Final Documentation

ABSTRACT
This Multi-Utility Protection System project is used for fire detection and then
sending an SMS and call alert to a cellphone. The design is based on Arduino Uno. The
project also includes an LCD and an LED for visual indications, and a buzzer for audio
indication. It has sensory systems including dht11 and moisture sensors along with a
relay switching device. Agricultural equipment includes farm robots, pest controls, and
crops and seeds monitoring systems. This circuit generates an alarm if a fire breaks out
near motors, transformers or other equipment installed in the field. At the same time,
electrical load is automatically switched off. This circuit should be installed near the
equipment to be monitored.
If a fire breaks out, or excessive heat or burning flame is detected near the
equipment, the system generates an alert with visual LED indication and a sound alarm.
Status of the environment in real time, including temperature ,humidity level and status of
the field is displayed on the LCD. The LCD is used to track the temperature . If the level
goes beyond safe limit, immediate action can be taken. Most of the time, workers are in
the field, so they can check various sensor levels through the LCD.
INDEX
S.NO CHAPTER PAGE.NO
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 1
METHODOLOGY 2
NEED OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 4
TYPES OF EMBEDDDED SYSTEMS 6
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 7
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
EXISTING SYSTEMS 10
PROPOSED SYSTEM 12
3. BLOCKDIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM 13
DESCRIPTION 14
4. HARDWAREDESCRIPTION
ATMEGA 328MICROCONTROLLER 15
GSM MODULE SIM800A 21
DHT11 SENSOR 22
MOISURE SENSOR 26
16*2 LCDJHD162A SERIES 28
LED 30
PIEZZO BUZZER 31
5V DUAL CHANNEL RELAY MODULE 32
SUBMERSIBLE MOTOR WITH SPRINKLER 34
POTENTIOMETER 36
S.NO CHAPTER PAGE.NO
5. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
ARDUINOIDE1.8.10 37
6 IMPLEMENTATION
.
CIRCUITDIAGRAM 40
CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING 41
RESULT 44
ADVANTAGESANDDISADVANTAGES 46
APPLICATIONS 47
CONCLUSION 48
FUTURESCOPE 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY 50
APPENDIX 51
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG.NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE.NO.
2.1 FIRST FIRE ALARM 9
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 13
ARDUINO 16
4.1.1 UNO BOARD
PIN DIAGRAM OF 18
4.1.2 ATMEGA 328
GSM 21
4.2.1 MODULE
SIM800A
4.3 DHT11 SENSOR 24
4.4 MOISTURE SENSOR 27
4.5 16*2 LCD DISPLAY 28
4.6.1 LED 30
LED SCHEMATIC 30
4.6.2
SYMBOL
4.7 PIEZZOBUZZER 31
DUAL CHANNEL 33
4.8 RELAY MODULE
4.9 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP 35
4.10 SPRINKLER 35
4.11 POTENTIOMETER 36
5.1 EDITING WINDOW 37
5.2 BOARD SELECTION 38
5.3 COMPILING 38
UPLOADING SOURCE 39
5.4 CODE
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG.NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE.NO.
6.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

40
6.2 OVERALL VIEW OF

PROJECT 41
6.3.1 TEMPERATURE AND

HUMIDITY VALUES AT 42
NORMAL LEVEL
6.3.2 TEMPERATURE AND
ANALOG VALUES AT 43
NORMAL LEVEL
6.3.3 MOISTURE
PERCENTAGE AND 43
DRY FIELD
6.3.4 MOISTURE
PERCENTAGE AND 44
WET FIELD
6.4 INDICATION OF FIRE
44
ACCIDENT
6.5 INDICATION OF
HEAVY WATER 45
LIST OF TABLES
S.NO. NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE.NO.

4.1.1 FEATURES OF ARDUINO UNO
15
4.1.2 PIN DESCRIPTION OF

ATMEGA328 19
4.2 PIN SPECIFICATION OF GSM

MOUDULE SIM800A
22
4.3 PIN IDENTIFICATION AND

CONFRIGUATION OF DHT11
SENSOR 23
4.4 OVERVIEW OF DHT11

SENSOR
24
4.5 ELECTRICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF DHT11
SENSOR 24
4.6 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS OF

DHT11 SENSOR
25
4.7 PIN DESCRIPTION OF 16*2 LCD

29
MULTI UTILITY PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
1. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
This Multi-Utility Protection System project is used for fire detection and then
sending an SMS and voice alert to a cell phone. The design is based on Arduino Uno. The
project also includes an LCD and an LED for visual indications, and a buzzer for audio
indication. It has sensory system including DHT11 sensor along with a relay switching
device.
Agricultural equipment include farm robots, pest controls, and crops and seeds
monitoring systems. This circuit generates an alarm if a fire breaks out near motors,
transformers or other equipment installed in the field. At the same time, electrical load is
automatically switched off. This circuit should be installed near the equipment to be
monitored.
If a fire breaks out, or excessive heat or burning flame is detected near the equipment,
the system generates an alert with visual LED indication and a sound alarm. Status of the
environment in real time, including temperature and humidity, is displayed on the LCD.
The LCD is used to track the temperature sensor level. If the level goes beyond safe limit,
immediate action can be taken. Most of the time, workers are in the field, so they can
check various sensor levels through the LCD.
GSM-based SMS and voice alert facility is also included. It allows getting the SMS
and voice alert on a cellphone at home, even at night in case of fire. The owner can then
alert the worker or in charge present in the field to take appropriate action.
The main objectives are:

1. DHT11 sensor to detect the range of temperature and humidity.
2. GSM module to send message and voice alert to the receiver.
The project provides us with the learning of following aspects:
1. Characteristics of ARDUINO UNO microcontroller.
2. Features of DHT11 sensor.
3. SIM 800A GSM characteristics.
DEPARTMENT OF ECE,MRIET 1
The main building blocks of this project are:
1. AT mega 328microcontroller.
2. GSM sim800A module.
3. DHT11sensor.
4. Moisture sensor. 5.16*2LCD.
5. 5V Dual Channel Relay Module.
6. Sprinkler.
Software used:
1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino ide version1.8.9.
METHODOLOGY
Embedded Systems:
An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated

functions often with real time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete
device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general purpose
computer, such as a Personal Computer (PC), is designed to be flexible and to meet a
wide range of end-user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in common use
today. Embedded systems are controlled by one or more main processing cores that are
typically either microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP). The key
characteristic, however, is being dedicated to handle a particular task, which may require
very powerfulprocessors.
Physically embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches
and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or
the systems controlling nuclear power plants. In general, "embedded system" is not a
strictly definable term, as most systems have some element of extensibility or
programmability.
For example, handheld computers share some elements with embedded systems
such as the operating systems and microprocessors which power them, but they allow
different applications to be loaded and peripherals to be connected. Moreover, even
systems which don't expose programmability as a primary feature generally need to
support software updates. On a continuum from "general purpose" to "embdded", large
application systems will have subcomponents at most points even if the system as a
whole is "designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions", and is thus appropriate
to call "embedded".
History:
In the earliest years of computers in the 1930-40s, computers were sometimes

dedicated to a single task, but were far too large and expensive for most kinds of tasks
performed by embedded computers of today. Over time however, the concept of
programmable controllers evolved from traditional electromechanical sequencers. One of
the first recognizably modern embedded systems was the Apollo Guidance Computer,
developed by Charles Stark Draper at the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory. At the
project's inception, the Apollo guidance computer was considered the riskiest item in the
Apollo project as it employed the then newly developed monolithic integrated circuits to
reduce the size and weight. An early mass-produced embedded system was the
Automatics D-17 guidance computer for the Minuteman missile, released in 1961. It was
built from transistor logic and had a hard disk for main memory. When the Minuteman II
went into production in 1966, the D-17 was replaced with a new computer that was the
first high-volume use of integrated circuits.
Resources:
To save costs, embedded systems frequently have the cheapest processors that can
do the job. This means your programs need to be written as efficiently as possible. When
dealing with large data sets, issues like memory cache misses that never matter in PC
programming can hurt you. Luckily, this won't happen too often- use reasonably efficient
algorithms to start, and opti- mize only when necessary. Of course, normal profilers won't
work well, due to the same reason debuggers don't work well
Real Time Issues:

Embedded systems frequently control hardware and must be able to respond to them
in real time. Failure to do so could cause inaccuracy in measurements, or even damage
hardware such as motors. This is made even more difficult by the lack of resources
available. Almost all embedded.
NEED FOR EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS
The uses of embedded systems are virtually limitless, because every day new products
are introduced to the market that utilizes embedded computers in novel ways. In recent
years, hardware such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, and FPGA chips have
become much cheaper. So when implementing a new form of control, it's wiser to just
buy the generic chip and write your own custom software for it. Producing a custom-
made chip to handle a particular task or set of tasks costs far more time and money. Many
embedded computers even come with extensive libraries, so that "writing your own
software" becomes a very trivial task indeed. From an implementation viewpoint, there is
a major difference between a computer and an embedded system. Embedded systems are
often required to provide Real- Time response. The main elements that make embedded
systems unique are its reliability and ease in debugging.
Debugging:
Embedded debugging may be performed at different levels, depending on the

facilities available. From simplest to most sophisticate they can be roughly grouped into
the following areas:
 Interactive resident debugging, using the simple shell provided by the embedded
operating system (e.g. Forth and Basic)
 External debugging using logging or serial port output to trace operation using either a
monitor in flash or using a debug server like the Remedy Debugger which even works for
heterogeneous multi core systems.
 An in-circuit debugger (ICD), a hardware device that connects to the microprocessor

via a JTAG or Nexus interface. This allows the operation of the microprocessor to be
controlled externally, but is typically restricted to specific debugging capabilities in the

processor.
 An in-circuit emulator replaces the microprocessor with a simulated equivalent,

providing full control over all aspects of the microprocessor.A complete emulator
provides a simulation of all aspects of the hardware, allowing all of it to be controlled
and modified and allowing debugging on a normal PC.
 Unless restricted to external debugging, the programmer can typically load and run
software through the tools, view the code running in the processor, and start or stop its
operation. The view of the code may be as assembly code or source-code.
Because an embedded system is often composed of a wide variety of elements, the

debugging strategy may vary. For instance, debugging a software (and microprocessor)
centric embedded system is different from debugging an embedded system where most of
the processing is performed by peripherals (DSP, FPGA, co-processor). An increasing
number of embedded systems today use more than one single processor core. A common
problem with multi-core development is the proper synchronization of software
execution. In such a case, the embedded system design may wish to check the data traffic
on the busses between the processor cores, which requires very low-level debugging, at
signal/bus level, with a logic analyzer, for instance.
Reliability:
Embedded systems often reside in machines that are expected to run continuously
for years without errors and in some cases recover by them if an error occurs. Therefore
the software is usually developed and tested more carefully than that for personal
computers, and unreliable mechanical moving parts such as disk drives, switches or
buttons are avoided.
Specific reliability issues may include:
 The system cannot safely be shut down for repair, or it is too inaccessible to repair.
Examples include space systems, undersea cables, navigational beacons, bore-hole
systems, and automobiles.
 The system must be kept running for safety reasons. "Limp modes" are less tolerable.
Often backup s are selected by an operator. Examples include aircraft navigation, reactor
control systems, safety-critical chemical factory controls, train signals, engines on single-
engine aircraft.
 The system will lose large amounts of money when shut down: Telephone switches,
factory controls, bridge and elevator controls, funds transfer and market making,
automated sales and service.

A variety of techniques are used, sometimes in combination, to recover from errors
both software bugs such as memory leaks, and also soft errors in the hardware:
 Watchdog timer that resets the computer unless the software periodically notifies the
watchdog
 Subsystems with redundant spares that can be switched over to software "limp modes"
that provide partial function.
 Designing with a Trusted Computing Base (TCB) architecture[6] ensures a highly

secure & reliable system environment
 An Embedded Hypervisor is able to provide secure encapsulation for any subsystem

component, so that a compromised software component cannot interfere with other
subsystems, or privileged-level system software. This encapsulation keeps faults from
propagating from one subsystem to another, improving reliability. This may also allow a
subsystem to be automatically shut down and restarted on fault detection.
 Immunity Aware Programming.
TYPES OF EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS
These systems take the input in the form of electrical signals from transducers or
commands from human beings such as pressing of a button etc.., process them and
produces deStand alone mode. Such embedded systems come under stand-alone
embedded systems. E.g.: microwave oven, air conditioner etc...
Hard Real-time embedded systems:
These embedded systems follow an absolute deadline time period i.e.., if the
tasking is not done in a particular time period then there is a cause of damage to the entire
equipment. E.g.: consider a system in which we have to open a valve within 30
milliseconds. If this valve is not opened in 30ms this may cause damage to the entire
equipment.
Soft Real-Time embedded systems:
These embedded systems follow a relative deadline time period i.e.., if the task is not
done in a particular time that will not cause damage to the equipment. E.g.: Consider a
TV remote control system, if the remote control takes a few milliseconds delay it will not
cause damage either to the TV or to the remote control.
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM:
• Consumer electronics – Televisions and digital cameras; computer printers; video game
consoles and home entertainment systems like PS4.
• Household appliances – Refrigerators; washing machines, microwave ovens, air
conditioners
• Medical equipment – Scanners like those for MRI, CT; ECG machines; devices to
monitor blood pressure and heartbeat
• Automobiles – Fuel injection systems, anti-lock braking systems, music and
entertainment systems, controls for air-conditioner
• Industrial applications – Assembly lines, systems for feedback, systems for data
collection
• Aerospace – Systems for navigation and guidance, GPS
• Communications – Routers, satellite phones
Microcontroller versus microprocessor:
What is the difference between a Microprocessor and Microcontroller? By

