MATRICES

1)

1
xx( )
3 1 1 1 1
3 3 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 | 0 0 x (-1) 1 1 | 0 0
3 3 3 3
(1 5 2 | 0 1 0) F1/ (3) →F1(1 5 1
5 2 | 0 1 0) F2-1x F1→ F2(1 4 | - 1 0) x(-2) F3-2xF1→F3
3 3
2 2 5 | 0 0 1 2 2 5 | 0 0 1 2 2 5 | 0 0 1
≡ ≡ ≡
1 1 1 1
1 1 | 0 0 1 1 | 0 0 1 1
1
|
1
0 0
3 3 3 3 3 3
5 -1 1 5 -1 1 3 13 5 -1 1 -5 5
0 4 | 1 0 x (4)F2/(4)→F2 0 1 | 0 x(13 ) F3/( 3 ) → F3 1 1 | 0 x(12 F2-(12)x F3 → F2
3 3 12 12 4 3 12 4
13 -2 13 -2 -2 3
0 0 | 0 1 0 0 | 0 1 0 0 1 | 0
( 3 13)
( 3 3 ) ( 3 3 )
≡ ≡ ≡
1 1 5 -1 21 -1 1
1 1 | 0 0 1 1 0 | 0 1 0 0 |
3 3 3 13 x (-1) 52 4 52
-1 1 -5 -1 -1 1 -5 -1 1 -5
0 1 0 | 52 4 52
x ( 3 ) F1-(13)x F3 → F1 0 1 0 | F1-1xF2→F1 0 1 0 | 52 4 52
52 4 52
-2 3 -2 3 -2 3
0 0 1 | 0 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 1 | 0
( 13 13) ( 13 13) ( 13 13)

≡ ≡ ≡
(-1) 21 -1 1
3 3 1 52 4 52
-1 1 -5
(1 5 2) =
52 4 52
2 2 5 -2 3
0
( 13 13)
2)
1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0
x (-1) x (-2)
(1 2 2 | 0 1 0) F1-1xF1→F2 (0 1 1 | -1 1 0) F3-2xF1→F3 (0 1 1 | -1 1 0) x(-3) F3/(-1)→F3
2 2 1 | 0 0 1 2 2 1 | 0 0 1 0 0 -1 | -2 0 1

1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 0 | -1 0 1
x (-1) x (-2)
(0 1 1 | -1 1 0) F2-1XF3→F2 (0 1 0 | -3 1 1) F1-1xF3→F1 (0 1 1 | -3 1 0 ) x(1)
0 0 1 | 2 0 -1 0 0 1 | 2 0 -1 0 0 1 | 2 0 -1

1 0 0 | 2 -1 0 1 1 1 (-1) 2 -1 0
F1-1XF3→F1 (0 1 0 | -3 1 1 ) (1 2 2) = (-3 1 1)
0 0 1 | 2 0 -1 2 2 1 2 0 -1

3)
1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0
x (-1) x (-2)
(1 2 2 | 0 1 0) F2-1xF1→F2(0 1 1 | -1 1 0) F3-2xF1→F3 (0 1 1 | -1 1 0) x(-3)
2 2 1 | 0 0 1 0 0 1 | 0 0 1 0 0 -1 | 2 0 1

1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 0 | -1 0 1
x (-1)F2-1xF3→F2 (0 x (-1) x (-1)
F3/(-1)→F3 (0 1 1 | -1 1 0) 1 0 | -3 1 1) F1-1xF3→F1 (0 1 0 | -3 1 1)
0 0 1 | 2 0 -1 0 0 1 | 2 0 -1 0 0 1 | 2 0 -1
 1 0 0 | 2 -1 0 1 1 1 (-1) 2 -1 0
F1-1xF2→F1 (0 1 0 | -3 1 1) (1 2 2) =(-3 1 1)
0 0 1 | 2 0 -1 2 2 1 2 0 -1

