Workplace Environment and Job Performance: Exploring their Relationship among Baristas in Small-Scale Cafes of Dasmariñas

City

____________________________________________________
Workplace Environment and Job Performance: Exploring their
Relationship among Baristas in Small-Scale Cafes of
Dasmariñas City
1Arlyn M. Bonzo, 1Kenneth Franz B. Condonar, 1Maureen D. Cuizon, 1Via Andrea
C. Gudao, 1Jachelle T. Pascua, 1Anjelica Raine E. Pilpil, 1Mayolito C. Waje and
1Ms. Kianna Alzina V. Diocales

1 Senior High School, Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite, City of Dasmariñas Cavite

Email Address: pilpilanjelicaraine@gmail.com

Contact Number: 09124505300

__________________________________________________________
KEYWORDS:
Abstract
• Environment
A workplace is substantial to the effectiveness and efficiency of the
• Employees tasks executed by the baristas on a daily basis. Small scale cafes,
• Performance in particular, struggle with building an ideal working environment that will
meet the needs and satisfaction of the baristas. The study
• Motivation intends to know the linear relationship between workplace environment and job
performance in today's competitive and
• Interaction dynamic corporate world. Using the correlational design, the study comprises
100 participants around the City of Dasmariñas through purposive sampling. Each was
asked to respond in the questionnaire, provided with a series of questions modified from the
previous study. Bivariate data was analyzed through the use of Pearson correlation
coefficient to determine the critical value. As the results were derived, tabulated data and
figure shows a strong positive correlation with a computed value of 0.76. While, plotted
points are close to one another shown in the scatter plot. This indicates a direct increase
and decrease relationship between workplace environment and job performance. Overall,
the researchers found out that a good working environment creates a sense of motivation,
security, productivity and excellency in an employee's performance.
© 2019 Emilio Aguinaldo College-Cavite. All Rights reserved.

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 Workplace Environment and Job Performance: Exploring their Relationship among Baristas in Small-Scale Cafes of Dasmariñas
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____________________________________________________________

Workplace Environment and Job Performance: Exploring their

Relationship among Small-Scale Cafes of Dasmariñas City
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Working environment is a place which encompasses the entirety of powers, movements, and other
influential factors that are contemporarily and/or possibly contending with the employee’s performance. It is
the totality of the interconnection that occurs between the workers and the environment in which they
perform their jobs (Kohun, 1992). As claimed by Campbell, McHenry, and Wise (1990), job performance is
comprised of noticeable actions that individuals execute in their jobs which are pertinent to the
organizational goals. Assessing the impact of workplace environment on the employees’ job performances
will provide knowledge and will benefit other companies. Due to study constraints, it is necessary to further
study the interrelation that will demonstrate the significance of work environment and employee’s
performance in a different firm's businesses (Nanzushi, 2015).

Given this background, the researchers conducted a study in order to ascertain the relationship
between workplace environment and job performance among baristas in the selected small-scale cafes of
Dasmariñas City.

REVIEW/SURVEY OF RELATED LITERATURE Workplace Environment

Workplace environment acquires a result regarding the employees’ interaction with other
colleagues, their work performance, and how they are managed. The worker’s consciousness, work
efficiency and the social communication can be altered by the workplace environment (Smith, 2011).

Tahir and Awan (2015) further described that a working environment is an environment where the
members work together in order to achieve the organization’s objectives. It also involves the location and
surroundings of the workplace that may be a bother or help for the employee. According to Rezaul (2014),
work environment gives purpose and meaning with the things that surrounds employees such as the inside
and outside of the place, at desk or in cubicle.

Job Performance

As stated by Rotundo (2002), job performance is the employee’s skill and ability of accomplishing
work-related tasks that is consist of activities which contribute to the goals of the organization that are under
the worker’s power. It is the enthusiasm to seek and attain new aspects of the job resulting to the increase
of a worker’s preeminence (Sinha, 2004).

An individual performance is not just for the benefit of the organization only, but also to the employee
itself. Moreover, job performance is always essential as it always leads to a higher organizational and
employee performance (Mucchal, 2014).