microprocessor is meant the general purpose Microprocessors such as Intel's X86 family
(8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, and the Pentium) or Motorola's 680X0 family
(68000,68010, 68020, 68030, 68040, etc.). These microprocessors contain no RAM, no
ROM, and no I/O ports on the chip itself. For this reason, they are commonly referred to
as general-purpose Microprocessors.
A system designer using a general-purpose microprocessor such as the Pentium or

the 68040 must add RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and timers externally to make them
functional. Although the addition of external RAM, ROM, and I/O ports makes these
systems bulkier and much more expensive, they have the advantage of versatility such
that the designer can decide on the amount of RAM, ROM and I/O ports needed to fit the
task at hand. This is not the case with Microcontrollers.
A Microcontroller has a CPU (a microprocessor) in addition to a fixed amount of RAM,
ROM, I/O ports, and a timer all on a single chip. In other words, the processor, the RAM,
ROM, I/O ports and the timer are all embedded together on one chip; therefore, the
designer cannot add any external memory, I/O ports, or timer to it. The fixed amount of
on-chip ROM, RAM, and number of I/O ports in Microcontrollers makes them ideal for
many applications in which cost and space are critical
2.LITERATURE SURVEY
INTRODUCTION
The first fire alarm system ever was invented way back in 1852 by Dr. William F.
Channing and Moses Farmer. The system consisted of two fire alarm boxes that each had
a telegraphic key and a handle. If a fire was detected in a home or business, someone
would have to reach inside one of the boxes and crank the handle in order to send an alert
about the fire to a nearby alarm station.
An operator at the station would then take the message and alert a fire department about it
so that they could send help. As you can see, it was quite a process and required several
steps.
The first electric fire alarm system was invented almost four decades later in 1890 by
Francis Robbins Upton. He recognized that, in most cases, people wouldn’t have time to
stand around and crank a handle inside of a box when a fire started. Therefore, his electric
system eliminated the need for this step.
Surprisingly, the design for his system wasn’t all that popular when it was first
introduced, but over time, people started to realize the need for a more advanced fire
alarm system like this one.
FIG 2.1 FIRST FIRE ALARM
EXISTING SYSTEM
Design of an Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM module
1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017
This paper describes the design of a home fire alarm with Arduino-based system by
means of GSM Module. The project purposely is for house safety where the main point is
to avoid the fire accidents occurred to the residents and the properties inside the house as
well. It utilizes Arduino Uno board in conjunction with ATmega328 chip. The main
controller used is certainly the ATmega328 which controls the home fire alert subjected
to the temperature sensor. An LM35 temperature sensor is used to detect the heat from
the fire. An alert message will be sent to the user via short message service (SMS) via
GSM module. When the system detects the temperature of 400 C or more, it will
immediately display an alert notification on LCD display and simultaneously sending an
SMS alert to the users upon the high raise temperature in the house. Results from the test
are documented and discussed. Through this system, it can help users to improve their
safety standards by having immediate response in preventing accidents. This will
eventually allow the users to protect their lives and the properties as well from the
disaster.
Fire Alarm System Using IOT R. Angeline, Adithya S, Abishek Narayanan
Detection of fire in homes is necessary to avoid destruction of property due to fire

accidents both natural and induced. Detection of fire can prove to be very important as it
could mean the difference between life and death. Fires can occur from anywhere and at
any point of time, hence the presence of Fire Alarm System helps in keeping your family
safe. Some people don’t see the need to have a fire alarm system. They just assume that
they could smell the fire and run out in time. The average time for a house to burn down
nowadays is just 60 seconds. So, by the time you smell the fire and try to run away, the
fire has probably engulfed the house. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of devices
connected and accessible through the internet. The ‘Thing’ in IOT could refer to any
physical device, varying from a toaster to an automobile. These devices can be connected
through the internet and help us manipulate or collect data from them.
GSM Based Fire Sensor Alarm Using Arduino

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4,
April-2016 259 ISSN 2229-55187
Security and automation is prime concern in our day to day life. The approach to home
and industrial automation and security system design is almost standardized nowadays. In
this paper, we have tried to increase this standard by combining new techniques and
developed a low cost home and industrial automated security systems. Everyone wants to
be as much as secure as possible. The design of simple hardware circuit enables every
user to use this fire sensor, temperature sensor, gas sensor, smoke sensor at home and
industries.
Monitoring moisture of soil using low cost homemade Soil moisture sensor and
Arduino UNO -2016 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computing
and Communication Systems (ICACCS)
Persistent increase in population of world is demanding more and more supply of food.
Hence there is a significant need of advancement in cultivation to meet up the future food
needs. It is important to know moisture levels in soil to maximize the output. But most of
farmers cannot afford high cost devices to measure soil moisture. Our research work in
this paper focuses on home-made low cost moisture sensor with accuracy. In this paper
we present a method to manufacture soil moisture sensor to estimate moisture content in
soil hence by providing information about required water supply for good cultivation.
This sensor is tested with several samples of soil and able to meet considerable accuracy.
Measuring soil moisture is an effective way to determine condition of soil and get
information about the quantity of water that need to be supplied for cultivation. Two
separate methods are illustrated in this paper to determine soil moisture over an area and
along the depth.
Arduino Automatic Plant Irrigation using Message Alert Based

IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology|
Volume 4 | Issue 12 | May 2018
ISSN (online): 2349-6010
The traditional irrigation system involves most manual labor intensive task. Farmers
usually work on large portions of land to grow different types of crops. It is not always
possible for one person to be able to keep track of entire farm land about crop and the soil
moisture due to health problems, age and unavailability of a person. To overcome this
problem a solution is proposed to automate the irrigation system using Arduino and
monitoring the farm field by using photos captured by the camera. Depending upon the
level of soil moisture content, the system supplies the water to a farm field by sensing the
soil moisture. The process of producing appropriate amount of water to plants avoids
some of situation like mud cracks, plant disease etc. When the water level reaches the
threshold value it automatically stops, sends the notification of a farm field to the farmers.
This helps in irrigating the field even during night time, so does not require the farmer to
switch on motor manually. Ultimately a farmer can monitor the condition of farm field
from anywhere.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
This Multi-Utility Protection System for agricultural equipment project is used for
fire detection and then sending an SMS and call alert to a cellphone. The design is based
on Arduino Uno. The project also includes an LCD and an LED for visual indications,
and a buzzer for audio indication.It consists of two sensor those are DHT11 and soil
moisture sensor .The DHT11 detects the temperature and humidity at its surroundings
,where soil moisture sensor used to know the moisture level including the status of the
agricultural field .If the temperature crosses the threshold value then it generates an alert
which includes visual , audio indication and by sending the message and call .For sending
the SMS and call alert we use GSM MODULE .
3.BLOCKDIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
In this chapter the block diagram of the project and design aspect of independent
modules are considered. The block diagram is shown in the below figure 2.1.
FIG 3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
The above block diagram shows the components individually that are required for
the construction of the circuit. ATMEGA 328 is considered as the heart of the circuit.
The DHT11 sensor identifies the levels and the respected commands are observed on the
LCD.
If a fire breaks out, or excessive heat or burning flame is detected near the
equipment, the system generates an alert with visual LED indication and a sound alarm.
Status of the environment in real time, including temperature and humidity, is displayed
on the LCD. The LCD is used to track the temperature and humidity sensor level. If the
level goes beyond safe limit, immediate action can be taken. Most of the time, workers
are in the field, so they can check various sensor levels through the LCD.GSM-based
SMS and voice alert facility is also included. It allows getting the SMS and voice alert on
a cellphone at home, even at night in case of fire. The owner can then alert the worker or
in-charge present in the field to take appropriate action.
The LCD displays the normal level when the temperature and humidity level are
at normal range. When excessive fire breaks out the DHT11 sensor senses the humidity
and temperature levels and displays as fire acident on the lcd. The immediate visual
indication and audio indication are observed by the LED blinking and the buzzer which
helps the nearby people to take immediate action.
4.HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
ATMEGA 328MICROCONTROLLER
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328

(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs),
6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the
FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it feature the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. Revision 2 of the Uno board has a
resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put into DFU mode.
TABLE 4.1.1 FEATURES OF ARDUINO UNO

Microcontroller ATmega328
Operating Voltage 5V Input
Voltage (recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 Ma
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 Ma
Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB

used by boot loader
SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Power:
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come
either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by
plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery
can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can
operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the
5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than
12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range
is 7 to 12 volts.
FIG 4.1.1 ARDUINO UNO
The power pins are as follows:
 VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source
(as op- posed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You
can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it
through this pin.
 5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can be
supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V),
or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses
the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't adviseit.
 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50mA.
 GND. Ground pins.
Memory:
The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the bootloader). It also has 2 KB of
SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM (which can be read and written with the EEPROM
library).
Input and Output:
Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using
pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin
can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor
(disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized
functions:
 Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.
These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL
Serialchip.
 External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on

a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt()
function for details.
 PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the
analogWrite()function.
 SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13(SCK).
These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.
 LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH
value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off. The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled
A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values).
By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper
end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally,
some pins have specialized functionality.
FIG 4.1.2 PIN DIAGRAM OF ATMEGA 328
 TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. Support TWI communication using the
Wire library. There are a couple of other pins on the board:
 AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().
 Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset
button to shields which block the one on the board. See also the mapping between
Arduino pins and AT- mega328 ports. The mapping for the Atmega8, 168, and 328 is
identical.
TABLE 4.1.2 PIN DESCRIPTION OF ATMEGA328
Pin number Description Function
1 PC6 Reset
2 PD0 Digital Pin (RX)
3 PD1 Digital Pin (TX)
4 PD2 Digital Pin
5 PD3 Digital Pin (PWM)
6 PD4 Digital Pin
7 Vcc Positive voltage (Power)
8 GND Ground
9 XTAL 1 Crystal Oscillator
10 XTAL 2 Crystal Oscillator
13 PD7 Digital Pin
14 PB0 Digital Pin
15 PB1 Digital Pin (PWM)
18 PB4 Digital Pin
19 PB5 Digital Pin
20 AVCC Positive voltage for ADC (power)
21 AREF Reference Voltage
22 GND Ground
23,24,25 PC0,PC1,PC2 Analog Input
26,57,28 PC3,PC4,PC5 Analog Input
As stated before, 20 of the pins function as I/O ports. This means they can
function as an input to the circuit or as output. Whether they are input or output is set in
the software. 14 of the pins are digital pins, of which 6 can function to give PWM output.
6 of the pins are for analog input/output.2 of the pins are for the crystal oscillator. This is
to provide a clock pulse for the At mega chip. A clock pulse is needed for synchronization
so that communication can occur in synchrony between the At mega chip and a device
that it is connected to.
The chip needs power so 2 of the pins, Vcc and GND, provide it power so that it
can operate. The Atmega328 is a low-power chip, so it only needs between 1.8-5.5V of
power to operate. The Atmega328 chip has an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) inside
of it. This must be or else the Atmega328 wouldn't be capable of interpreting analog
signals. Because there is an ADC, the chip can interpret analog input, which is why the
chip has 6 pins for analog input. The ADC has 3 pins set aside for it to function- AVCC,
AREF, and GND. AVCC is the power supply, positive voltage, that for the ADC.
The ADC needs its own power supply in order to work. GND is the power supply
ground. AREF is the reference voltage that the ADC uses to convert an analog signal to
its corresponding digital value.
Analog voltages higher than the reference voltage will be assigned to a digital
value of 1, while analog voltages below the reference voltage will be assigned the digital
value of 0.Since the ADC for the Atmega328 is a 10-bit ADC, meaning it produces a 10-
bit digital value, it converts an analog signal to its digital value, with the AREF value
being a reference for which digital values are high or low.
Thus, a portrait of an analog signal is shown by this digital value; thus, it is its
digital correspondent value.
The last pin is the RESET pin. This allows a program to be rerun and start over.
GSM MODULE SIM 800A:
GSM/GPRS Modem-RS232 is built with Dual Band GSM/GPRS engine-

SIM800A, works on frequencies 850/ 1800MHz. The Modem is coming with RS232
interface, which allows you connect PC as well as microcontroller with RS232
Chip(MAX232). The baud rate is configurable from 9600-115200 through AT command.
The GSM/GPRS Modem is having internal TCP/IP stack to enable you to connect with
internet via GPRS. It is suitable for SMS, Voice as well as DATA transfer application in
M2M interface. The onboard Regulated Power supply allows you to connect wide range
unregulated power supply . Using this modem, you can make voice calls, SMS, Read
SMS, attend the incoming calls and internet etc with low power consumption.
FIG 4.2.1 GSM MODULE SIM800A

Features:
 Dual band GSM/GPRS850/1800MHz. Configurable baud rate.