4)
1 1 1 | 1 0 0 x (-4) 1 1 0 | 1 0 0 1 1 0 | 1 0 0
x (-2) -1
(4 2 4 | 0 1 0) F2-4xF1→F2 (0 -2 0 | -4 1 0) F3-2xF1→F3 (0 -2 0 | -4 1 0) x( )
2
2 4 1 | 0 0 1 2 4 1 | 0 0 1 0 2 -1 | -2 0 1

1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0
-1 x (-2)F3-2xF2→F3 (0 -1 -1
F2/(-2)→F2 (0 1 0 | 2 0) 1 0 | 2 0) x(-1) F3/(-1)→F3 (0 1 0 | 2 0) X(-1)
2 2 2
0 2 -1 | -2 0 1 0 0 -1 | -6 1 1 0 0 1 | 6 -1 -1

-3 -3
1 1 0 | -5 1 1 x (-1) 1 0 0 | -7 1
1 1 1 (-1) -7 1
2 2
-1 -1
F1-1xF3→F1 (0 1 0 | 2
2
0) F1-1xF2→F1 (0 1 0 | 2 0 ) (4 2 4) = ( 2 -1 0)
2 2
0 0 1 | 6 -1 -1 2 4 1
0 0 1 | 6 -1 -1 6 -1 -1
5)
1 1 1 | 1 0 0 x (-2) 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0
x (-1) F3-1zF1→F3 (0 1
(2 3 4 | 0 1 0) F2-2xF1→F2 (0 1 2 | -2 1 0) 1 2 | -2 1 0) x ( ) F3/(3)→F3
3
1 1 4 | 0 0 1 1 1 4 | 0 0 1 0 0 3 | -1 0 1

4
1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 1 1 | 0 0
3
x (-2) 4 -2 x (-1) 4 -2
(0 1 2 | -2 1 0) F2-2xF3→F2 (0 1 0 |
3
1
3) F1-1xF3→F1 0 1 0 |
3
1
3
-1 1 1 1
0 0 1 | 0 ) 0 0 1 | 0 ) 1 1
3 3 3 3 0 0 1 | 0 )
( 3 3 )

8 1
(-1) -1
1 1 1 3 3
-4 -2
(2 3 4) = 1
3 3
1 1 4 -1 1
0
(3 3)

6)
1 1 1
x( ) 1 1
x (-1) 1 0 | 0 0
3 0 1 | 1 0 0 3 1 0 | 0 0 3 3 x (-4)
3 3
(1 1 1 | 0 1 0) F1/ (3) →F1 (1 1 2 1
1 | 0 1 0) F2-1xF1→F2 (0 1 | 1 0)
3 3
4 0 4 | 0 0 1 4 0 4 | 0 0 1 4 0 4 | 0 0 1
 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 | 0 0 1 0 | 0 0 1 0 | 0 0
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 1 8 8 2 1 -2 2 -1 -1
F3-4xF1→F3 0 1
3
|
3
1 0 x( ) F3/( ) →F3 0 1
3
|
3
1 0 X( ) F2-( )xF3 → F2 0 1 0 | 0 1
4
x( )
3 3 3 3 3
8 4 1 3 1 3
0 0 | 0 1 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 1 | 0
( 3 3 ) ( 2 8) ( 2 8)

1 -1 1 -1
1 0 0 | 0 0
2 8 3 0 1 (-1) 2 8
1 -1 -1
F1-( )xF3 → F1 0 1 0 | 0 1
4
(1 1 1) = 0 1
4
3
1 3 4 0 4 -1 3
0 0 1 | 0 0
( 2 8) (2 8)

7)
1 5 1 | 1 0 0 x (-5)
1 5 1 | 1 0 0 1 5 1 | 1 0 0
x (24) 1
(0 1 5 | 0 1 0) F3-5XF1→F3 (0 1 5 | 0 1 0) F3-(-24)XF2→F3 (0 1 5 | 0 1 0) X( )F3/(120) → F3
120
5 1 5 | 0 0 1 0 -24 0 | -5 0 1 0 0 120 | -5 24 1

