds. No spacer shall be left in fair face of concrete.

All intersections of the reinforcement shall be securely tied with two strands of binding wire
twisted tight to make the skeleton or network rigid so that the reinforcement is not displaced
during placing of concrete.

Tack welding of crossing bars shall not be done except as approved by the Project Manager.

Take all reasonable precautions to ensure that when handling or erecting reinforcement no
damage shall occur to finished concrete. Bars that are partially embedded in concrete shall
not be field bent, unless approval has been obtained from the Project Manager.

Walkways and barrow runs for placing and compacting the concrete shall be independent of
the reinforcement.

Loose binding wire and other extraneous metal shall be removed from inside the form work
prior to concrete placing.

Without relieving the contractor of the responsibilities for the correctness thereof; the
reinforcement shall be inspected and approved by the Project Manager in writing, before any

39
concrete is placed and the contractor shall allow sufficient time for such inspection and any
subsequent remedial action to be carried out.

No part of the reinforcement shall be used for conducting electrical currents.

COVER TO REINFORCEMENTS:

Care shall be taken to maintain the correct cover to reinforcements, unless otherwise
specified, on the drawings, the following minimum clear cover (exclusive of rendering or
other decorative finish) shall be provided in all reinforced concrete work.

a) At each end of a reinforcing bar the minimum cover shall be 25mm or twice the diameter
of bar.
b) For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a column the minimum cover shall not be less than
50mm. In the case of columns less than 250mm thick the minimum cover shall be 25mm.
c) For a longitudinal reinforcing bar in a beam the minimum cover shall be 25mm and not
less than diameter of bar.
d) For tensile, compressive shear reinforcements in a slab, not less than 15mm and not less
than the diameter of bar.
e) For Cantilever slabs, the minimum cover shall be not less than 25mm.
f) For vertical or horizontal reinforcements in concrete walls the minimum cover shall be not
less than 25mm and not less than diameter of bar.
g) For main or subsidiary reinforcements in concrete footings and pile caps, the minimum
cover is not less than 50mm.

For concrete members exposed to the atmosphere, action of harmful chemicals (as in case of
concrete faces in contact with earth contaminated with such materials) acid vapour, saline
atmosphere, Sulfurous smoke etc., as directed by the Architects/Project Manager. For
concrete members of water retaining structures, covers for reinforcements shall be as
stipulated in ISD:3370 (Part 11) 1965.

CLEANING:

After placing, the reinforcement shall be maintained in a clean condition until the concrete is
placed. On no account the bars shall be oiled or painted or mold oil used on the form work
be allowed to come in contact with the bars.

Before concreting commences, the bars shall be thoroughly cleaned with dry gunny bag if
they are coated lightly with rust or other impurities.

WELDED LAPS:

Wherever specified in the drawings or instructed by the Project Manager welded laps shall be
provided.

40
The welding of bars shall be done in accordance with IS 816 and as specified on the
drawings and instructions. But welding between the ends of bars in line whereby the
stress is transferred across the weld shall not be permitted. No welding shall be done at
the bend in a bar.

The thickness of weld shall be 0.2 diameter of the (of the smaller diameter, if two different
size bars are welded together) bar unless otherwise specified in the drawings. The length of
longitudinal bead to weld cold twisted deformed bars shall be 12 diameters of the bar, of
which not more than half the length shall be permitted for a continuous bead. Gaps between
two such consecutive beads shall be provided as indicated in the drawings.

Only a qualified and tested welder specifically trained and experienced in welding of
reinforcement bars to execute the welding of laps.

Before carrying out the welding of bars on site, make minimum 3 joints and get them
tested in an approved laboratory (including X ray testing of welds if required) .Carry
out the welding only after the satisfactory test certificate from the laboratory has been
obtained. Whenever the welder changes, similar tests shall be carried out.

The following precautions must be taken for welded laps:

If the cold twisted deformed bar to be lapped has an untwisted end at the lapping point, the
same portion shall be cut off prior to welding up to a length of at least 100mm from such end.

Bars shall be free from rust at the joints to be welded. Bars shall be aligned and kept in
proper axis in order to minimize crookedness in bar after welding. Slag produced in welding
after alternative run should be chipped and removed by brush. No arc is struck by touching
electrode to the bar, to begin welding.

SPACING OF COVER BLOCKS, CHAIRS AND SPACERS:

In case of beam and slabs, pre cast cover blocks in cement mortar 1:2 about 4cms X 4cms
section and of thickness equal to the specified cover shall be placed between the bars and
shuttering, so as to secure and maintain the requisite cover of concrete over reinforcement.

In case of cantilevered and doubly reinforced beams or slabs, the vertical distance between
the horizontal bars shall be maintained by introducing chairs, spacers or support bars of steel
at 1.0meter or at shorter spacing to avoid sagging.

Spacers or chairs should be placed at a maximum spacing of 1.0meter.

41
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR FLOORING:

a) PREPARATION OF SURFACE OF BASE CONCRETE:

Before the operation for laying of floor is started, the surface of base concrete shall be
thoroughly cleaned off all dirt, loose particles, caked mortar drippings, by scrubbing with
coir or steel wire brushes. If required, chipping or hacking at close intervals shall roughen
the surface. The surface shall then be cleaned with water and kept wet for 12 hours and
surplus water shall be removed by moping before the topping is laid.

b) TERRAZO TILE FLOORING:

The tiles shall conform to IS: 1237. The mosaic topping of lighter shade tiles shall be made
of white cement with an approved shade pigment and natural shade tiles shall be of gray
cement with an approved shade pigment. The type of tiles shall be as specified in respective
items or schedule of finish whichever is applicable.