 SIM cardholder.
 Built in network status LED.
 Inbuilt powerful TCP/IP protocols stack for internet data transfer over GPRS.
Applications:
Access control devices. Supply chain management.
TABLE 4.2 PIN SPECIFICATION OF GSM MODULE
PIN SPECIFICATION NAME DESCRIPTION
1 GND Power supply ground
2 TX Transmitter
3 RX Receiver
4 Line_r &line_l Line input
5 Spk_p & spk_n Speaker positive and negative
6 Mic_p & mic_n Mic positive and negative
7 DTR Data terminal ready
8 CTS Clear to send
9 RTS Request to send
Working:
Unlike mobile phones, a GSM modem doesn’t have a keypad and display to
interact with. It just accepts certain commands through a serial interface and
acknowledges for those. These commands are called as AT commands. There are a list of
AT commands to instruct the modem to perform its functions. Every command starts
with "AT". That’s why they are called as AT commands. AT stands for attention. In our
simple project, the program waits for the mobile number to be entered through the
keyboard. When a ten digit mobile number is provided, the program instructs the modem
to send the text message and voice call using a sequence of AT commands.
DHT11 SENSOR
The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It
uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and
spits out a digtal Signal on the data pin(no analog input pins needed). It is fairly simple to
use, but requires careful timing to grab data.
The only real downside of this sensor is you can only get new data from it once
every 2 seconds, so when using our library, sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds old.
This sensor can be easily interfaced with any microcontroller such as Arduino to measure
humidity and temperature instantaneously. DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is
available.DHT11 is a relative humidity sensor.
DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for
sensing temperature. The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture
holding substrate as a dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs
with the change in humidity levels. The IC measure, process this changed resistance
values and change them into digital form.
For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature coefficient

thermistor, which causes a decrease in its resistance value with increase in temperature.
To get larger resistance value even for the smallest change in temperature, this sensor is
usually made up of semiconductor ceramics or polymers.
The temperature range of DHT11 is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with a2-degree accuracy.
Humidity range of this sensor is from 20 to 80% with 5% accuracy. The sampling rate of
this sensor is 1Hz .i.e. it gives one reading for every second. DHT11 is small in size with
operating voltage from 3 to 5 volts. The maximum current used while measuring is
2.5mA.
TABLE 4.3 PIN IDENTIFICATION AND CONFRIGUATION OF DHT11 SENSOR
NO Pin Name Description
1 Vcc Power supply 3.5V to 5.5V
2 Data Outputs both Temperature and Humidity through serial Data
3 Ground Connected to the ground of the circuit
MULTI UTILITY PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR AGRICULTURE EQUIPMENT
FIG 4.3 DHT11 SENSOR
Technical Specifications:-
TABLE 4.4 OVERVIEW OF DHT11 SENSOR
Item Measurement Range HumidityAccuracy TemperatureAccuracy Resolution Package
DHT11 20-90%RH ±5％RH± 2℃ 1 4 Pin Single

0-50 ℃ Row
TABLE 4.5 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DHT11 SENSOR

VCC=5V,T=25℃ (unless otherwise stated)
Conditions Minimum Typical Maximum
Power Supply DC 3V 5V 5.5V
Current Supply Measuring 0.5mA 2.5mA
Average 0.2mA 1mA
Standby 100uA 150uA
Sampling period Second 1
Note: Sampling period at intervals should be no less than 1 second.
TABLE 4.6 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS OF DHT11 SENSOR
Parameters Conditions Mnimum Typical Maximum
Humidity
Resolution 1%RH 1%RH 1%RH
8 Bit
Repeatability ±1%RH
Accuracy 25℃ ±4%RH
0-50℃ ±5%RH
Interchangeability Fully Interchangeable
Measurement Range 0℃ 30%R 90%RH

H
25℃ 20%RH 90%RH
50℃ 20%R 80%RH

H
Response Time 1/e(63%)25℃， 6S 10 S 15 S

(Seconds) 1m/s
Air
Hysteresis ±1%RH
Long-Term Typical ±1%RH/year

Stability
Temperature
Resolution 1℃ 1℃ 1℃
8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit
Repeatability ±1℃
Accuracy ±1℃ ±2℃
MeasurementRange 0℃ 50℃
Response Time(Seconds) 1/e(63%) 6S 30 S
Applications:
 Measure temperature and humidity. Local Weather station.
 Automatic climate control. Environment monitoring.
MOISTURE SENSOR
The Moisture sensor is used to measure the water content (moisture) of soil. When
the soil is having water shortage, the module output is at high level; else the output is at
low level. This sensor reminds the user to water their plants and also monitors the
moisture content of soil. It has been widely used in agriculture, land irrigation and
botanical gardening.
The soil moisture sensor consists of two probes that measure the volume of water in the
soil. The two probes allow the electric current to pass through the soil and according to
its resistance, measure the moisture level of the soil.
When there is more water, the soil conducts more electricity, which means that the
resistance will be less. So the moisture level will be higher. Dry soil reduces
conductivity. So, when there is less water, the soil conducts less electricity, which means
it has more resistance. So the moisture level will be lower.
Moisture sensor consist of four pins: VCC, GND, AO, DO. The AO pin changes
according to the amount of moisture in the soil and increases as there is more water in the
soil. The DO pin changes according to the amount of moisture is less than the permissible
amount (which can be changed by the potentiometer on the sensor) the digital pin will be
“1”, otherwise will remain “0”.
Moisture sensor has a detection length of 38mm and a working voltage of 2V-5V. It has a
Fork-like design, which makes it is easy to insert into the soil. The analog output voltage
boosts along with the soil moisture level increases. Using this sensor is quiet easy. You
connect the AO pin to any analog pin and DO pin to any digital pin.
The Soil Moisture Sensor uses capacitance to measure dielectric permittivity of the
surrounding medium. In soil, dielectric permittivity is a function of the water content.
The sensor creates a voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore the
water content of the soil. The sensor averages the water content over the entire length
of the sensor.There is a 2 cm zone of influence with respect to the flat surface of the
sensor, but it has little or no sensitivity at the extreme edges. The Soil Moisture Sensor is
used to measure the loss of moisture over time due to evaporation and plant uptake,
evaluate optimum soil moisture contents for various species of plants, monitor soil
moisture content to control irrigation in greenhouses and enhance bottle biology
experiments.
FIG 4.4 MOISTURE SENSOR

