GAS EXCANGES IN PLANT

A.Investigate of the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis

Objctive
-to investigate of the effect of light intensity on photosynthesis
Introduction
-The gases diffuse into the intercellular spaces of the leaf through pores, which
are normally on the underside of the leaf , stomata . From these space they
will diffuse into the cells that require them . Respiration occurs throught the
day and night , providing the plant with a supply of energy . Photosynthesis can
only occur during sunlight hours so its stop at night . A product of respiration is
carbon dioxide . This can be used directly by the plant in photosynthesis.
Procedure A

2L beaker of distilled water or

5g of sodium bicarbonate in the
w declorinated water are filled beaker are added and mixed well.

Cover the plant with an Place the plant Cut the stem of a piece
inverted funnel. in the beaker . of a water plant (Elodea
spp).

Keep the plant submerged Fill the test tube with the sodium bicarbonate
by weighing it down. solution , and place it in on top of the funnel .

Observe and count the number of bubble produces in

Place the beaker under a bench lamp and
one minute , then repeat the experiment by change
wait for 5 minutes as the plant
the distance between the lamp and boiling tube with
equilibrates with the condition
10 cm , 20 cm, and 30 cm
B. Observation of guard cells in Kalanchoe sp. Leaf
Objective
-to observe the guard cells in leaf of Kalanchoe sp. Plant using the optical
microscope .

Procedure B

Obtain a frsh leaf from Kalanchoe Plant . Gently pull away the 2 leaf pieces from one
Keeping the leaf right side up , bend the another to peel off the lower epidermis
leaf perpendicular to its midrib until it
breaks

Place a small sheet of epidermis on a slide . Be

Place the slide on microscope observe and
careful to avoid wrinkling the epidermis. Add
examine it microscopically using both low
a drop of distilled water and a cover slip to
power and high . Observe the guard cell
the epidermis
carefully.

Result A
Distance Bubble
10cm 6

20cm 3

30cm 1
Result B

Discussion
A.The direction of exchange of gases between a plant and its surroundings
depends upon the time of the day and the usage of the gases by the plant.
Plants respire throughout the day, while photosynthesis takes place only in the
presence of sunlight. In daytime, carbon dioxide produced in respiration by the
plants is used by them in photosynthesis. So, carbon dioxide is not released
into the environment. In fact, plants take in additional carbon dioxide from the
air for photosynthesis. Out of the oxygen produced in photosynthesis, some
amount is consumed by the plants in respiration.

B. The rest is released into the air through the stomata. At night, when there is
no photosynthesis, no oxygen is released. Also, the carbon dioxide produced in
respiration is not used by the plants. So, it is released in the air. That is why it is
advised not to sleep under trees at night. In summary we can say that in
daytime, on the whole, the plant releases oxygen and takes in carbon dioxide.
And at night the plant releases carbon dioxide and takes in oxygen.

Conclusion

-Based on the experiment of part A , we investigate of the effect of light

intensity on photosynthesis are from distance between light and plant . As we
got , the distance of 10 cm from plant are more produce bubble than distance
of 30cm . Then , based on the experiment of B , we find the guard cells in leaf
of Kalanchoe sp. Plant using the optical microscope . First , we observed by
using low power of microscope and we got the image of guard cell are not
clear than using high power of microscope . We got the clear picture of guard
cell like a picture on the result by using high power .

References

1)https://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/gas-exchange/revise-it/gas-exchange-in-plants ( 6
April 2019 , 10.13 pm )

2) http://www.biology-pages.info/G/GasExchange.html ( 6 April 2019 , 10.35 pm)

3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_exchange ( 6 April 2019 , 11.20 pm )