The sub-grade shall be thoroughly wet after cleaning of all dirt, and loose materials as
specified at (a) above. A bed of cement mortar consisting of one part of cement and 6 parts
of sand shall be laid and properly leveled to an average thickness of 20mm and the surface
shall be kept slightly rough to form a satisfactory KEY for tiles.

Neat cement paste of honey like consistency shall be spread over mortar bed, over such area
at a time as would accommodate about 20 tiles. Tiles shall be soaked in water at least 15
minutes and allowed to dry for the same duration. Tiles shall then be fixed with a thin coat
of cement paste back of each tile and then each tile gently tapped with a wooden mallet till it
is properly bedded in level with adjoining tiles. Joints shall be fine and as imperceptible as
possible.

After the tiles have been laid in a room or day’s fixing work is completed, the surplus cement
grout that may have come out of the joints may be wiped off gently and joints cleaned. Thick
slurry of coloured cement matching the colour of tiles shall be spread over it and rubbed so
as to seal even the thinnest joint between the tiles and make it impervious and the flooring
cured for 14 days. The floor shall be polished and finished according to IS: 1443.

c) TERRAZO TILE, DADO, SKIRTING AND RISERS:

Tiles, shall conform to IS: 1237 and shall be of approved design, the tiles shall be fixed with
neat cement grout on a backing coat of 1:4 cement sand plaster. The joints shall be filled
with matching shade coloured cement slurry. The surface shall be kept wet for 14 days and
then be polished with carborundum stone to obtain smooth surface finish and fine polish.

d) SHAHABAD / BLUE / TANDUR STONE FLOORING:

Flooring shall be either with rough stones or machine polished hand cut stones as specified in
respective items / finishing schedule. The stones shall be of specified thickness and of
approved quality and size, free from cracks and flakes and shall be of uniform colour with

42
straight edges. The edges of hand cut and machine polished stones shall be laid and finished
as described under terrazzo tiles flooring on a bedding of cement mortar of proportion1:4
and 20mm (average) thickness. The finished stone surface thus laid shall be machine
polished to the required degree as approved by the Architects/Project Manager.

e) MARBLE FLOORING:

All marble shall be of first class quality and carefully selected and shall be free from cracks,
stains, and porosity, streaks or other defects, which would impair its appearances and
durability. These are to be laid by an approved firm of specialists.

Marble of approved quality shall be used and the Contractors shall submit samples for
approval by the Architects / Project Manager / Employer. All marble shall be matched so that
colour and veins shall be uniform throughout. If any finished materials do not in the opinion
of the Architects/Project Manager/Employer reasonably conform to the approved sample, it
will be rejected and the Contractor shall replace the same without additional cost.

All marble work is to be machine cut. All edges of marble slabs are to be cut square and no
under cutting whatsoever will be allowed.

Marble floor is to be laid on ¾” bed of mortar consisting four parts of sand to one pert of
cement. Marble slab shall have a backing of white cement slurry before laying on the
mortar bed.

All marble work is to be protected with POP with an under cover of polythene sheet with an
overlap at the joints held firmly with an adhesive tape until the completion of all other works
and finally polished to the approval of the Architects/Project Manager/Employer.

f) SHAHABAD STONE STAIRCASE TREADS :

This shall be laid as at “d)” above, all exposed edges shall be wax polished.

g) SHAHABAD /BLUE / TANDUR / MARBLE STONE SKIRTING AND RISERS:

Shahabad stone slabs shall be laid on a backing plaster of cement mortar 1:4 of 12mm
(average) thick and finished as described in terrazzo dado/skirting.

h) TERRAZO INSITU WORK IN DADO:

The terrazzo finish shall be laid on an under layer of cement mortar 1:4 and of 12mm thick.
The topping shall consists of a layer of marble chips of selected sizes, colour and design
approved by the Architects/Project Manager, mixed with cement with the desired shade of
pigment and minimum thickness shall not be less than 6mm.

For lighter shade terrazzo, white cement shall be used and for natural shade gray cement shall
be used. The terrazzo mixture shall consist of one part of Portland cement and two parts of
approved crushed marble chips. The chips shall be free from foreign matter dust, etc., and
shall be of uniform size, gauge etc.,

43
The topping shall be mixed and laid in panels as directed by the Architects /Project Manager.
It shall be polished as specified in IS: 2144.
i) GLAZED TILES / CERAMIC TILES IN FLOORING AND DADOOING:

Tile grid marking to be done and approved by Architect/Project Manager for all
flooring and dadoing works before commencement of actual laying.

Glazed tiles of an approved makes shall be used. They shall be of specified size and
thickness. All specials i.e. covers internal and external angles, corners, beads, spacers etc,
shall be used wherever directed.

Under layer of specified thickness and mortar of stipulated proportion shall be laid as
described in marble mosaic flooring/dado. Tiles shall be washed clean and set in cement
grout and each tiles properly bedded and in level with the adjoining tiles. PVC tile spacers
to be used. After the tiles have been laid. Surplus cement grout shall be cleaned off. The
joint shall be cleaned off the gray cement grout with a wire brush or towel to a depth of 5mm
and all dust and loose mortar removed. Joints shall then be flush pointed with matching tile
grouts of approved make. The floor/dado shall then be kept wet for 14 days. After curing,
the surface shall be washed with mild hydrochloric acid and clean water. The finished
floor/dado shall not sound hollow when tapped with a wooden mallet.

Tile adhesive of approved make shall be used for dado, wherever mentioned in the schedule
of quantities / specification.

j) GRANOLITHIC FLOORING:

GENERAL:

The flooring shall be of specified thickness and shall consists of 1:2:4 concrete base and of
12mm thick granolithic wearing coat. The granolithic flooring shall be laid in alternate
panels. The size of panels shall be as decided by the Architects/Project Manager.

Preparation of surface of base concrete shall be as in ‘a)’ above.

