LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF LAW
(CAVITE CAMPUS)

ADMINISTRATIVE AND ELECTION LAW

1st Semester SY 2019-2020

Atty. Ethel R. Andico-Malabanan

Professor of Law

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The course will first cover development and application of principles
and doctrine governing administrative agencies with rule making and adjudicative functions;
then it will consider the laws and principles applicable to public officers; and finally, it will
examine the law regulating the conduct of elections and the law on pre-proclamation
contests and election protests.

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:

a. Students must come to class prepared to recite the assignments for the day.
Soft copies of the Supreme Court decisions may be downloaded from
http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph and www.lawphil.net.
b. The use of cellular phones is strictly prohibited during class. Cellular phones must
be turned off or placed in silent mode during class. If a student needs to attend
to an emergency call, he/she may do so outside the classroom.
c. Inquiries may be sent via email at attyeram@gmail.com

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. “Philippine Administrative Law” by Carlo L. Cruz 2016 edition

2. “The Law of Public Officers” by Carlo L. Cruz 2018 edition
3. “The Law on Public Officers and Election Law” by De Leon & De Leon, Jr. 2014 edition
4. “Frequently Asked Questions in Election Law” by Ferdinand G.S. Gujilde 2018 edition

GRADING SYSTEM:

The final grade will be determined as follows:

Quizzes 10 %
Recitation 20 %
Midterm Exams 30 %
Final Exams 40 %
100 %

REQUIREMENTS:

1. Recitation – Every meeting or class day, students will be called randomly to recite on
the provisions or cases assigned for the day. In case the student is called, but he is
absent then he will be given a grade of “5” for that day. (Note: Reporting on a specific
topic will be conducted. The student’s grade in this activity would be included in this
portion).

2. Quizzes – Quizzes may be given on topics or cases assigned for the day or for topics
discussed in previous sessions. Generally, quizzes, surprise or otherwise, will be given at
the start of the class.

3. Mid-term exam – The Mid-term exam is a two (2) hour exam to be given on the date
assigned by the College for the class exam. It is a comprehensive exam testing the
 ability of the student to apply the knowledge of the law in practical situations. It will also
include objective type of questions.

4. Final Exam – The final exam is a two (2) hour exam to be given on the date assigned by
the College for the class exam.

OUTLINE OF TOPICS AND CASES IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW,

PUBLIC OFFICERS & ELECTION LAW

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

a. Nature, Origin and Development of Administrative Law

b. Sources
c. Distinguish from Law

II. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

a. Definition
b. Nature
c. Creation and Abolition
i. De la Llana v. Alba 112 SCRA 294
ii. Bagaoisan v. National Tobacco Administration 408 SCRA 337
iii. Banda v. Ermita G.R. No. 166620 April 20, 2010
iv. Pichay v. Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs
Investigative and Adjudication Division G.R. No. 196425 July 24, 2012
d. Advantages
e. Relation to Regular Departments
i. Araneta v. Gatmaitan 101 Phil. 328
ii. Lacson-Magallanes Co., Inc. v. Pano 21 SCRA 895
iii. Medalla v. Sayo 103 SCRA 587

III. POWERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

SMART Communications, Inc. v. National Telecommunications Communications

Commission 408 SCRA 678
Sta. Rosa Realty Development Corporation v. Amante 452 SCRA 432

A. The Quasi-Legislative Power

1. Definition

PNOC v. CA 457 SCRA 32

CIR v. Solidbank Corp. 416 SCRA 436
Philippine Health Insurance Corp. v. Chinese General Hospital and Medical
Center 456 SCRA 459
SEC v. Interport Resources Corp. G.R. No 135808 October 6, 2008