Sinha (2001) explained that the employee performance is dependent to the eagerness and openness
of the employees themselves on performing their jobs. He also stated that these factors could increase the
employees’ growth and productivity.

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Workplace Environment Factors Influencing Job Performance

Workplace factors such as lightings, noises, communications, and even psychological support can
have a tremendous effect on employee's behavior that can also affect their productivity. In addition, poor
working environment such as badly designed workstations, inappropriate office furniture, and inadequate
safety measures can contribute to occupational diseases (Boyce, Veith, Newsham, Myer & Hunter, 2013).

The employee’s execution, fulfillment, interpersonal skill, and health are impacted by the physical
work environment such as the temperature and location space itself. These factors are essential in the
performance of the employees and the organization (Badayai, 2012).

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Relationship of Workplace Environment with Employee’s Job Performance

A proper workplace environment gives conditions that allow workers to execute productively, letting
them to perform with their wisdom, capabilities, and proficiencies which is beneficial to the development of
the organization (Bushiri, 2014).

From the research conducted by Roelofsen (2007), it was highlighted that from 5 to 15 percent, the
performance level, as well as the job performance of employees are highly influenced by the work
environment. The employees’ rate of absenteeism is minimized by the help of a healthy workplace
environment that result to the increase of power in today’s business world (Boles, Pelletier, & Lynch, 2004).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM/OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this correlational study was to explore the relationship between workplace
environment and job performance among baristas in the selected small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City. At
this stage in the research, working environment was defined as a factor that improves employee’s
performance to be fully equipped in today's competitive and dynamic corporate world.

1. Is there any significant relationship between workplace environment and job performance among
baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City?

2. What is the level of relationship between workplace environment and job performance among
baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

Null Hypothesis

• There is no significant relationship between workplace environment and job performance among
baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City.

Alternative Hypothesis

• There is a significant relationship between workplace environment and job performance among
baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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Two Factor Theory

The Two Factor Theory was developed by Frederick Herzberg on 1986 that contains his conclusion
about the relationship between workplace environment and employees’ performances. This theory shows
that the workers’ behaviors depend on the factors brought by the workplace environment. It contains two
factors namely hygiene and motivation factors which decide the worker’s approach and level of
accomplishment (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Herzberg’s theory emphasizes that ameliorating the place in
which the job is performed encourages the employees to perform better.

The researchers used this theory as the foundation of their study since they were investigating to
determine the relationship between workplace environment and job performance among baristas in smallscale
cafes and this theory was very advantageous to discover the outcome of their study.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

-Temperature
-Location
-Lighting
-Noise
-Facilities

The figure above depicts how workplace environment and job performance correlate with each
other. Work environmental factors such as temperature, location, lighting, noise, and facilities directly
influence the employees’ consciousness, self-esteem, efficiency, attendance and even their interaction with
one another.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Baristas – For them to know the influence of work environment to the improvement of job performances.

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Owners – For them to enhance the quality of their services and to find out the appropriate courses of action
to take in running the business.

Customers – For them to experience a quality service performed by the employees.

Future Entrepreneurs – For them to acquire knowledge towards the proper approaches and strategies in
establishing a business.

Future Researchers – This will guide them in doing related research, providing them information that will
be beneficial for their study concerning the relationship of workplace environment and job performance.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

Barista – Pertains to the individual who works and serves coffee to the customers.

Small-Scale Enterprise – Refers to the micro-scale café marked by limited number of employees.

Workplace – Pertains to the small-scale cafés where job is performed by the employees.

Job Performance – Refers to the way an employee acts towards reaching a set of goals and duties.

Productivity – Pertains to the evaluation of baristas’ efficiency in terms of output done within a given time.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The coverage of this study was the exploration of the relationship between workplace environment
and job performance among baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City. Specifically, the researchers
adopted survey questionnaires that were answered by 100 respondents, particularly the baristas. The study
was conducted in certain parts of Dasmariñas City, particularly in Bayan and Kadiwa. The reason for
discussing the topic with the chosen respondents was to acquire information with the goal of determining
how workplace environment correlates with the employees’ job performances.