LAYING OF 1:2:4 CONCRETE BASE:

The 1:2:4 concrete base shall be graded stone aggregate of minimum size 10mm. The
ingredients shall be thoroughly mixed with sufficient water to obtain the required plasticity.

The free water on the surface of the base shall be removed and a coat of cement slurry of the
consistency of thick cream shall be brushed on the surface.

The prepared 1:2:4 concrete shall be laid immediately after mixing on the fresh grouted base.
The concrete shall be spread evenly and leveled carefully. Low places shall be filled, humps
removed and whole surface again leveled.

The layer shall be of thickness as specified and 12mm below the finished level. The layer
shall be compacted by ramming and troweled and allowed to set.

MIXING AND LAYING OF WEARING COAT:

44
One part of cement in dry state shall be mixed with 2 parts by volume of well-graded crushed
granite chips of 6mm maximum size. The ingredients shall be then mixed with sufficient
water as for ordinary concrete.

The wearing coat of 12mm thick shall be laid over 1:2:4 cement base immediately after it has
set compacted and leveled with a steel trowel. Just sufficient trowel ling shall be made to
give a level surface. The surface should not be over trowel led as excessive trowel ling will
bring the cement to the surface, which shall be strictly avoided.

When the initial set take place, further compacting by steel trowel ling shall be done and final
brushing shall be made before the topping becomes too hard.

CURING:
As soon as the surface is hard enough, it shall be covered with sacks or sand and kept
continuously wet for a period of at least one week.

POLISHING:

The surface shall be machine polished to give smooth and even surface with granite chips
exposed .

CENEMT MORTAR FLOORING / SKIRTING AND DADO:

The surface shall be brushed with wire brush and all dust removed. Flooring / skirting /dado
shall be done in cement mortar as specified. Finished smooth and cured for at least two
weeks. The projection of skirting/dado from the wall face shall be as directed by the
Architects/project manager . Hacking or roughening of wall shall be done if required without
extra cost.

45
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR STEEL FABRICATION WORKS:
All metal works shall be free from defect impairing strength, durability and appearance and
shall be of the best quality for purposes specified made with structural properties to
withstand safety strains , stresses to which they shall normally be subjected . All the corners
to be cut , and electrically flash butt-welded as per ISI standards.

SHOP DRAWINGS:

Prepare shop drawings and / or samples of each type of door, windows , railing and other
items of metal work called for and get approved from Architects, at least 90 days ahead of
their use at site and to conform to the CPM chart, details of constructions, hardware as well
as connection of door, windows and other metal work to adjacent work/supports. Samples of
all joints and methods of fastenings and joining shall be submitted to the Architects / Project
Manger of approval well in advance at least 90 days of commencing the work.

SAMPLES:

Samples to all typical metal work, such as door, windows, railing and other metal
components as called for shall be fabricated, assembled and erected or submitted to the
Architects / Project Manager as directed by them for their approval at least 60 days in
advance for their use at site.

APPROVED MANUFACTURER:

All doors, windows, railings and other metal work as called for shall be manufactured by a
manufacturer / fabricator approved by the architects / Project manager. The entire work shall
be carried out by work men skilled in the kind of work as called for in a shop fully equipped
to carry out all kinds / phases of fabrication in accordance with the best accepted practices
and as approved by the Architects / Project manager.

INTERNAL DOORS:

Internal door frame where called for, shall be of pressed mild steel sections of the size and
details as shown on the drawings or other documents. The section shall be pressed from 18
gauge mild steel sheets unless otherwise specified to the profile shown, by means of
mechanical press of adequate capacity. The pressed section shall be true to profile and also
true to dimension called for.

The frame members shall be of one piece and the corner of the frames shall be electrically
welded and ground smooth. Mechanical jointing of members may be accepted subject to
approval of the jointing arrangements by the Architects / Project manager.

Necessary provisions shall be made in the frames for fixing tower bolts. Doors closures and
other hardware. Slots for receiving lock and latch shall be shop punched and not made at
site. The size and the location of the slots shall match the make of lock specified and at the
height shown on the drawing / document, hinges shall be of specification, type, make and
size, and shall be fixed to the frames in the fabrication shop. The hinge shall be so fixed that
the hinge flap is flush with the face of the frames. A reinforcing metal plate of 16mm
thickness with holes drilled and threaded to receive machine screws from the hinge shall be

46
welded to the frames at hinge locations as shown on the drawing/ documents and shall be
welded to frames.

The frames shall be phosphate d and then given a coat of red oxide primer. The surface shall
be as specified under “painting” and as approved by the architects /project manager.

Base tiles of mild steel angle shall be provided for all door frames , to retain the size and
shape of the frames during transportation , handling , storage at site and erection.

STEEL WINDOWS AND GLAZING:

Steel windows, glazing and other similar items where called for shall be fabricated `from
rolled mild steel sections manufactured by reputed company as directed by the Architects /
Project manager .the section shall be of the size and thickness shown on the detailed
drawings. The frame members shall be of one piece and ground smooth. All comers shall be
true right angles, and completed frames shall be square and flat, and to be approved by the
Architects / Project manager. Windows, glazing etc., shall be provided with teakwood /
Aluminum beading of size and shape as shown or called for. Other fittings and accessories as
called for on the drawings shall be provided as approved by the Architects / Project manager.

All the steel surfaces, including those coming in contact with walls, columns, etc., shall be
given a coat of zinc chromate primer after preparation of surface and phosphating as
specified under ‘painting ‘ before the assembly of the different components.

FITTINGS:

Hinges, locks, tower bolts, rubber buffers, door closures and other fittings shall be provided
as called for in the schedule of hard ware.

UNLOADING AND STACKING:

The fabricated frames shall be transported, bundled, unloaded and stacked in a careful
manner. They shall be stacked on edge on level bearers and supported evenly. All
precautions shall be taken to ensure that the frames are not damaged or distorted in any
manner.