Specification:
 Range: 0 to 45% volumetric water content in soil (capable of 0 to 100% VWC

with alternate calibration)
 Accuracy: ±4% typical

 Typical Resolution: 0.1% Power: 3 mA @ 5VDC
 Operating temperature: –40°C to +60°C

 Dimensions: 8.9 cm × 1.8 cm × 0.7 cm (active sensor length 5 cm
16*2 LCD JHD162ASERIES
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a
wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very
commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven
segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical;
easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom
characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and soon.
FIG4.5 16*2 LCDDISPLAY

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two
registers, namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register
stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to
be displayed on the LCD.
TABLE 4.7 PIN DESCRIPTION OF 16*2 LCD
Pin No Function Name
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V Vcc

(4.7V – 5.3V)
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable VEE

resistor
4 Selects command register when low; and Register Select

data register when high
5 Low to write to the register; High to read Read/write

from the register
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to Enable

low pulse is given
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
8-bit data pins
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-
LED:
Blue, green, and red LEDs; these can be combined to produce most perceptible
colors, including white. Infrared and ultraviolet (UVA) LEDs are also available.
FIG4.6.1 LED
A light-emitting-diode (LED) is a semiconductor diode that emits light when an

electric current is applied in the forward direction of the device, as in the simple LED
circuit. The effect is a form of electroluminescence where incoherent and narrow-
spectrum light is emitted from the p-n junction in a solid state material.
FIG 4.6.2 LED SCHEMATIC SYMBOL
LEDs are widely used as indicator lights on electronic devices and increasingly in
higher power applications such as flashlights and area lighting. An LED is usually a
small area (less than 1 mm2) light source, often with optics added directly on top of the
chip to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection. The color of the emitted light
depends on the composition and condition of the semi conducting material used, and can
be infrared, visible or ultraviolet. Besides lighting, interesting applications include using
UV-LEDs for sterilization of water and disinfection of devices, [4]and as a grow light to
enhance photosynthesis in plants.
PIEZZOBUZZER
Features:
The PS series are high-performance buzzers that employ unimorph piezzo electric
elements and are designed for easy incorporation into various circuits. They feature
extremely low power consumption in comparison to electromagnetic units. Because these
buzzers are designed for external excitation, the same part can serve as both a musical
tone oscillator and a buzzer.
FIG 4.7 PIEZZO BUZZER
Applications:
Electric ranges, washing machines, computer terminals, various devices that

require speech synthesis output .
Uses:
 Annunciator panels.
 Electronic metronomes.
 Game shows.
 Microwave ovens and other house hold appliances.
 Sporting events such as basketball game.
5V DUAL CHANNEL RELAYMODULE
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the
relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. The
coil current can be on or off so relays have two switch positions and they are double
throw (changeover) switches. Relays allow one circuit to switch a second circuit which
can be completely separate from the first. For example a low voltage battery circuit can
use a relay to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection inside the
relay between the two circuits, the link is magnetic and mechanical. The coil of a relay
passes a relatively large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay, but it can be as much as
100mA for relays designed to operate from lower voltages. Most ICs (chips) cannot
provide this current and a transistor is usually used to amplify the small IC current to the
larger value required for the relay coil. The maximum output current for the popular 555
timer IC is 200mA so these devices can supply relay coils directly withoutamplication.
Relays are usually SPDT or DPDT but they can have many more sets of switch
contacts, for example relays with 4 sets of changeover contacts are readily available. For
further information about switch contacts and the terms used to describe them please see
the page on switches. Most relays are designed for PCB mounting but you can solder
wires directly to the pins providing you take care to avoid melting the plastic case of the
relay.
The supplier's catalogue should show you the relay's connections. The coil will be
obvious and it may be connected either way round. Relay coils produce brief high voltage
'spikes' when they are switched off and this can destroy transistors and ICs in the circuit.
To prevent damage you must connect a protection diode across the relay coil. The
animated picture shows a working relay with its coil and switch contacts. You can see a
lever on the left being attracted by magnetism when the coil is switched on. This lever
moves the switch contacts. There is one set of contacts (SPDT) in the foreground and
another behind them, making the relay DPDT.
The relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows you to turn on or
off a circuit using voltage and/or current much higher than a microcontroller could
handle. There is no connection between the low voltage circuit operated by the
microcontroller and the high power circuit. The relay protects each circuit from each other.
The each channel in the module has three connections named NC, COM, and NO.
Depending on the input signal trigger mode, the jumper cap can be placed at high level
effective mode which ‘closes’ the normally open (NO) switch at high level input and at low
level effective mode which operates the same but at low level input.
The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on. Connect to
COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on. Connect
to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off.
Specifications:
 On-board EL817 photoelectric coupler with photoelectric isolating anti-interference

ability strong
 On-board 5V, 10A / 250VAC, 10A / 30VDCrelays.

 Relay long life can absorb 100000 times in a row.
 Module can be directly and MCU I/O link, with the output signal indicator.
 Module with diode current protection, short response time
FIG 4.8 DUAL CHANNEL RELAY MODULE
SUBMERSIBLE MOTOR WITH SPRINKLER

The working principle of a submersible pump is pretty simple to understand. It is often
used as a booster pump for home water pressure. It can be completely submerged into the
fluid and the motor is hermetically sealed. The motor is close-coupled to the body of the
water booster pump. It pumps the water to the surface by energy conversion that works in
a cycle. The rotary energy is converted into kinetic energy that is further converted into
pressure energy.
The submersible pump works by pulling the fluid towards itself. During the intake, the
rotating impeller pushes the fluid through the diffuser. From there, the fluid goes to the
surface. The submersible pumps are self-priming as they are already submerged in the
fluid. Cavitation is never an issue and they are also quiet because they work underwater.
Technical Specifications
 DC Voltage: 2.5-6V
 Maximum lift: 40-110cm / 15.75″-43.4″
 Flow rate: 80-120L/H
 Outside diameter of water outlet: 7.5mm / 0.3″
 Inside diameter of water outlet: 5mm / 0.2″ Diameter: Approx. 24mm / 0.95″
 Length: Approx. 45mm / 1.8″
 Height: Approx. 30mm / 1.2″
 Material: engineering plastic
Applications
 Controlled fountain water flow
 Controlled Garden watering systems
 Hydroponic Systems
 Fresh water intake or exhaust systems for fish aquarium
FIG 4.9 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
SPRINKLER
In sprinkler system water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping.
High pressure impact sprinklers themselves move in a circle are driven by a ball drive,
gear drive or impact mechanism.
FIG 4.10 SPRINKLER
POTENTIOMETER
A potentiometer is defined as a 3 terminal variable resistor in which the resistance is

manually varied to control the flow of electric current.It acts as an adjustable voltage
divider.The Potentiometer is an electric instrument that used to measure the EMF(electro
motive force)of a given cell, the internal resistance of a cell. And also it is used to
compare EMFs of different cells. It can also use as a variable resistor in most of the
applications. These potentiometers are used in huge quantities in the manufacture of
electronics equipment that provides a way of adjusting electronic circuits so that the
correct outputs are obtained.
Although their most obvious use must be for volume controls on radios and other
electronic equipment used for audio.
FIG 4.11 POTENTIOMETER
5.SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Programming of the project is done on Arduino IDE version 1.8.10.Connect the

