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A Subgroup of the Rubik’s Cube

Caitlyn Kaltenecker Felipe Chavez Mario Velazquez


B.S. Mathematics B.A. Secondary Ed., Mathematics B.S.N Nursing

What is a Group? Our Group The Subgroup Structure

A group is a nonempty set of elements along This subgroup is Abelian because the order of
Our subgroup is generated by the elements RR and L.
with a binary operation that satisfy the follow- its elements does not change the result.
ing: closure under the group operation, asso- This subgroup is not cyclic because no element
 
ciativity, an identity element exists, and every G= , of this subgroup will generate the entire sub-
element has an inverse element. If the elements group.
in a group commute, then we say that the group The elements of G are: The orders of the elements are: |I| = 1, |R2|
is abelian. = 2, |L| = 4, |L2| = 2, |L3| = 4, |R2L| = 4,
|R2L2| = 2, and |R2L3| = 4.
Cayley Table Although we have 8 elements in our group, L =
Subgroups L3 and R2L = R2L3, therefore, we only have
6 subgroups.
In general if a nonempty subset H of a group G
is itself a group under the operation of G, we
say that H is a subgroup of G. In this case we Subgroup Diagram
have a subset of moves (R2, L) as being allow-
able learn to solve cubes that were jumbled with  
only those moves and by doing that we are effec- ,
tively simply reducing the number of allowable PPP

permutations.  PP
 PP
 PP
PP

 PP

The Rubik’s Cube Group AZZ


A Z
A Z 


Z 
Z
Z
Z
The Rubik’s Cube can be viewed as a group be- Z
Z
Z
cause it is a nonempty set of six distinct col- T
Z
Z
Z 
lection of moves under combinations of moves.
T Z
T Z 
T Z 

Also, the group of the Rubik’s cube has closure, T


T

associativity, an identity element, and every el-


T
T
T
ement has an inverse. Since some of the moves T
T 

in a Rubik’s cube commute, we say that the Ru-
T
TT 

bik’s cube does not commute, non − abelian,


The Six Standard Moves:

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