47
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR FIXING JOINERY:

The door frames shall be fixed at the top and bottom through MS cleats as shown on the
drawings. M.S. cleats of size and detail as shown or called for shall be anchored to the
floors and roof slabs concrete at the time of casting the concrete. The frame shall be securely
fixed to the cleats after erecting in true and correct position.

When the frames are to be fixed to column/wall faces, they shall be fixed with rawl bolts /
expansion bolts of approved make, the frames shall be fixed into position true to line and
level using adequate number or expansion machine bolts (raw bolts) of approved size and
brand. The holes in concrete/masonry members for housing anchor bolts shall be drilled with
an electric drill.

The door / window assembled as shown on drawing / documents shall be placed in correct
final position in the openings and heads against holes provided in the frame of anchoring.
The frames shall then be removed from the opening and laid aside. Neat holes of appropriate
size shall then be drilled in the concrete members with an electric drill at the markings, to
house the expansion bolts.

The expansion bolts shall then be inserted in the hole, struck with a light hammer till the nut
is forced into anchor shell. The frames openings are anchored to the supports through
cadmium plated machine screws of required size threaded to expansion bolts. The entire
operation shall be subject to the approval of the Architect / Project Manager.

The frames shall be set in the opening by using wooden wedges at supports and be plumbed
in position. The wedges shall invariably be placed at the meeting points of glazing bars and
frames. In the case of composite windows and doors, the different units are to be assembled
first. The assembled composite units should be checked for line, level, and plumb before
final fixing is done.

The contractor shall be responsible for the doors and windows being set straight to plumb,
level and for their satisfactory operations after fixing is complete.

In case of brick wall, pre cast cement concrete (1:2:4) mix blocks, shall be provided at
locations where the frame are to be anchored, at the time of building the wall. The
Rawl bolts shall then be anchored to these blocks.

Hollow frames, abutting concrete / masonry shall be filled with cement grout (1 cement: 3
coarse sand) densely packed and finished neat.

All steel frames and other steel members shall be enamel painted as provided under
‘Painting’ after the installation of the shutters, glazing etc…,

IRON GRILLS:

Grills shall be manufactured as per detailed drawings and welded joints shall be neat and
smooth. There shall not be any gap between the grill frame and the window frame, grills that
do not fit accurately shall be rejected. The fixing of grills to the frames shall be with counter

48
sunk bolts and screws as directed. The Grills shall receive a coat of red oxide primer before
dispatched from workshop.

ROLLING SHUTTERS:

These shall be constructed with curved slates from steel metal 18 SWG with dimensions of
62mm between centers and interlock and bridge depth of 100mm. These curved slates shall
slide into one another forming a continuous hinge throughout their length and shall be fitted
with alternating end lock. They shall coil at the head of the opening, and balanced by
springs. Guides shall be 62mm wide. The springs shall be of best quality tempered steel.
The shutter when coiled up shall be housed in a box and locking arrangement shall be
provided at the bottom of the shutter on both ends. It shall be sand papered and painted with
one coat of red oxide primer of approved quality.

49
WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PREPARATION AND INSTALLATION OF
WOOD WORKS:

WOOD FRAME DOORS:

Wood frame for doors where called for shall be of first class selected quality Teak wood, Sal
wood, Honne wood, Mathi wood, Nadir wood, or Deodar wood, as specified, properly
seasoned as described for joinery and free from knots, cracks and other defects. It shall have
uniform colour and straight grains.

The frame member shall be of one piece and to the dimensions and profile shown on the
drawings. All rebates, rounding, molding, etc., shall be accurately made as per details. The
frames shall be planed smooth to the correct dimensions called for.

All joint shall be simple, neat and strong, all mortise and tenon joints shall fit in fully and
accurately without wedging or filling and shall be neatly done.

Unless mentioned the frame work shall be fixed to the walls using MS hold fasts of sizes
mentioned in the bill of quantities / schedule for finish, and as directed by the
Architects/Project manager, and following are observed strictly.

i) Provide timber doors and other joinery all as per the details shown in the drawings.

ii) All door shutters shall be fixed such that there is a clearance of 3mm between the
finished floor level and the bottom edge of the shutter.

iii) Nails and spikes shall not be used in the joinery works. Bamboo/wood screws of proper
sizes shall be used.

iv) Plaster grooves shall not be provided in joinery works unless specified. All joiner’s
work(chowckat) shall be cut and framed together but not be wedged up until required and
passed. Any portion that may warp and develop shakes or other defects shall be replaced with
new ones before being placed in position.

v) Glazing to door (teak wood anodized aluminum) wherever specified shall be of selected
quality plain sheet glass or other equivalent and approved make.

vi) Certificate for seasoning of wood to be provided along with sample for approval.

PANELLED DOOR SHUTTERS:

a) Door shutters with panels shall be of teak wood, planks, or Nandi, Honne wood or as
specified with wood frames work around as shown in the drawings or door with paneled
shutters, single leaf. The panels shall be plywood Grade I conforming to IS: 1328 teak face
both sides / teak face one side / commercial plywood on both sides shall be provided as
specified and shown in the drawings.

b) In respect of paneled door shutters for doors, having two leaves the meeting styles shall
be played /rebated as per the drawing.

50
FLUSH DOOR SHUTTERS:

Interior wood doors shutters, unless otherwise noted or specified shall be 30mm thick solid
core phenol formaldehyde resin bonded, flush shutters with teak face both sides / teak face
one side / commercial ply faced on both sides, as specified. The shutters shall conform to
Indian standard specifications IS: 2202 (part-1) 1966 shutters shall of make, manufactured by
M/s. Kutty flush doors and furniture co. private Ltd or equivalent, approved by the Architects
/ Project Manager.