25 1 -1
1 5 1 | 1 0 0 1 5 1 | 1 0 0 x (-1) 1 5 0 | x (-5)
x (-5) 5 -1
24 5 120
5 -1
(0 1 5 | 0 1 0) F2-5XF3→F2 (0 1 0 |
24
0
24 ) F1-1XF3→F1 0 1 0 | 0
1 1 1 24 24
0 0 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1
24 5 120 0 0 1 | 0 0 1 |
24 5 120
( 24 5 120)
 -1 1 -1 1
1 0 0 | 0 0
5 5 1 5 1 (-1) 5 5
5 -1 -1
F1-5XF3→F1 0 1 0 | 0 (0 1 5) = 0 1
24 24 24
1 1 1 5 1 5 -1 1 1
0 0 1 |
( 24 5 120) (24 5 120)

8)
1 1 1
x( ) 1 1 1 3 | 0 0
2 6 1 | 1 0 0 2 1 3 | 0 0 2 2
2 2 1
(0 1 6 | 0 1 0) F1/(2) →F1 (0 1 6 | 0 1 0) x( ) F3/(2) → F3 (0 1 6 | 0 1 0) X(-6)F2-6XF3→F1
2
0 0 2 | 0 0 1 1
0 0 2 | 0 0 1 0 0 1 | 0 0
2

1 1 1 -1 1 35
1 3 | 0 0 -1 1 3 0 | 0 x (-3) 1 0 0 | -3
2 2 x( ) 1
2 4 2 4
2
(0 1 0 | 0 1 -3) F1 -( )XF3→F1 (0 1 0 | 0 1 -3) F1-3XF2→F1 (0 1 0 | 0 1 -3)
2
1 1 1
0 0 1 | 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 0
2 2 2

1 35
2 6 1 (-1) 2
-3
4
(0 1 6) =(0 1 -3)
1
0 0 2 0 0
2
9)

1 7 1 | 1 0 0 1 7 1 | 1 0 0 1 7 1 | 1 0 0
1
(0 1 7 | 0 1 0) X( )F3/(7)→F3 (0 1 7 | 0 1 0) X(-7) F2-7XF3→F2 (0 1 0 | 0 1 -1) X(-1) F1-1XF3→F1
7 1 1
0 0 7 | 0 0 1 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 0
7 7

-1 48 48
1 7 0 | 1 0 X (-7) 1 0 0 | 1 -7 1 7 1 (-1) 1 -7
7 7 7
(0 1 0 | 0 1 -1) F1-7xF2→F1 (0 1 0 | 0 1 -1 ) (0 1 7) =(0 1 -1)
1 1 1
0 0 1 | 0 0 0 0 1 | 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
7 7 7

10)
1 3 1 | 1 0 0 X (-1) 1 3 1 | 1 0 0 X (-3)
1 3 1 | 1 0 0
1
(1 1 1 | 0 1 0) F2-1xF1→F2 (1 -2 0 | -1 1 0) F3-3xF1→F3 (1 -2 0 | -1 1 0) x( )F2/(-2)→F2
2
3 4 5 | 0 0 1 3 4 5 | 0 0 1 3 -5 2 | -3 0 1

1 3 1 | 1 0 0 1 3 1 | 1 0 0 1 3 1 | 1 0 0
1 -1 1 -1
X (-1)
1 -1 X (5) 0) x(1)F2/(2) → F3 (0 1
(1 1 0 |
2 2
0) F3-(-5)xF2→ F3 (1 1 0 |
2 2
0 |
2 2
0) F1-1xF3→F1
2
1 -5 1 -5 1
0 -5 2 | -3 0 1 0 0 2 | 1 0 0 1 |
2 2 4 2 2
 5 5 1 1 11 -1 -1 11 -1
1 3 0 | X (-3) 1 0 0 | (-1)
4 4 2 4 4 2 1 3 1 4 44 2
1 -1 1 -1 1 -1
0 1 0 | 0 F1-3xf2→F1 0 1 0 | 0 (1 1 1) = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 -5 1 1 -5 1 3 4 5 -1 -5 1
0 0 1 | 0 0 1 |
( 4 2 2) ( 4 2 2) (4 2 2)