2. Source

3. Test of Delegation
US v. Ang Tang Ho 43 Phil. 1

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4. Administrative Regulations

a. Kinds
i. Interpretative
ii. legislative

Peralta v. CSC 211 SCRA 425

La Bugal’-BLaan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos 421 SCRA 148
Sierra Madre Trust v. Secretary of Agricultural and Natural Resources
121 SCRA 384

b. Requisites for validity

Tayug Rural Bank v. Central Bank 146 SCRA 120
Victorias Milling Co., Inc. v. Social Security Commission 4 SCRA 627
DOH v. Philip Morris Philippine Manufacturing, Inc. G.R. No. 202943
March 25, 2015
Boie-Takeda Chemicals Inc. v. De la Serna 228 SCRA 329
Review Center Association of the Philippines v. Executive Secretary
GR No. 180046 April 2, 2009Pilipinas Kao, Inc. v. CA 372 SCRA 548
Abella, Jr. v. CSC 442 SCRA 507
Maceda v. ERB 192 SCRA 363
Freedom from Debt Coalition v. ERC 432 SCRA 157
CIR v. CA 261 SCRA 236
Honasan II v. Panel of Investigating Prosecutors of the Department of
Justice 427 SCRA 46
Villanueva v. JBC GR No. 211833 April 7, 2015
Taxicab Operators of MM v. Board of Transportation 117 SCRA 597

c. Penal Regulations
Pesigan v. Angeles 129 SCRA 174

d. Construction and Interpretation

e. Enforcement
f. Amendment or Repeal

B. The Quasi-Judicial Power

1. Definition & Jurisdiction

SEC v. Universal Rightfield Property Holding, Inc. GR No. 181381 July 20, 2015
PCGG v. Pena 159 SCRA 556
Landbank v. Natividad 458 SCRA 441
Lopez v. Office of the Ombudsman 364 SCRA 569
United Residents of Dominican Hills v. Commission on the Settlement of Land
Problems 353 SCRA 782
DARAB v. Lubrica 457 SCRA 800
Carino v. Comm. On Human Rights 204 SCRA 483
Magpale v. CSC 251 SCRA 398

2. Rules of Procedure
Angara v. Electoral Commission 63 Phil. 139
Philippine Lawyers Association v. Agrava 105 Phil. 173

3. The Subpoena Power

Carino v. Comm. On Human Rights 204 SCRA 483

4. The Contempt Power

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 Manalo v. Roldan-Confesor 215 SCRA 808
Dumarpa v. Dimaporo 177 SCRA 478
Bedol v. Comelec GR No. 179830 Dec 3, 2009

5. Administrative Due Process

Ang Tibay v. CIR 69 Phil. 635

GSIS v. CA 357 Phil. 511
Bautista v. CA 413 Phil. 159
Anillo v. Commission on the Settlement of Land Problems G.R. No. 157856
Sept 27, 2007
Montemayor v. Bundalian 405 SCRA 264
De La Salle University v. CA GR No. 127980 Dec 19, 2007

a. Administrative Appeals and Review

Reyes v. Zamora 90 SCRA 92
Maxima Realty Mgt and Development Corp. v. Parkway Real Estate
Development Corp. 422 SCRA 572
Amadore v. Romulo 466 SCRA 397

b. Enforcement of Decision
Civil Aeronautics Board v. Philippine Air Lines 63 SCRA 524

c. Res Judicata
San Luis v. CA 174 SCRA 258

6. JUDICIAL REVIEW

a. General Rule
PNOC v. CA 457 SCRA 32
Cagas v. Comelec GR No. 194139 Jan 24, 2012

b. Methods of Review (see Rule 43 of the ROC)

Dabuet v. Roche Pharmaceuticals INC. 149 SCRA 387

c. Primary Jurisdiction or Prior Resort

Machete v. CA 250 SCRA 176
Quiambao v. CA 454 SCRA 17
MERALCO v. Barlis 357 SCRA 832
Sherwill Dev Corp. v. Sitio Sto. Nino Residents Association, Inc. 461 SCRA 517
GMA Network Inc. v. ABS CBN Broadcasting Corp. 470 SCRA 727

7. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Administrative remedies

a. Reasons
Information Technology Foundation v. Comelec 408 SCRA 141
Garcia v. CA 358 SCRA 416
Merida Water District v. Bacarro GR No. 165993 Sept 30, 2008
Gerona v. Datingaling 398 SCRA 148

b. Exceptions
Mun. of La Trinidad v. CFI of Baguio 123 SCRA 81
National Development Co. v. Collector of Customs 63 SCRA 193