METHODOLOGY

STUDY DESIGN

Correlational design scrutinizes one or more characteristics of a group to determine the extent to
which the characteristics vary together. Correlational studies present the relationships among variables by
such techniques as cross-tabulation and correlations. The principal purpose of a correlational study is to
discover relationships between variables, and if a connection exists, to find out a regression equation that
might be employed to make predictions in a population. When it comes to bivariate correlational
investigations, the relationship between two variables is calculated. With the use of statistical analysis, the
relation will be provided a degree and a direction. The degree of relationship is the determinant of how
closely the variables are connected (Simon & Goes, 2011).

This study utilized correlational design since its main goal was to ascertain the significant and the level of
relationship between workplace environment and job performance among baristas in small-scale cafes of
Dasmariñas City. Correlational design perfectly suited this research and was very effective for the reason
that this exploration focuses on the connection between the said variables.

INSTRUMENTATION

This research was carried out with the use of modified survey questionnaire as the researchers
revised some of the questions adopted from questionnaires attached to different studies. The purpose of

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employing questionnaires was to attain accurate data with maximum validity and reliability, and achieving
information that are relevant to the objectives of the study. Five-point likert scale was utilized since Myers
(1999) claimed that it is deemed to be an excellent means of measuring the perception of respondents
towards an attribute and is user-friendly and lessens uncertainty, confusion and misunderstanding.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Purposive sampling, which is under the non-probability method was used to gather information as the
researchers acquired data from the respondents with specific characteristics. These characteristics were
very essential to come up with the best results for the study. Since the researchers was conducting a study
regarding the relationship between workplace environment and employee’s job performance in smallscale
cafes of Dasmariñas City, their target respondents were the baristas of any gender. They should be 18 to
30 years old because they are the ones who are active and flexible to move around to assess their
workplace environment. They must have at least two years of working experience as a barista and currently
working in their occupational environment for them to respond as accurate as possible since they are
dealing with experiences inside a small-scale cafes daily.

DATA ANALYSIS

Correlational analysis is used to interpret the bivariate data in accordance to the strength and
direction of its relationship. To determine if there is any relationship between the variables, Pearson Product
Moment Correlational Coefficient was used to analyze the data. The total value and the mean scores were
computed to get the coefficient. The computed scores underwent the relationship significance, where in r
is the computed coefficient. If r = 1, it means that there is perfect positive correlational, if r = 0, there is no
correlation, and if r = -1, there is perfect negative correlation. To test the significance of PPMC coefficient
r, computation of t value was used from the correlation coefficient (r) and the sample size. The critical value
was the basis if the alternative or null hypothesis will be accepted or rejected.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. The Relationship between Workplace Environment and Job Performance

X Y

X 1

Y 0.760063 1

Interpretation:

The variables show tight relationship since the points plotted are close with one another. Using the
Pearson R correlation analysis, the computed result of the variables shows an estimated value of 0.76.
Based on the Pearson R method, the closer the computed result to 1, the more positive correlation it is and
the closer the computed value to – 1, the more negative correlation the variables have. Positive correlation
indicates that as variable x increases, variable y also increases. Negative correlation indicates that as
variable x increases, variable y decreases and vice versa.

The table shows that the computed value is 0.76. As 0.76 is close to 1, it indicates that there is a
strong positive correlation between workplace environment and job performance. As claimed by Al-Omari
and Okasheh (2017), an employee's motivation is a crucial factor in increasing his/her job performance. In
order to motivate an employee, one should take the initiatives to motivate them through improving the
workplace environment. Hence, as workplace environment becomes more favorable, the motivation of

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employee increases leading to increase of their job performance. It is not just the performance that will
increase, the satisfaction, social relations and health will also increase through improving the physical
environment.

Figure 2. The Figurative Relationship between Workplace Environment and Job Performance
Interpretation:

The figure above presents the figurative relationship of workplace environment and job
performance. In correlation analysis for plotted points, ascending lines means that there is positive
correlation, descending lines means that there is negative correlation, while scattered plots means that
there is no correlation.

