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CHEM 1062 Experimental Observation Report Sheet

Date:__________________________________________

Name:________________________________________

Tutorial Session:________________________________

Instructions to students: Several chemical demonstrations will be carried out at various times during the lecture. Listen
closely and observe carefully to what happens during the chemical demonstrations and fill in the blanks below. The report
sheet will be collected at the end of class and will be returned to you in the tutorial session of that week. (This form also
serves as a tool to determine your weekly class attendance. Attendance of less than 75% could result in your being
blocked from writing the final examination).

 Information you need to make sense of the demonstration will be displayed on the slide or provided in an
additional handout.
 Make sure that you have an unimpeded view of the demonstration.
 Ask questions to ensure you have the correct understanding of what you are to look for and what you are to
indicate on your report sheet.
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Part A – Identification of Cations – Solutions of various ionic compounds have been made. It is your task to identify the
cations present in each substance by observing what happens when (a) sodium hydroxide solution is added and (b)
aqueous ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) is added. Using the information displayed on the slide and your observations,
deduce the possible cations present in each tube. Fill in the table below with your observations and deductions.

Table 1 – Observations and Identifications of Cations in Solution.

Observation with a Observation with Observation with a Observation with Possible

Test Tube Number
little NaOH (aq) excess NaOH (aq) little NH3 (aq) excess NH3 (aq) CATION(S)

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Part B – Determining the approximate pH of some household substances using an acid-base indicator. – On the slide
displayed, you will see the colours of indicators in solutions of various pH. Using that information, determine the
approximate pH of the following solutions of some household products and suggest the identity of unknown substance A
and B. Fill in the table below with your observations and deductions.

Household Substance Name of Indicator Used Color Observed Approximate pH

White vinegar

Solution of Breeze and water

Fabulso cleaning agent

Cream Soda

Baking Soda

Unknown Solution A

Unknown substance B
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Part C – Determination of the concentration (molarity and mass/volume percent) of acetic acid in vinegar through
titration with a NaOH solution of known concentration. (You will receive a separate sheet with more information on this
experiment. Supporting information will also be displayed on the slide).

Report Sheet for Assay of Acetic Acid Content of Vinegar

Data

Concentration of sodium hydroxide _________________M

Brand of Vinegar __________________ Declared acidity _____________

Volume of vinegar sample ______________ml

Mass of vinegar sample and beaker ____________g

Mass of beaker _______________g

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Mass of vinegar sample _________________g

Run 1 Run2 Run 3

Final buret reading

Initial buret reading

Volume of sodium
hydroxide needed to
reach end point

Data Processing

1) Calculate average volume of sodium hydroxide needed to reach the end point.
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2) Convert average volume from step 1 from ml to liters.

3) Using the definition of Molarity (equation 3), calculate moles of NaOH at end point using answer to step 2 and
concentration of NaOH solution.

4) Using the chemical equation relating moles of acetic acid and moles of sodium hydroxide, calculate moles of acetic acid
at end point. The answer to this step is the number of moles of acetic acid in the vinegar sample.

5) Using the chemical formula of acetic acid, calculate the molar mass (sum of atomic masses for all atoms composing one
acetic acid molecule.)
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6) Avogodro's law states that one mole of compound equals the molar mass of compound in grams. Using Avogrodro's
law and the molar mass of acetic, calculate the mass of acetic acid in the vinegar sample.

7) Using the answer to step 6 and the volume of the vinegar sample, calculate the mass of acetic acid per ml of vinegar.

8) Using the answer to step 6, the definition of percent mass, and the mass of the vinegar sample, calculate the percent
mass of acetic acid in the vinegar.
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Conclusions

Does the vinegar studied meet the commercial law specification of a minimum of 4 g of acetic acid/100 ml of vinegar?
Support your answer with data.

Has the vinegar supplier truthfully reported the percent acidity? Support your answer with data.