8. Appeal to the President

Land Car Inc. v. Bachelor Express Inc. 417 SCRA 307

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 Carpio v. Executive Secretary 206 SCRA 290
Moran v. OP GR No. 192957 Sept 29, 2014

9. Effect of Non-Compliance
NDC v. Hervilla 151 SCRA 520

10. Questions Reviewable

a. Question of Fact
Amigo Manufacturing Inc. v. Cluett Peabody Co., Inc. 354 SCRA 434
Samahan ng mga Manggawa sa Hyatt v. Bacungan GR No. 149050 March
25, 2009

b. Questions of Law
Asturias Sugar Central Inc. v. Comm. Of Customs 29 SCRA 617

PUBLIC OFFICERS

I. Concepts and Principles

A. Public Office and Public Officers

1. Definitions
2. Purpose & Nature

• Public office as a public trust

• Constitution, Art XI
• Public office, not property
• Public office, not a contract
• Security of tenure in public office as property for purposes of due process

National Land Titles & Deeds Registration Administration v. CSC, 221 SCRA 145

3. Elements
4. Creation of Public Office
5. Kinds/Classifications

Maniego v. People, 88 Phil. 494 (1951)

Segovia v. Noel, 47 Phil. 543 (1925)
Dario v. Mison, 176 SCRA 84 (1989)
Mathay v. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 703 (1999)

II. Requirements for Public Office

A. Selection
B. Qualification

III. De Facto Officers

Malaluan v. COMELEC, 254 SCRA 397 (1996)

Torres v. Ribo, 81 Phil. 44 (1948)
Tuanda v. Sandiganbayan, 249 SCRA 342 (1995)

A. Basis/Rationale

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 B. Definition & Requisites
C. Effects

IV. The Civil Service

A. Objectives
B. Scope
C. Eligibility
D. Appointments
E. Personnel Actions
F. Discipline
G. Right to Self-Organization

V. Authority of the Public Officer

VI. Salary
VII. Inhibitions & Disqualifications
VIII. Liabilities

1. In general - R.A. 6713

2. Administrative Liability
3. Civil Liability

Tecson v. Sandiganbayan, 318 SCRA 80 (1999)

Ocampo v. Office of the Ombudsman, 322 SCRA 17 (2000)
Rodrigo v. Sandiganbayan, 303 SCRA 309 (1999)
Lacson v. Executive Secretary, 301 SCRA 298 (1999)

4. Criminal Liability

• Civil Code Arts. 27, 32, 34

• Administrative Code Book I, Secs. 38-39
• RPC, Title VII
• R.A. No. 3019
• R.A. No. 1379

IV. Termination of Official Relations

• R.A. 6713
• R.A. 7160

A. Expiration of Term

Achocoso v. Macaraig, 195 SCRA 235 (1991)

B. Retirement

C. Death or permanent disability

D. Resignation

Ortiz v. COMELEC, 162 SCRA 812 (1988)

Estrada v. Arroyo, 353 SCRA 452 (2001)

E. Acceptance of incompatible office

F. Abandonment of Office

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 Canonizado v. Aguirre, 351 SCRA 359 (2001)

G. Prescription of right to office

H. Removal
Sangguniang Barangay of Barangay Don Mariano Marcos v. Martinez,
G.R. 170626, March 3, 2008

I. Impeachment

J. Abolition of Office

• Absent on Reorganization of Government

Canonizado v. COA, 226 SCRA 356 (1993)

K. Conviction of crime
Garcia v. COA, 226 SCRA 356 (1993)

L. Recall

ELECTION LAW

I. SUFFRAGE

A. Basis
B. Qualification
C. Scope

(1) Election
a. Regular election
b. Special election
(2) Plebiscite
(3) Referendum
(4) Initiative
(5) Recall

