PRESENTATION BY PRASAD GANPULE

 Durable and strong.

 Cure well and practically impervious to
water.
 Free from defects such as shrinkage,
cracking, honey-combing and spilling of the
surface.
 Confirm in all respects to Indian Standard.
 Cement: Basic material, Of approved make and
confirming to IS standards

 WATER : Water used for mixing concrete shall be

fresh, clean free from oil, salts, acids, alkali

 AGGREGATES :
 Aggregates (fine and coarse) shall be hard,
 Shall not contain property of decomposition or
 No change in volume when exposed to the weather or
 Not to affect the reinforcement.
 Clean and free from chemical and organic impurities.
 The particles shall be free from coatings of dust and
clay.
 Cement which has become wet, shown any
signs of caking or deterioration, or
contamination of any kind shall not be used,
and shall be immediately removed from the
site.
 Fine and coarse aggregate shall be stored in
separate open bins according to sizes on hard
paved base or platform.
 All concrete, whether plain or reinforced,
ordinary or controlled, shall be mixed in a
standard type batch mixer.
 The cement and aggregates shall be first
mixed dry until all particles of aggregates are
coated with cement.
 Mixing water shall be added as per standard
water-cement ratio and mixing continued for
at least two minutes to result in a concrete
of a uniform colour and consistency.
 Concrete should be placed in its final
position within 20 minutes of mixing.
 Arrange the mixer position and adopted a
method of transportation so as to ensure that
this period is not exceeded under any
circumstances.
 Transportation shall be smooth and free from
jolting, so that there is no segregation or loss
of any of the ingredients.
 Forms shall be well wetted before placing
concrete.
 The full depth of any lift shall be poured at
shallow operation.
 In casting beams or other deep sections
concrete shall be placed in layers.
 Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted
during and immediately after depositing by
vibrating the concrete internally be means of
mechanical vibration equipment.
 Vibration shall be accomplished by means of
internal vibrators with flexible shafts.
 Concrete shall be of such consistency, that
no appreciable amount of water is forced to
top by vibration.
 Vibration shall be carried out intermittently
until the entire section being poured has
been thoroughly vibrated.
 The vibration shall be concentrated in
vertically consolidating the concrete.
 The vibrating element shall be inserted in
the concrete mass to sufficient depth and
then allowed to vibrate.
 Mechanical vibration shall be supplemented
by Roding and working with hand tools to
ensure full consolidation around
reinforcement and at the edges and corners.
 Walking on concrete shall not be permitted
for at least 8 hours after it has been placed
in position.
 Construction joints: should be treated well before fresh
concrete is added. Joint shall be thoroughly wetted and
covered with a thin layer of cement mortar 1:2

 Vertical joints:
 At the end of any days’ work or run of concrete, the
concrete shall be finished off against temporary shutter
stop which shall be vertical and securely fixed.
 Construction joints in concrete floors and walls of
basement, water tanks, or any other structures in contact
with water or earth, shall be provided with PVC water
stops of approved make coated on either side with hot
asphalt .
 The longitudinal joints in water stops, shall preferably be
hot welded or over lapped at least 200 mm.
 Specimens of concrete used in any work shall
be taken at intervals, for crushing strength
and density measurements. Test cubes shall
be made and tested strictly in accordance
with IS code. Three to Six cubes shall be
made for each sampling,
 Allexposed faced of concrete shall be
covered with Hessian, sand or similar
material which shall be kept continuously
wet for a period of atleast ten day s after
casting
 Horizontal surface shall be cured by
impounding water in cement mortar bunds.
 After removal of hessain or sand, all
concrete surfaced shall be kept well wetted
by applying water at regular intervals for a
further period of at least 3 weeks.
 Steel reinforcements shall be of blue steel either
mild / Tor / Ribbed steel of tested quality
conforming to IS code or high yield strength of
Fe 500 grade.
 Bars shall be free from deleterious materials,
mill scale, loose rust, oil or paint.
 All steel shall be rigidly held in place with 16
gauge annealed steel wire.
 Cement mortar (1:2) blocks of required shape as
covers. MS chairs and spacer bards shall be used
in order to ensure accurate positioning of
reinforcement.
 Contractor shall also ensure that all conduits and
inserts are in position before placing concrete.
 Form work shall be rigidly. The shuttering shall be erected
on battons, beams and steel properly crossed braced.
 Constructed out of wrought timber planking of a minimum
thickness of 40 mm or steel plates or 18 to 20mm thick
waterproof plywood.
 Timber used for shuttering in contact with concrete shall
be free from adhering grout, projecting nails, splits or
other defects that are likely to mark the concrete surface.
 Formwork shall be erected true to line and levels and to
the required shapes as called for and shall be able to carry,
without deformation, the full weight of wet concrete and
other live loads.
 It shall also withstand the effect or vibration without
deflection, bulging, distortion or loosening of its
components parts.
 All joints shall be sufficiently tight to prevent
leakage of cement grout.
 Care shall be taken to remove any rubbish, wood
shavings or any other foreign material before
concreting.
 Temporary supports shall be provided as required.
Compressed air shall be used if required for cleaning
the form work before concreting.
 Formwork for walls of water tanks, basements and
other locations for facias, parapets and other similar
vertical members shall be held together rigidly by
means of form ties of suitable length.
 Shuttering oil shall be applied before placing
reinforcement.
 All formwork shall be kept in position, until the
expiry of a minimum period after concreting as
specified below :-

1.Sides of beams, walls and columns – 1 day.

2.Bottom of slabs upto 4.50 M span – 7 days
3.Bottom of slabs over 4.50 m span – 14 days.
4.Bottom of beams upto 6.00 m span – 14 days.
5.Bottom of beams over 6.00 m span – 21 days.
6.Bottom of beams over 10.0 span – 28 days.
 DEFECTS IN CONCRETE :
 Immediately on removal of formwork the surface of concrete
shall be examined by the Contractor and any honeycombs or
other imperfections shall be brought to the notice of the
Architect.
 The acceptability or otherwise such defective concrete shall be
at sole discretion of the Architect who may direct the contractor
to repair the defective work or ask for demolition and
replacement of such defective work at the risk and cost of the
Contractor.

 PROTECTION OF CONCRETE :
 All concrete shall be protected from damage by workmen
equipment, overload or any other cause at Contractor’s cost.
 All edges, corners and projection of concrete members likely to
be damaged shall be protected by means of wooden cover fillets
or as directed by Architect; at Contractor’s cost.