For the dotted points, the plots are close to each other and shows that many plots are ascending
meaning that there is also a positive correlation. The table indicates that there is a positive correlation
between workplace environment and job performance. Hence, the more conducive and organized the
workplace is, the more productive the employees are as a result of their job performance. The room
ambience and the available resources are some factors that make the employees motivated to do their
tasks well.

SUMMARY

Tahir and Awan (2015) claims that a workplace environment is an environment where the members
work together in order to reach their target organization’s objectives. It also involves the location and
surroundings of the workplace that may be a bother or help for the employee. As claimed by Campbell,
McHenry, and Wise (1990), job performance is consisted of noticeable actions that individuals execute in
their jobs which are pertinent to the organizational goals. A conducive workplace environment gives
conditions that allow workers to execute productively, letting them to perform with their wisdom, capabilities,
and proficiencies which is beneficial to the development of the company (Bushiri, 2014).

Workplace environment plays a significant factor for the employees’ mental, physical, social and emotional
states which can influence their job performances positively or negatively. To avoid the latter, the
researchers conducted a study in order to determine the relationship between workplace environment and
job performance among baristas in the selected small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City.

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 Workplace Environment and Job Performance: Exploring their Relationship among Baristas in Small-Scale Cafes of Dasmariñas
City

Frederick Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory was utilized as a foundation of this study which shows
that the workers’ behaviors depend on the factors brought by the workplace environment. It emphasizes
that ameliorating the place in which the job is performed encourages the employees to perform better.
Correlational design was used for it perfectly suited the study since its main goal was to ascertain
the significant and the level of relationship between workplace environment and job performance among
baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City. For the sampling technique, purposive sampling, which is
under the non-probability method was utilized to gather information as the researchers acquired data from
the respondents with specific characteristics. This research was carried out through the use of modified
survey questionnaire since revisions are made for some of the questions adopted from questionnaires,
attached to different studies. Pearson Product Moment Correlational Coefficient is used to analyze the data
to determine if there is any relationship between the variables. The total value and the mean scores are
computed to get coefficient. The computed scores underwent the relationship significance, where in r is the
computed coefficient.

Based on the data gathered by the researchers, there is a positive correlation between workplace
environment and job performance since the plots are close to one another and shows that plots are
ascending. Due to that, workplace environment has a strong relationship with job performance among the
baristas of small-scale cafes in Dasmariñas City.

CONCLUSION

Based on the findings of this present research, the researchers were able to determine and identify the
conclusions that answered the statement of the problems of this paper:

• There is a significant relationship between workplace environment and job performance among
baristas in small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City. Referring to Sehgal (2012) and Oyetunji (2014)
statement, the nature and quality of workplace environment is essential as it has an impact to
employees’ interaction and performance including their mental, physical and emotional states.
• Workplace environment has a strong positive relationship with job performance among baristas in
small-scale cafes of Dasmariñas City for it is proven that with the Pearson R, the computed value
between the variables is close to 1, which is 0.76. An employee’s motivation can be a crucial factor
in his/her job performance, meaning that unpleasant environment can decline his/her job
performance. Unpleasant environment can cause a disturbance to behavior of an employee which
can decrease motivation leading to decrease in job performance. As the research concluded that
there is a positive relationship between workplace environment and job performance, it is
suggested that workplace factors such as noise, temperature, cleanliness, and working place must
be improved to motivate employees to do their jobs well.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• Employees. For them to know how to be an instrument on maintaining a healthy workplace

environment.
• Owners. For them to further improve the quality of their services and to know the appropriate
courses of action to take on having a conducive workplace environment.
• Entrepreneurs. They could gain ideas from this study whenever they plan on building a business.
This study could be a guide through taking the environment as initiatives when building the
workplace.
• Future Researchers. They could further study the other aspects modified by a workplace
environment. Large-scale cafes could also be used as their target locale, instead of small-scale
ones.

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