D. Overseas & Local absentee voting

E. Voter’s Registration
F. Illiterates & PWD
G. Election Registration Board
H. Inclusion/exclusion proceedings
I. Deactivation of registration
J. Cancellation of registration
K. Double or multiple registration
L. Book of voters

II. SOURCES of Philippine election laws

 1987 Constitution
 BP 881 (Omnibus Election Code)
 RA 6646 (Electoral Reforms Law of 1987)
 RA 6679 (Barangay Elections)
 RA 6735 (Law Providing for Initiative and Referendum)
 RA 7166 (1991 Synchronized Elections Law)
 RA 7941 (Election of Party-List Representatives)

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  RA 8189 (Continuing Registration)
 RA 8436 (Automated Election System)
 RA 8524
 RA 9006 (Fair Election Act of 2001)

III. The COMELEC

a. Purpose
b. Composition
c. Powers and functions
d. Quasi-legislative powers
e. Quasi-judicial powers

Matsura v. COMELEC 285 SCRA 443

Banaga v. COMELEC 336 SCRA 701
Aggabao v. COMELEC 449 SCRA 400
Legarda v. de Castro 454 SCRA 242
Alvarez v. COMELEC 353 SCRA 434

IV. ELECTIONS
a. Kinds of elections
b. Date of elections
c. Time and place for holding elections
d. Manner of holding elections
e. Pre-Election requirements

i. Precincts
ii. Polling places
iii. Official ballots, election returns & ballot boxes
iv. Registration of voters
v. Election Registration Board
vi. Re-registration & system of continuing registration
1. List of voters
2. Illiterate & disabled voters
3. Inclusion-exclusion cases
4. Deactivation & reactivation of registration

AKBAYAN-YOUTH v. COMELEC, 335 SCRA 318

Siawan v. Inopiquez, 358 SCRA 10
Mercado v. Dysangco, 358 SCRA 329

vii. Registration of Political Parties

1. Purpose
2. Rights & privileges
3. Procedure
4. Who may not be registered
5. Forfeiture of status & cancellation of registration
6. Nomination & selection of official candidates

Constitution, section 2 (5) Art. 14-C 1987 Constitution

Sec. 60 Omnibus Election Code

viii. Registration of Party-list

1. Who may be registered
2. Procedure
3. Grounds for refusal and/or cancellation of registration
4. Nomination of party-list representatives
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 RA No. 7941 (Party List System)
Banat v. COMELEC April 29, 2009
Abayon v. HRET G.R. Nos. 222236 & 223032 May 3, 2016
Lico v. COMELEC G.R. No. 205505 September 29, 2015

ix. Accreditation of a Citizens’ Arm

x. Certificate of Candidacy
1. Definition
2. Qualifications
3. Filing of certificate of candidacy
4. Effects of filing
5. Withdrawal of certificate
6. Disqualifications
7. Nuisance candidate
8. Effect of death, disqualification or withdrawal
9. Petition to deny due course or to cancel certificate
10. Prohibition against multiple candidacies

Jalosjos, Jr. v. COMELEC 683 SCRA 1

Fermin v. COMELEC 595 SCRA 449
Risos-Vidal v. COMELEC GR No. 206666 January 21, 2015
Coquilla V. COMELEC 332 SCRA 861
Quinto v. Comelec G.R. No. 18969 Dec 1, 2009 & Feb 22, 2010
Villarosa v. COMELEC 340 SCRA 396
Go. V. COMELEC 357 SCRA 739
Diangka v. COMELEC 323 SCRA 887

xi. Election Campaign & Expenditures

1. Election Campaign or partisan activity
2. Campaign period
3. Lawful election propaganda
4. Prohibited acts
5. Mass media (Freedom of the press and expression) & Right to Reply
6. Rallies, meetings and other political activity
7. Comelec space, poster area, time and information bulletin
8. Public forum
9. Election surveys
SWS v. COMELEC G.R. 208062 April 7, 2015
10. Exit polls
11. Election contributions & expenditures
a. Prohibited contributions
b. Prohibited raising of funds
c. Limitations on expenditures
d. Lawful expenditures
e. Persons authorized to incur expenditures
f. Prohibited donations
g. Duties of candidates & political parties
h. Accounting of contributions & expenditures
i. Keeping of detailed records of contributions & expenditures
j. Filing of statement of contributions and expenditures
k. Duties of contractors, suppliers and business firms