Shutters shall be ordered on the manufacturer to sizes as called for and shall be provided with
first class teak wood edging, glued and nailed on all the edges of the shutter, as shown on the
drawings.

BLOCK BOARDS AND PLY:

Make of block boards and ply for various items of work called for shall be as approved by
Architects / Project Manager. Unless otherwise shown all block boards and ply shall be
commercial ply veneered on both faces.

Samples of flush doors, block boards, etc., shall be submitted to the Architects/Project
Manager for their approval and all shutters, boards, etc., to be used in the work shall conform
to the approved samples in all respects.

HARDWARE FITTINGS:

Hinges, handles, knobs, ball catches, stoppers, stays and other hardware fittings for window
frames and doors shall be of the best quality and specified make as approved by the
Architects/Project Manager. The number, size etc., shall be as per the hardware schedule as
shown on the drawings/specifications.

PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT:

All woodwork in contact with masonry shall be painted with approved asphalt or bitumen
paint before placing . Care shall be taken to keep exposed surfaces clear from tar etc.,. Tar
felt shall be used to isolate wood from masonry wherever practicable. All concealed wood
members, in ceiling, partitions, cabinetwork, etc., shall be treated liberally with Sol gum
before placing in position.

51
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR GLASS AND GLAZING:

GENERAL:

All glass shall be of the type, quality and substance specified

MATERIALS:

Glass for all glazing work shall be plain sheet of glass of sizes called for in the drawings and
schedules.

SHEET GLASS:

For doors, windows etc.,(up to 2 Sqm panel size) where called for shall be 4mm special
selected quality glass, of approved make or other equivalent approved by the Architects /
Project Manager. Special glass shall be called for on drawings and schedules.

All glass shall be free from specks, bubbles and other flaws. They shall have square corners
and straight edges.

PREPARATION OF FRAMES AND GLASS:

Before installation the contractor shall ensure that:

a) All glazing rebates are square, to plumb and true in plane, clean, dry and dust free.
b) All frame adjustments are made prior to glazing
c) All glass edges are clean cut to exact sizes, allowing expansion tolerances as
recommended by the glass manufacturer.
d) All shutters shall be glazed in the closed position and shall not be opened until the
compound is set.
e) All materials are used, in strict accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.

COMPLETION:

 At the completion of the work, all glass shall be thoroughly cleaned, paint or other
marks removed.
 Any cracked, scratched, chipped or otherwise defective glass shall be removed and
replaced without cost to employer. Any loose glass shall be set to the satisfaction of
the Architects / Project manager.

52
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PLASTER WORK:

The primary requirement of plasterwork shall be to provide absolutely watertight enclosure,

dense, smooth and hard and devoid of any cracks of the interior and / or exterior. The
contractor shall do all that is necessary to ensure that this objective is achieved. All plastering
shall be finished to true plane, without any imperfections and shall be square with adjoining
work and form proper foundations for finishing materials such as paint etc.,

Masonry and concrete surfaces, which call for application of plaster, shall be clean, free
from efflorescence, damp and sufficiently rough and keyed to ensure proper bond, subject to
the approval of the Architects / Project Manager. Wherever directed by the Architects /
Project Manager, all joints between concrete frames and masonry filling shall be expressed
by a groove cut in the plaster. The said groove shall coincide with the joint beneath as
directed. Where grooves are not called for, the joint between concrete members and masonry
in filling shall be covered by 100mm wide GI plaster mesh, which shall be fixed to the walls
by PVC “Rawl plugs” with the help of drilling machines. At all corners, GI corner beads of
approved make shall be fixed before plastering for all open-end corners of door openings.

CHASING AND BREAKAGES:

All chasing, installation of conduits, Insert boxes, etc., shall be completed before any
plastering or other wall finish is commenced on a surface. No chasing or cutting of plaster or
other finish on a surface shall be permitted. Broken corners shall be cut back not less than
150mm on both sides and patched with “plaster of Paris” as directed. All corners shall be
rounded to a radius of 8mm or as directed by the Architects /Project Manager.

MATERIALS:

Cement : As specified under concrete works.

Water: As specified under concrete works.

Sand for internal plaster – Washed fine Sand.

For all plastering add Recron 3S fibers @ 125 gms per bag of cement, unless specified .

PROPORTIONS:

The materials used for plastering shall be proportioned by volume by means of gauge boxes.

PREPARATION OF SURFACES:

The joints in walls, both existing and freshly built shall be racked to a depth of 15mm,
brushed clean with wire brushes dusted and thoroughly wet before starting plaster work.
Concrete surfaces to receive plaster shall be roughened by hacking over the entire surface so
that the skin of the concrete is completely removed as approved by the Architects / Project
Manager to ensure proper key for the plaster.

53
PLASTER TO WALLS:

Plaster to internal faces of walls shall be 15mm thick composing of one part of cement
and six parts of clean fine sand. The external surfaces of external walls shall have sponge
finished plaster of 20mm thick comprising of one part of cement and six parts of clean fine
sand to form base for vapour barrier finished with sponge. Internal walls shall be finished
with a thin coat of lime rendering.

MORTAR MIXING:

Mortar shall be prepared as specified under ‘Brick work”. It shall be made in small
quantities, as required and applied within 15 minutes of mixing. All mortar shall be mixed
on a mixing platform only and in no case on the ground.

APPLICATIONS:

Plaster application shall be commenced only after the preparatory work is approved by the
Architects / Project Manager. Correct thickness of plaster shall be obtained by laying
plaster screeds (Gauges) at intervals of 1.50 meters as directed.

Mortar shall be firmly applied, well pressed into the joints, rubbed, and finished as approved
by the Architects / Project manager to give a smooth and even surface.

CURING:

Finished plaster shall be kept wet for at least ten days after completion. In hot weather, walls
exposed to such shall be screened with matting kept constantly wet or by any other approved
means.

