Cell

Occurrence/ Characteristic & Structure Function

Organelle

 Present in both plant cell and animal cell.

 Selectively Permeable: Allows

the materials in and out of the cell according
to the requirement of the cell.
 Encloses the contents
of the cell.
Cell
Membrane/  Provides shape:
Plasma animal cell.
Membrane
 Allows transport:
by Diffusion and
Osmosis.

 Made up of bilipid layer and protein (Fluid

Mosaic Model)

 Present only in a plant cell.

 Hard and rigid.  Protection

Cell Wall  Fully permeable.  Gives shape and
turgidity.
 Made up of Cellulose in plant and
peptidoglycan in bacteria.
  Contains 80-90% water and many organic  Contains enzymes
and inorganic compounds. responsible for all the
Cytoplasm metabolic activity
 Colloidal, Viscous, Jelly like fluid inside the taking place inside the
cell. cell.

 Covered by a double membranous nuclear

membrane in a Eukaryotic Cell.
Nucleus  Contains DNA, RNA, Protein, nucleolus,  Controls the activity
and Chromatin network. of the cell.
(Director/
Brain of the  Starts cell division.
Cell)
 It has the
chromosomes or DNA
which controls the
hereditary characters
  Double membranous structure.

 Autonomous body as contains its

own DNA.

 Self-duplicates

 The main seat of respiration.

Mitochondria
(The Power  Stores energy in the form of ATP
House of The molecules.
Cell / Storage
Batteries)
  Discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898.

 Originates from RER.

 Contains Sac like Cisternae and Vesicles.

 Has two faces – cis face or

receiving face and trans face or supplying
Golgi Bodies face.  Modification,
Packaging, and
transport of materials
(Shipping
Department of  Synthesis of
Cell) lysosomes, plasma
membrane
  Forms the skeletal
framework of the cell.

 A network of membranes.  Transport of materials

from one cell to other.
 RER bears ribosomes and appears rough
 Provides a surface for
Endoplasmic  SER does not have ribosomes the synthesis of
Reticulum material – Proteins in
RER and Lipids in
SER.
(Framework of
Cell)  Formation of
lysosomes, Golgi
bodies and vacuoles

 Membrane Biogenesis

 Detoxification of
harmful substances in
the liver.

 Store cell sap which

 Arise from ER and GB may be liquid or solid
food, toxic byproduct.
 Surrounded by tonoplast and filled with cell
sap  Provide rigidity and
Vacuole
turgidity to plant cell
 Lysosomes  Membrane-bound organelles  Intracellular digestion
(Suicidal of food in unicellular
bags of Cell,  Present in all animal cells and few plant organisms.
natural cells
scavenger,
cellular  Tiny circular single membrane-bound
housekeeper) structures filled with digestive enzymes

 Without a membrane

 Consist of two subunits – 60S and 40S

in eukaryote both made up of RNA

Ribosomes
(Protein  Synthesis of Proteins
Factories)
  Double membrane-bound
Types-
 Chloroplast – Perform
Photosynthesis –
1. Leucoplast –Colourless plastid; Helps in the release of
oxygen
2. Chromoplast –Coloured Plastid – blue, red,
 Chromoplast –
yellow
impart colour to
3. Chloroplast – Green plastid flowers which help in
pollination
 Autonomous self-duplicating body
 Leucoplast – Storage
Plastids
 Amyloplast –Store
starch

 Aleuroplast – Store
Protein

 Elaioplast – Store fat

Leucoplasts are typically found in tissues that don't undergo photosynthesis, such
as roots and seeds. Types of leucoplasts include:

 Amyloplasts: These leucoplasts convert glucose to starch for storage. The

starch is stored as granules in amyloplasts of tubers, seeds, stems, and
fruit. The dense starch grains cause amyloplasts to sediment in plant
tissue in response to gravity. This induces growth in a downward direction.
Amyloplasts also synthesize transitory starch. This type of starch is stored
temporarily in chloroplasts to be broken down and used for energy at night
when photosynthesis does not occur. Transitory starch is found primarily
in tissues where photosynthesis occurs, such as leaves.