Pin D7 of Arduino for the DHT11 sensor and pin D8,A5 of Arduino for the soil moisture
sensor that are defined in Arduino program code/sketch. The program displays
temperature, humidity level, soil moisture percentage on the serial monitor in the PC and
on the LCD in digital form.
Introduction to Arduino IDE :
IDE stands for “Integrated Development Environment”: it is an official software

introduced by Arduino.cc, that is mainly used for editing, compiling and uploading the
code in the Arduino Device. Almost all Arduino modules are compatible with this
software that is an open source and is readily available to install and start compiling the
code on the go.
FIG 5.1 EDITING WINDOW

This is the Arduino IDE once it’s been opened. It opens into a blank sketch
where you can start programming immediately. First, we should configure the board and
port settings to allow us to upload code. Connect your Arduino board to the PC via the
USB cable.
FIG 5.2 BOARD SELECTION
You have to tell the Arduino IDE what board you are uploading to. Select the
Tools pull down menu and go to Board. This list is populated by default with the
currently available Arduino Boards that are developed by Arduino.
FIG 5.3 COMPILING
FIG 5.4 UPLOADING SOURCE CODE
The required source code is compiled and uploaded to the Arduino board by connect- ing
the board using USB. After uploading the testing can be done.
6.IMPLEMENTATI ON
CIRCUITDIAGRAM:
The circuit diagram of the multi-utility protection system for agricultural

equipment is shown in Fig. 1. It comprises LCD (JHD162A), Arduino Uno, Piezzo
buzzer, SIM800A GSM module, Potentiometer(10k,22k),LED, DHT11 sensor, Moisture
sensor, 5V 2channel relay module and a few other components.
FIG 6.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
If a fire breaks out or the field consists of heavy water is detected by the
equipment , the system generates an alert with visual LED indication and a sound alarm.
Status of the environment in real time, including temperature and water level is displayed
on the LCD.
CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING
CONSTRUCTION:
Make connections as per the circuit diagram. By using the PCB connect the 5v
and GND supply to all the components where it is necessary. By using the two
potentiometers we can control the backlight and contrast of LCD .When we ON circuit
using the power cable at first it is will show the output as shown in FIG 5.3.1.
FIG 6.2 OVERALL VIEW OF THE PROJECT

TESTING:
Case (I)
For initial testing, light a candle and bring its flame near the DHT11 sensor.
Monitor the Temperature and humidity level on the serial monitor. If the Temperature
goes beyond the threshold level, the buzzer1 sounds an alarm, LED1 glows and
Motor(M1) gets ON. At the same time, it sends an SMS alert and voice alert to the cell
number included in the software code.This device also turn off the external load if fire
detects near the motors machines etc. The Temperature level can also be viewed on the
serial monitor and the LCD.
The temperature and the humidity level are displayed on the LCD in terms of
Celsius and relative humidity respectively at normal level before testing.
FIG 6.3.1 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY VALUES AT NORMAL LEVEL
Case (II)
For initial testing, take water in a beaker and place the soil moisture sensor in it .The
water level is represented in two ways analog and in terms of moisture percentage, field
status is also indicated as DRY and WET based on the digital value. If, the moisture
percentage goes beyond the threshold level, the buzzer1 sounds an alarm ,LED1 glows.
At the same time, it sends an SMS alert and CALL alert to the cell number included in
the software code. All the values of analog, moisture percentage and status of the field
are displayed on the serial monitor and the LCD
FIG 6.3.2 TEMPERATURE AND ANALOG VALUES AT NORMAL LEVEL
FIG 6.3.3 MOISTURE PERCENTAGE AND DRY FIELD
FIG 6.3.4 MOISTURE PERCENTAGE AND WET FIELD
RESULT:
If the temperature crosses the threshold value then accordingly our circuit
generates the alert which is displayed on the LCD as shown in below figure.
FIG 6.4 INDICATION OF FIRE ACCIDENT
FIG 6.5 INDICATION OF HEAVY WATER
The above figure shows the indication of alert when the agricultural field consists of
heavy water.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:
 The device can be used at any place where sensing of temperature and soil moisture are
required.
 The device indicates three different ways which also includes sending a SMS and voice
alert.
 The device is low cost for manufacturing.
 It also indicates the water levels in agricultural fields using soil moisture sensor.
DISADVANTAGES:
 The device cannot sense the temperature beyond the range of DHT11 sensor.
 When the device senses an abnormality, it cuts off the relay and does not turn it on auto-
matically when normal conditions are attained.
APPLICATIONS
AGRICULTURE
• Used in agricultural fields where soil moisture plays a major role in farming.
• Used in green houses where the plants are grown with regulated climatic conditions.
• These advanced devices will help farmers for more profitable, efficient and safer farming.
INDUSTRIES
• This device detects elevated temperature of machinery in industries.
• In small scale industries like mushroom industries, this alteration s in temperature and
moisture.
OTHER APPLICATIONS
• The device can be used in factories, go-downs and many places where fire accidents take
place.
• As this is used as fire alerting system it can be used in any place to take immediate action
during fire accidents.
• It is a completely safe device and easy to use.
CONCLUSION
By using this multi-utility protection system for agricultural system ,we can
conclude that this device is not only useful in agricultural applications but also in many
places where fire accidents takes place. The system alerts the person immediately by
sending an SMS or people nearby by LED and audio indication. As it senses the
temperature immediate precautions can be taken before the fire level increases. This is
also used for sensing the moisture level in agriculture fields.
FUTURE SCOPE
Our project “multi-utility protection system for agricultural equipment” is

mainly intended to protect the agricultural fields or go-downs to protect from fire
accidents and from heavy water. This project can be extended by using some more real
time sensors. We can modify this project by using GPS to know the exact location where
the fire started.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENTS REFERRED:
1. Arduino 1.8.9 user manual and commands.

