Ka-Trabaho, Ka-Opisina,

Pangkabuhayan: Pinoy
Work Life
CHAN, CO, GRAY, LIMOS, PATAROQUE,
TAN
 GAME?
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 Filipino Work Motivation:
01 What makes Filipino workers
do their best?

02 Filipino Leadership

03 Making Decisions with our Groups

04 Philippines
Nature of Labor Relations in the

TABLE OF
05 Filipino Family Business
CONTENTS
06 Businesses
Examples of Family-Owned
 01
Filipino Work Motivation:
What makes Filipino workers do
their best?
 Filipino Work Motivation:
What makes Filipino workers do their best?
GUESS THE HOMIES
 Filipino Work Motivation:
What makes Filipino workers do their best?
GUESS THE HOMIES
What makes Filipino workers do their best?
Two types of motivation (Brehm & Kassin, 1996)
Filipino Work Motivation:

● Intrinsic Motivation
○ Forces that originate within the worker
○ Ex: for the heck of it, sheer enjoyment
● Extrinsic Motivation
○ Forces outside the worker
○ Ex: means to an end, to fulfill obligations
 Filipino Work Motivation:
What makes Filipino workers do their best?CREATE THEIR FORTUNES?
WHAT KIND OF MOTIVATION PUSHED THEM TO
 Work Classifications for the Common Filipino
What makes Filipino workers do their best?

Calling
Filipino Work Motivation:

Coast

Cause
C Career

Chore
 Work Classifications for the Common Filipino
What makes Filipino workers do their best?
● Notable finding! Even when certain paths cause
Filipino Work Motivation:

negative emotions (i.e. chore path, cause path),

Filipino workers still find a lot of fulfillment in their
work lives because of:
○ Friendships made along the way
○ Monetary benefits

This is cool and all, but is it really representative of the

Filipino reality? Toinks.
What makes Filipino workers do their best?
● A study on Filipino corporate workers found that
Filipino Work Motivation:

work motivation is a mix of both intrinsic and

extrinsic motivations, with the former rated higher
(Yao, Franco, & Hechanova, 2005).
○ Ex: personal satisfaction, self-fulfillment,
autonomy in their jobs
● ^Several local studies seem to mirror these results.
 02
Filipino Leadership
 How would you define a leader?
- Require social influence
- Influence their group to attain specific goals
Filipino Leadership
 Group Concerns Role of the Leader
Filipino Leadership

Task Leadership
- Accomplishing the goals of the
Successfully achieve the goal it was
group
meant for
- Ex. Giving suggestions, offering
opinions, planning

Social Leadership
- Focusing on the emotional and
Maintain the team spirit among its interpersonal aspects
member - Ex. being concerned about people’s
feelings, relieving tension,
encouraging group cohesiveness
 What makes a good or effective leader?
● Task vs. Social Aspects
Filipino Leadership

● Depends on the demands of the job on hand and

external environment
● Studies from Western cultures (Individualists) and
Eastern cultures (Collectivists)
● High in both aspects
● Happier work environment
● High rate of efficiency
 What traits do Filipino workers like in their leaders?
● Have good people skills
Ideal Filipino Leader

○ Kind (Mabait)
○ Approachable (Madaling lapitan)
○ Helpful (Matulungin)
○ Understanding (Maunawain)
● Establish a personal relationship between the employee
and boss
● Expected to take on a parental role
○ Kuya, tatang, lolo
● Type of Leadership: Gabay
 ● Behave like guides and elders of the family
Leaders as Gabay (Guide)

○ Concern (Malasakit)
○ Sympathy (Pakikiramay)
○ Paternalism (Maka-magulang na pagpapansin)
■ Prioritized the group/ team
○ Familism (Magkamag-anak na pananaw)
■ Spirit of collective concern
○ Personalized Care (Makapansariling pagmamasid)
■ No distinction between work and family life
Leaders as Gabay (Guide)

● Spending time together even beyond work hours

○ Eating, playing sports, watching movies
○ Appointing bosses as ninongs/ ninangs
 GAME?

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 03
Making Decisions with our Groups
Making Decisions with our Work Groups
● Group polarization - tendency of 2 processes that
a group to make decisions that influence work
are more extreme than the initial group decisions
decision of its individual members.

● Groupthink - phenomenon that

occurs when the group’s desire
to become one mind often leads
to poor group decision-making.
Making Decisions with our Work Groups Group polarization
● Group choices may involve greater or lesser risk
compared to the choices of its individual members

● Group decisions differ from the decision of individuals

● Majority position holds more weight than minority

position, groups tend to shift toward the majority

● Group decision is more extreme

than those initially held by
its members
Making Decisions with our Work Groups Groupthink
● Groups make decisions that individual members
know are poor ones

● Likely to occur in cohesive groups with strong leaders

● Social pressures take precedence over sound

decision-making

● Consistent with our collectivist orientation,

we conform with the group consensus
Making Decisions with our Work Groups Symptoms of Groupthink

● Groups members overestimating their

groups’ might and right

● Group members become close-minded

● Group feels pressured to conform

Making Decisions with our Work Groups Suggestions for avoiding groupthink

● Groups leaders as objective moderators in meetings

● Group members to critically evaluate decision alternatives

● Break into smaller subgroups to discuss critical issues

● Decision-making groups to discuss issues

with subordinates
 04
Nature of Labor Relations in the
Philippines
Nature of Labor Relations in the Philippines
1. Employer & 2. Workers and
employer’s their unions/ labor
organization organisations

3 Main Factors in
3. Government
in its role as a Philippine
regulator or Industrial Relations
arbiter System
Nature of Labor Relations in the Philippines
Social Environment that Influences Philippine Labor
Relations
● Pakikisama (personalism)
● Utang na Loob
● High Regard for Authority
● Religiosity
○ May lead to: fatalism
 GAME?