CEILING PLASTER:

Plaster to ceilings, Soffits or stairs flight slabs and similar locations, where called for shall
be 12mm thick and comprise of one part of cement and four parts of clean fine sand.
Ceilings shall be finished with a thin coat of lime rendering.

PREPARATION OF SURFACE:

The surface to be plastered shall be prepared as called for earlier. The surface shall be
brushed, swept clean and thoroughly wet before plastering.

APPLICATION:

Mortar shall be applied firmly pressed to the surfaces rubbed and finished to a smooth and
even surface subject to the approval of the Architects / Project Manager.

CURING:

Finished plaster shall be kept wet for at least ten days after completion.

54
 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PAINTING:

STORAGE:

Storage of materials to be used on the job shall be only in single place approved by the
Architects / Project Manager. Such storage place shall not be located within any building
included in the contract.

MATERIALS:

Materials used in the work shall be Asian make and other equivalent approved by the
Architects. Paints shall be ready mixed and all paints, varnishes, enamels, lacquers, stains,
paste fillers, distempers and other materials must be delivered to the job site in the original
containers, with the seals unbroken and labels intact. Each container shall give the
manufacturer’s name, type of the paint, colour of paint and instructions for using. Thinning
shall be done only in accordance with directions. Remove rejected materials immediately
from the premises. Silicon paints shall be manufactured by METRO ARK Calcutta.

COLOUR:

All colours in the colour schedule shall be as approved by the Architects / Project Manager.
The Contractor shall use only pre-mixed manufacturer’s colours and shall prepare painted
samples of the colours selected and submit it for the approval of the Architects / Project
Manager. No work is to be proceeded until the Architects / Project Manager has given their
approval, preferably in writing, of the colour samples.

COMMENCEMENT OF WORK:

Painting shall not be started until the surface to be painted is in a condition fit to receive
painting and so certified by the Architects / Project Manager.

Building where painting work is to be commenced shall be thoroughly swept and cleaned up
before commencement of painting.

SCAFFOLDING:

Only double scaffolding having two sets of vertical supports shall be provided for all painting
work. The supports shall be tied together with horizontal pieces over which the scaffolding
planks shall be fixed. All vertical and horizontal members of the scaffolding shall be placed
sufficiently away from the surfaces to be painted to ensure proper and uninterrupted, painting
work.

WORKMANSHIP:

Workmanship shall be of the very best, all material evenly spread and smoothly followed on
without runs or sags, using good quality tools, brushes etc., as required. Only skilled painters

55
shall be employed and properly qualified ‘foreman’ shall be constantly on the job while the
work is proceeding.

All surfaces to be painted shall be cleaned free of all loose dirt and dust before painting is
started. All work where a coat of materials has been applied must be inspected and approved
before application of the succeeding specified cost. Each under coat shall be a distinct shade
of the approved colour. Before painting, hardware, accessories, plates and similar items shall
be removed or ample protection provided to all such items. Upon completion of each space,
above fixtures shall be replaced. Door shutters be removed from frames for painting the
bottom edge.
Use only skilled labour for the removal and replacement of above items.

CONCEALED SURFACES:

All interior and exterior window frames, doors, shelving, cabinetwork shall be thoroughly
cleaned and carefully back painted on all surfaces and edges, which will be concealed when
installed. Such surfaces shall be cleaned, dried, sanded and properly prepared to receive the
paint. Tops, bottoms and edges of doors shall be finished similar to rest of the door.

PROTECT AND CLEAN:

Contractor shall protect not only his own work at all times, but shall also protect adjacent
work and materials by suitable covering during the progress of his work. Upon completion of
his work, he shall remove all paint and varnish spots from floor, glass and other surfaces.
Any defaced surface shall be cleaned and original finish restored. He shall remove from the
premises all rubbish and accumulated materials and shall leave the work in clean, orderly and
acceptable conditions.

PREPARATION OF SURFACE:

WOOD:

Sand paper to achieve smooth even surface and then dust off and wipe clean. Touch up all
knots and pit pockets with shellac on interior wood and without side sealer on exterior work.
After primer coat has been applied, thoroughly fill and nail holes, irregularities and cracks.
Use paste wood filler for strained or natural finish and putty for painting work.

PLASTER WORK:

Fill all holes, cracks, and abrasion with “plaster of Paris” prepared and applied and
smoothened off to match adjoining surfaces. Plaster shall be allowed to dry completely and
approved by the Engineer-in-charge before the applications of paint.

STEEL AND IRON:

All surfaces shall be washed with mineral spirits to remove any dirt or grease before applying
paint. Where rust or scale is present, it shall be wire brushed and cleaned with sand paper. All
cleaned surfaces shall be given one coat of approved phosphate before prime coat in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

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GALVINISED METAL:

Galvanized metal shall be thoroughly cleaned with Naphtha and treated with a solution
consisting of 5 gallons of 36% acetic acid, 1.36 kg of blue Vitriol and 1.36 kgs of powdered
alum dissolved in 225 liters of water prepared in a wooden container and applied with a
brush. Allow drying thoroughly and brushing off before applying paint.

APPLICATION:

The paint shall be continuously stirred in the container so that its consistency is kept uniform
throughout. The painting shall be laid evenly and smoothly by means of crossing and laying
the layer in the direction of the grain of the wood. The crossing and laying will constitute
one coat. Where so stipulated, the painting shall be carried out using spray machines suited
for the nature and location of the work to be carried out. Only skilled and experienced
workman shall be employed for this class of work. Paint used shall be brought to the
requisite consistency by adding a suitable thinner. Spraying shall be carried out only in dry
conditions. No exterior painting shall be done in deep foggy or rainy weather. Each coat shall
be applied in sufficient quantity to obtain complete coverage. First coat shall be well brushed
and evenly worked out over the entire surface and into all corner, angles, and allowed to
thoroughly dry. Second coat shall be of suitable shade to match final colour, and shall be
approved by the Architects / Project Manager. Before final coat is started, allow at least 48
hours drying time between coats for interior and 7 days for exterior work, and if in the
judgments of the Architects / Project Manager more time is required it shall be allowed.