Penera v. COMELEC GR No. 181613 Sept 11, 2009 & Nov. 25, 2009
Chavez v. COMELEC 437 SCRA 419
Pilar v. COMELEC 245 SCRA 759

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xii. The Election Proper (Voting & Counting)
1. Voting
a. Persons allowed to vote
b. Date, place and time
c. Official ballots
2. Failure of elections
3. Postponement of elections
4. Absentee voting
8. Block voting
9. Board of Election Inspectors
10. Watchers
11. Challenge of illegal voters
12. Counting of votes
a. Marked ballots
b. Appreciation of ballots
c. Elections returns
d. Announcement of results of elections
e. Issuance of certificate of votes
13. Canvass and certificate of canvass
a. Composition of board of canvassers
b. Prohibitions
c. Jurisdiction
d. Certificate of canvass & statement of votes
e. Proclamation

De Guzman v. Sison 355 SCRA 69

Basher v. COMELEC 330 SCRA 736
Casawa v. COMELEC 383 SCRA 787
Carlos v.Angeles, 346 SCRA 571
Batabor v. COMELEC 434 SCRA 63
Benito v. COMELEC 349 SCRA 705
Hassan v. COMELEC 264 SCRA 125
Tan v. COMELEC 417 SCRA 532
Mutilan v. COMELEC 520 SCRA 152
Tolentino v. Comelec 420 SCRA 438
Dojillo v. COMELEC 496 SCRA 484
Brillantes v. COMELEC, 432 SCRA 269
Navarro v. COMELEC, 396 SCRA 620
Barbers v. COMELEC, 460 SCRA 569
Brillantes v. COMELEC 432 SCRA 269

xiii. Modes of challenging candidacy & Election Results

1. Nuisance candidates
2. Cancellation of certificate of candidacy

xiv. Pre-proclamation controversies

1. Jurisdiction
2. When not allowed
3. Nature of proceedings
4. Issues that may be raised
5. Issues that cannot be raised
6. Procedure
7. Effect of filing of pre-proclamation controversy
8. Effect of proclamation of winning candidate
xv. Petition to annul or suspend proclamation

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 xvi. Declaration of failure of elections
xvii. Disqualification cases
1. Procedure
2. Effect
xviii. Election Contests
1. Definition
2. Nature
3. Versus election contests
4. Jurisdiction
5. Kinds

Republic of the Philippines v. Dela Rosa, 232 SCRA 785

Tan v. Comelec, 507 SCRA 352
Roquero v. COMELEC, 289 SCA 150
Dagloc v.COMELEC, 321 SCRA 273
Roces v. HRET, 469 SCRA 208
Enojas v. Gacott, 332 SCRA 272
Garcia v. HRET, 312 SCRA 352
Saquilayan v. COMELEC, 416 SCRA 658
Soller v. COMELEC, 339 SCRA 685
Arroyo v. HRET, 246 SCRA 386
Legarda v. De Castro, 454 SCRA 242
Idulza v. COMELEC, 427 SCRA 701
Reyes v. COMELEC GR No. 207264 October 22, 2013
Svetlana Jalosjos v. COMELEC 699 SCRA 507
Abayon v. HRET G.R. Nos. 222236 & 223032 May 3, 2016
Velasco v. Belmonte, Jr. G.R. 211140 January 12, 2016

xix. Election offenses

1. Jurisdiction
2. Prosecution of election offenses
3. Election offenses
a. Registration
b. Certificate of candidacy
c. Election campaign
d. Voting
e. Counting of votes
f. Canvassing
g. Acts of gov’t or public officers
h. Coercion, intimidation & violence
i. Other prohibitions
4. Penalties
5. Prescription

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