RAISE YOUR HAND!

 05
Filipino Family Business
 ● 85% of corporations in the Philippines are
family-owned
Filipino Family Business

● Philippines ranks 11th globally in terms of the

number of family-run firms.

● In the Asia Pacific, the average growth of a

family business is 3.1% faster than non family
owned firms

● A lot of homegrown family-owned

businesses have become integral in the lives
of many Filipino families
Examples of Family-Owned Businesses

SM SUPERMALL JOLLIBEE AYALA MALLS

NATIONAL BOOKSTORE ROBINSONS MALLS

Professionals in Family-Owned Businesses
● Leadership is limited to family members

● Lacks formal and written policies within the company

○ Promotional opportunities are often based on the
professional’s relationship with the owner or founder of the
business

● Presence of a paternalistic culture

Professionals in Family-Owned Businesses
● Professionals are more satisfied with their
● Professionals feel more satisfied, committed and
empowered
○ Perceive themselves to have done more impact in the
company
○ Progressive towards their goal
○ They show more willingness to put in effort to do
tasks
○ Recognizing opportunities to shine in the company
relationships with co-workers
Professionals in Family-Owned Businesses ● Filipino culture and values play a role in the
satisfaction of Filipino professionals in family-owned
businesses

● The value of hospitality in the workplace

● A sense of family is always present in the company

○ Care for the employees
○ Continuous efforts to develop effective relationships
within the company
 GAME?

RAISE YOUR HAND!

 06
Overseas Filipino Workers: Mga
Bagong Bayani
Overseas Filipino Workers: Mga Bagong
NEARLY 20 PERCENT OF THE PH POPULATION IS WORKING ABROAD
● 8 million Filipinos

MOST OFWs ARE FROM NCR OR CALABARZON

Bayani

● Caraga reported the smallest share of OFWs

MORE THAN HALF (55.2%) OFWs ARE BELOW 35 YRS OLD

● Primarly from the age group

25-29 years old
● Females are generally younger
than males
Overseas Filipino Workers: Mga Bagong
SAUDI ARABIA IS THE TOP DESTINATION FOR OFWs.
Europe, North and South America, HK, Singapore, Japan, and Taiwan
are popular destinations
Bayani
35% of our OFWs are
laborers and unskilled
workers (domestic helpers,
caregivers, cleaners, and
manufacturing laborers.) THE PH IS ONE OF
13% of our GDP is THE BIGGEST
from the channeled
remittances of our
SOURCES OF
OFWs ($11.44 billion FOREIGN
per year)
WORKERS
 MOTIVATIONS FOR WORKING ABROAD
Quest for higher income+
better future pushes them
to tolerate the negative
factors that come with
● Enhance one’s being an OFW
economic status
● Provide for their family
● Finance the education
of their kids

WORKING ABROAD= GETTING AHEAD IN LIFE

 COPING WITH LIFE
OVERSEAS
● Proximity + Prolonged encounters foster
strong bonds among people,
● Bonds with their fellow OFWs provide them
with psychological support
● Damayan (Solidarity)
● Bayanihan (Cooperative) Spirit
Overseas Filipino Workers: Mga

COPING WITH LIFE

OVERSEAS
● Another source of strength: religion
● Praying, rosary, novena, and devotion
Bagong Bayani

● Using religion as a way to seek spiritual and

psychological help from the Lord
● Assert their identity & redeem their self
esteem despite their burdens.
 GAME?

RAISE YOUR HAND!

THANK YOU!
SALAMAT!
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 WHAT IS THIS
TOPIC ABOUT?
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Roman messenger god, Mercury
 Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place, not
hot. It’s full of iron oxide
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 SOLUTION
Despite being red, Mars is
actually a cold place, not
hot. It’s full of iron oxide
dust, which gives the
planet its reddish cast

Venus has a beautiful name

and is the second planet
from the Sun. It’s terribly
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PROBLEM
 MARS
THIS IS A GRAPH

Despite being red,

Mars is a cold place,
not hot

SATURN
Saturn is the ringed
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VENUS
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
 SATURN
01 Saturn is the ringed one. It’s a
gas giant, composed mostly
of hydrogen and helium
OVERVIEW DIAGRAM

Mercury is the closest planet

MERCURY to the Sun and the smallest JUPITER
one in our Solar System 02 Jupiter is a gas giant and the
biggest planet in our Solar
System

VENUS
03 Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet from
the Sun
 Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, but does its
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EXERCISE

Mars

Venus

Saturn
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