All the interior plastered surfaces shall be washed down with solution consisting of 1.36
kgs of zinc-sulphate per gallon of water.

Finished surfaces shall be protected from dampness, and dust until completely dry. Finished
work shall be uniform of approved colour, smooth and free from runs, sags, defective
brushing and clogging. Make edges of paint adjoining other materials or colours, sharp and
clean, without overlapping.

In order to achieve a superior finished surface putty paste fillers shall be used on, all surfaces
to be painted, to fill pores, dents, etc. The putty paste fillers shall be of approved quality and
manufacture and shall be applied to the surface with a knife or other sharp edged tool after
the primer coat as well as after each under coat. The surface, after filling with putty paste
filler, shall be rubbed down with the fine sand paper and dusted before the application of the
subsequent coat.

Wood filler paste when set is wiped across the grain on the wood and then with the grain to
secure a clean surface. Surface to be stained shall be covered with a uniform coat of stain
coat wiped off if required.

PAINTING:

The various paint finishes shall consists of the operations briefly mentioned below:

LIME WASH AND COLOUR WASH:

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Before application of white wash, distempering, painting etc., the surface shall be prepared to
a clean and fair surface. Lime wash (white wash) or colour wash shall be carried out to
surfaces as indicated in the drawings/schedule of finishes. Lime wash shall be carried out in
three coats and colour wash shall be carried out in two coats over one coat of primer for
colour wash shall be as per the colour scheme indicated in the drawings.

SYNTHETIC ENAMEL PAINT:

a) Synthetic enamel painting to timber surfaces:

Where painting to timber surface with synthetic enamel paint as indicated in drawings /
schedule of finishes, the surface shall be prepared and given a wood primer coat, 2 coats of
putty of approved make, surface is allowed to dry and rubbed with sand paper. Clean the
surface and then apply three coats of synthetic enamel paint be as per colour scheme
indicated in the drawings.

b) Painting to steel surface with synthetic enamel paint:

Where painting to steel surface with synthetic enamel paint is indicated in drawings /
schedule of finishes, the surface shall be prepared cleaned with sandpaper to remove scales
or rust. Apply a coat of zinc chromate primer as approved by the Architect followed by two
coats of synthetic enamel paint of approved make and finish the surface neat Tint/shades
of paint shall be as per the colour scheme indicated in the drawings.

c) Synthetic enamel paint shall comply with IS for under coat and finishing coats and shall be
of approved manufacturer.

d) Paint for priming coat, under coat and finishing coats shall be of the same manufacturer.

e) Primer for all enamel paint works shall be zinc chromate unless specified.

PLASTIC EMULSION PAINT:

Pigmented oil base priming coat followed by two more finishing coats of plastic emulsion
paint. Two coats of full putty of approved make to be applied with one coat of touch up putty
and sanded. The shades, make of plastic emulsion shall be as per the approved drawings, and
or colour scheme.

OIL BOUND DISTEMPER:

Pigmented primer oil base(cement primer) coat followed by two finishing coats of oil bound
distemper. Shades, tints of oil bound distemper shall be as per the colour scheme indicated in
the drawings or colour schemes. Plaster filler to be applied after every coat excepting the
final finishing coat and sanded. Before application of the oil bound distemper, the surface
shall be prepared with filling and one coat of oil based ready mixed primer of approved
quality manufactured from the same firm as that of oil bound distemper.

OILING:

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Three coats of linseed oil (conforming to IS 75-1950) applied with brushes. Each coat to be
applied after the previous coat is thoroughly dried. Surface to be rubbed smooth before
oiling.

CEMENT BASED PAINT:

Two coats of cement-based paint such as ‘Snowcem’ shall be applied on surfaces over a coat
of white cement indicated in the drawings, schedule of finish. Tint / shades of paint shall be
as per the colour scheme indicated in the drawings.

ALUMINIUM PAINT:

Where aluminum painting to steel surfaces is indicated in drawings/schedule of finishes, the

surface shall be prepared as specified here-in before and two coats of aluminum paint of
approved quality shall be applied over a coat of zinc chromate primer as approved by the
Architect / Project manager.

ANTI TERMITE OIL:

a) Anti termite oils shall be ‘Solgum; or other equal and approved preservatives.

b) Applications of anti termite oil:- Surface of timber, which are in contact with and/or
buried in concrete/masonry/plaster and concealed surfaces of timber/plywood shall be treated
with two coats of anti termite oil. Before being built in/ covered up.

SPIRIT POLISHING:

Polishing materials shall be prepared by dissolving pure shellac, varying in shade from pale
orange or lemon yellow, free from dirt and other materials, in mentholated spirit at the rates
of 0.15 kg shellac to one liter of spirit. Suitable pigment to achieve the required shade of
polish shall be added as directed by the Architects / Project Manager.

PREPARATION OF SURFACES:

The surfaces cleaned of all dirt, etc., shall be rubbed down smooth with sand paper and de
-dusted. Knots if visible shall be covered with a preparation of red lead and glue laid on
while hot. Holes and indentations on the surfaces shall be topped with glazer’s putty. The
surfaces shall then be given a coat of wood filler made by mixing whiting(ground chalk) in
mentholated spiriting of the rate of 1.5 kg of whiting to one liter of spiriting. The surface
shall again be rubbed down perfectly smooth with fine sandpaper and wiped clean.

APPLICATION:

Three or more coat’s of polish shall be applied over the above surface, to achieve a finish as
approved by the Architects / Project Manager. The polish shall be applied with a pad of
woolen cloth covered by a fine cloth. The pad moistened with polish shall be rubbed hard on
the wood surface in a series of overlapping movements, applying the materials uniformly
over the entire areas to give an even finish. Subsequent coats shall be applied in a similar
manner after the previous coat is allowed to dry. The finishing shall be done with a fresh
piece of clean fine cloth, damped with mentholated spiriting and applied by light rubbing.

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WAX POLISHING:
Wax polishing shall be done with ready-made wax polish of approved brand and
manufacturer.

PREPARATION OF SURFACES:

The surface to be polished shall have been finished smooth, knots, cracks and holes on the
surface shall be cleaned and filled with wood putty (fine saw dust mixed with bees wax). The
filling then wiped clean. In no case shall sandpapers be rubbed across the grains so that
marks are not seen on surface.

APPLICATION:

The polish shall be applied evenly with a clean soft cotton cloth in such a way that the
surfaces are completely and fully covered. The surfaces are then continuously rubbed for half
an hour. When the surface is quite dry, second and third coat shall be applied in the same
manner and rubbed continuously until the surface is dry. The final coat shall then be applied
and rubbed for two hours or more until the surface has a uniform class and is dry showing no
sign of stickiness.

The finished surface shall have a uniform glossy finish as approved by the Architects /
Project Manager.

SILICON PAINTING:

Wherever specified, external exposed surfaces shall be given two coats of silicon based
colorless water repellent paint. All surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned before application of
Silicon painting.

The Silicon painting shall carry a guarantee for five years. The loss of water repellent
property shall be treated a failure of the treatment.

CLEANING:

All rubbish waste or surplus materials shall be removed from time to time and all wood
work, hardware, floors of other adjacent work shall be cleaned up to the satisfaction of the
Architect / Project manager.

All glass throughout shall have paint or varnish spots and brush marks removed and upon
completion of the painting work shall be washed and polished on both sides. The contractor
at their cost shall replace all glass that got scratched and damaged by the contractor’s work or
while cleaning the paint from the glass.

Hardware and other unpainted surfaces shall be cleaned using lacquer thinner or paint
remover.

The contractor shall apply the final coat of paint to all internal walls and other surfaces just
before the expiry of the defects liability period as directed by the Architects / Project
Manager.

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR ALUMINIUM DOORS, WINDOWS,
GLAZING:

MATERIALS:

a) Aluminum sections and hard ware:

All aluminum members shall be specially extruded aluminum alloy with anodized-mat
finish. The materials shall conform to the IS specifications indicated in IS:1949 and 1948.

The shutters of doors shall have jambs, head members and sill member as per patent section
of standard manufacturer.. The workmanship shall be as per IS:1948 and IS:1949.
All members shall have built-in-groove for taking snap on anodized aluminum beading.

The doors shall have concealed floor springs of double action type. Certain doors are of
single action type hinges as shown on drawings.

The complete units of doors and windows including hardware, locking arrangements etc.,
shall be obtained from approved manufactures. .

b) Top hung Ventilators:

Shall be made of medium range aluminum sections with fly screen and through the
Screen peg stay.

c) Glass panels:

The glass panels of the doors as well as directly connected adjacent units shall be 5.5mm
thick and those of independent fixed glazing shall be 4mm thick.

Glass panels shall conform to IS:761. The different thickness of the glass panels to be used
shall be as shown in the drawings. The modules of rupture of glass shall not be less than
380 kgs / sq cm The contractor shall produce the manufacturers certificate conforming to the
same and if found necessary by the engineer further test shall be carried out. The engineer’s
interpretation of IS: 3548 shall be final and binding in case of any dispute. Glass panels less
than 4mm thick shall not be accepted.

d) Putty:
Putty shall be as specified in IS:420

e) Miscellaneous:
The shutters shall have provision of PVC / Neoprene weather strips. The fixing of the
glass in shutter section by means of snap-on beading shall have provision of neoprene
gasket to ensure there is no direct contact between glass and metal.

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 WORK INSTRUCTION FOR PRE-CONSTRUCTION ANTI TERMITE
TREATMENT:

All the building shall be adequately protected against attack of subterranean termites by
suitable chemical treatment measures. The work shall be carried out by a specialist pest
control agency as approved.

The work to be carried out by the specialist firm shall carry a guarantee for the satisfactory
performance of the treatment for a minimum period of 10 years.

CHEMICALS:

The chemicals used for the soil treatment shall be chlorophyrifos 20EC and the treatment
procedure shall be in three stages of 1) after excavation for Footings, but before PCC. 2)
After back filling and consolidation but before PCC for flooring, and 3) before laying
periphery flagging concrete.

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WORK INSTRUCTION FOR MISCELLANEOUS WORKS:

HARDWARE FITTINGS:

All hardware fittings shall be as per the hardware schedule.

RAINWATER PIPES:

a) Supply and fix rain water down pipes and accessories as and there shown in the
drawings. PVC and SWR pipe and fittings of 4kgs/sq.cms strength shall be used for rain
water down take.

b) In certain locations where shown in the drawings, the pipes shall be fixed on the surface
of walls as shown in the drawings.

c) Rain water pipes running on walls(excluding the pipes which are embedded) shall be
firmly fixed to the walls at all joints with pipe clips or holders bat / clamps and solidly built
into the walls in cement and sand mortar 1:3. The pipes shall be fixed one inch clear of
finished plaster face of the walls using necessary wooden distance pieces.

d) Rain water pipes and accessories shall be 100mm(4”) bore, PVC/ SWR as per approved
manufacturer’s specification unless specified.

e) The pipes shall be true concentric, smooth with their inner and outer surfaces as nearly
as practicable.

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