2.Introduction to embedded systems by SHIBU.KV.
3.Embedded sensor systems.
PUBLISHED PAPERS :
1. Design of an Arduino-based home fire alarm system with GSM module-

2. 1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017.
3. Fire Alarm System Using IOT R. Angeline, Adithya S, Abishek Narayanan.
4. GSM Based Fire Sensor Alarm Using Arduino-International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016 259 ISSN 2229-55187.
5. Monitoring moisture of soil using low cost homemade Soil moisture sensor and
Arduino UNO - 2016 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computing and
Communication Systems (ICACCS).
6. Arduino Automatic Plant Irrigation using Message Alert Based-IJIRST –International

Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 4 | Issue 12 | May
2018. ISSN (online): 2349-6010.
WEBSITES VIEWED:
 www.electronicsforyou.com
 www.arduino.cc
 www.electronicshub.org
 www.atmel.com
 www.wikipedia.com
APPENDIX
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(A1,A2);
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
#include <dht.h>
dht DHT;
#define DHT11_PIN 7
const int rs =12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;
const int capteur_D = 8;
const int capteur_A = A5;
const int buzz=13; int relay=6;
const int relay1=9;
const int led=A4;
int val_analogique;
const
LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);
void setup(){
pinMode(capteur_D, INPUT);
pinMode(capteur_A, INPUT);
pinMode(buzz,OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay,OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(led,OUTPUT);
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Multi utility");
lcd.print("Protectionsystem");
delay(1000);
Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(9600);
Serial.begin(9600);
delay(100);
}
void loop(){
int chk = DHT.read11(DHT11_PIN);

float moisture_percentage;
Serial.print("Temperature = ");
Serial.println(DHT.temperature);
Serial.print("Humidity = ");
Serial.println(DHT.humidity);
lcd.print("Temp : ");
lcd.println(DHT.temperature);
lcd.print("hum : ");
lcd.println(DHT.humidity);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
val_analogique=analogRead(capteur_A);
Serial.print("Analog value : ");
Serial.println(val_analogique);
lcd.print("Temp : ");
lcd.println(DHT.temperature);
lcd.print("anlog : ");
lcd.println(val_analogique);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
moisture_percentage = ( 100 - ( (val_analogique/1023.00) * 100 ) );
Serial.print("Moisture Percentage = ");
Serial.print(moisture_percentage);
Serial.print("%\n\n");
if(digitalRead(capteur_D)==LOW)
{
Serial.println("Digital value : wet");
lcd.print("Field IS WET");
l
cd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("moist%:");
lcd.println(moisture_perce
ntage); delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
}
else
{
Serial.println("Digital value : dry");
lcd.print("Field IS DRY");
lcd.print("moist%: ");
lcd.println(moisture_percentage);
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
}
if ((DHT.temperature)>40)
{
sendsmsfire();
Dialcall();
}
if ((moisture_percentage)>60)
{
sendsmsfire1();
Dialcall1();
}
}
void sendsmsfire()
{
mySerial.println("AT\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+918639415686\"\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("FIRE ACCIDENT AT YOUR FIELD OR STORAGE ROOM..!!");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println((char)26);
delay(1000);
lcd.print("DANGER FIRE..!!");
lcd.println("FIRE ACCIDENT..!!");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);
digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);
digitalWrite(relay1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
}
void Dialcall()
{
mySerial.println("ATD+918639415686;");
}
void sendsmsfire1()
{
mySerial.println("AT\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGF=1\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+918639415686\"\r");
delay(1000);
mySerial.println("HEAVY WATER IN YOUR FIELD OR STORAGE ROOM..!!");

delay(1000);
mySerial.println((char)26);
delay(1000);
lcd.print("DANGER..!!");
lcd.print("HEAVY WATER..!!");
delay(1000);
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(buzz,HIGH);
digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);
digitalWrite(led,HIGH);
}
void Dialcall1()
{
mySerial.println("ATD+918639415686;");
}

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ABSTRACT

S.NO CHAPTER PAGE.NO

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM 13

4.4 MOISTURE SENSOR 27

4.5 16*2 LCD DISPLAY 28

4.9 SUBMERSIBLE PUMP 35

5.1 EDITING WINDOW 37

5.2 BOARD SELECTION 38

FIG.NO. NAME OF FIGURE PAGE.NO.

6.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

6.2 OVERALL VIEW OF

6.3.1 TEMPERATURE AND

S.NO. NAME OF THE TABLE PAGE.NO.

4.1.2 PIN DESCRIPTION OF

4.2 PIN SPECIFICATION OF GSM

4.3 PIN IDENTIFICATION AND

4.4 OVERVIEW OF DHT11

4.6 DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS OF

4.7 PIN DESCRIPTION OF 16*2 LCD

The main objectives are:

The main building blocks of this project are:

An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated

In the earliest years of computers in the 1930-40s, computers were sometimes

Real Time Issues:

NEED FOR EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS

Embedded debugging may be performed at different levels, depending on the

 An in-circuit debugger (ICD), a hardware device that connects to the microprocessor

controlled externally, but is typically restricted to specific debugging capabilities in the

 An in-circuit emulator replaces the microprocessor with a simulated equivalent,

Because an embedded system is often composed of a wide variety of elements, the

Specific reliability issues may include:

automated sales and service.

 Designing with a Trusted Computing Base (TCB) architecture[6] ensures a highly

 An Embedded Hypervisor is able to provide secure encapsulation for any subsystem

 Immunity Aware Programming.

Hard Real-time embedded systems:

Soft Real-Time embedded systems:

APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM:

Microcontroller versus microprocessor:

What is the difference between a Microprocessor and Microcontroller? By

A system designer using a general-purpose microprocessor such as the Pentium or

A Microcontroller has a CPU (a microprocessor) in addition to a fixed amount of RAM,

FIG 2.1 FIRST FIRE ALARM

1st International Conference on Green and Sustainable Computing (ICoGeS) 2017

Fire Alarm System Using IOT R. Angeline, Adithya S, Abishek Narayanan

Detection of fire in homes is necessary to avoid destruction of property due to fire

GSM Based Fire Sensor Alarm Using Arduino

Arduino Automatic Plant Irrigation using Message Alert Based

FIG 3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328

TABLE 4.1.1 FEATURES OF ARDUINO UNO

Operating Voltage 5V Input

Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 Ma

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 Ma

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB

Clock Speed 16 MHz

FIG 4.1.1 ARDUINO UNO

The power pins are as follows:

Input and Output: