Unisite Subdivision, Del Pilar, City of San Fernando, 2000 Pampanga, Philippines

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

FIBONACCI
NUMBERS
and
THE GOLDEN
RATIO
Submitted by:

Andeza, Micah P.

David, Kristel Rosfer P.

Gomez, Ma. Carmela D.

Mercado, Jasmine Erica S.

Yusi, Via Rizza V.

Submitted to:

Carina Sun Dizon

(Professor in MMW)

1|Page
 Table of Contents
Activity 1:

Fibonacci numbers and Golden ratio in surroundings

………………………………………………………………………………..

Activity 2:

Boxes and Cans

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

Activity 3:

Golden Rectangle
………………………………………………………………………………………..

Activity 4:

Fibs

……………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 5:

Lucas Numbers
……………………………………………………………………………………….

Activity 6:

SINGKO Sequence
………………………………………………………………………………………..

2|Page
 ACTIVITY 1
FIBONACCI NUMBERS
AND GOLDEN RATIO
IN SURROUNDINGS

Give 5 examples that follow the Fibonacci number and

of the Golden ratio you can find in surroundings. Include
photographs and as well as estimates of the base and height
for each examples. Explain how each example follows the
Fibonacci number and of the Golden ratio.

3|Page
 1. Cauliflower

The cauliflower is a vegetable which exhibits the golden ratio. Why? This is because
its florets (is one of the small, flower-shaped pieces of a vegetable) are arranged into
spiral forms which represent the golden spiral.

2. Sunflower

The sunflower's head is also subject to Fibonaccian process wherein the seeds are
produced into center, and then it migrates outside to fill all spare space. These seed
heads will form into a golden spiral and upon counting these spirals; it totally tends to
match a Fibonacci number.

4|Page
 3. Kamantigue

The Kamantigue also known as Impatiens Balsamina, is a flower which also follows
the Fibonacci number. The petals of this flower are usually 5 but there are certain times,
based on my observation that this flower has 7 petals wherein both numbers are seen
under Fibonacci numbers.

4. Cochlea

At the outer part of the ear, also represents the golden ratio. This is because as seen
on the figure it forms a golden spiral, known as the logarithmic spiral wherein it abounds
in nature.

5|Page
 5. Rose

Rose also depicts the Fibonacci number and the golden ratio pattern. This is because
its sepals and petals are usually counted as 5 and it has many spirally arranged
stamens. Each petal is also placed at 0.618034 per turnout of 360° circle for its exposure
into sunlight and other factor.

6. Cactus

Cactus and other succulents also form geometric spiral similar to sunflowers,
pinecones and others as seen on the picture shown. In addition, the arrangement of
plant leaves along the stem is phyllotaxis and mathematically, the spiral phyllotaxis
follows Fibonacci sequence.

6|Page
 7. Bottle Cleaner

Likewise from the other examples, the bottle cleaner which is usually seen at home
(especially if you have a younger sibling which is eventually a baby) also represents that
golden ratio and the golden spiral is everywhere. How? This is because its spiky figures
tend to show the golden spiral as shown on the figure.

8. Egg

Egg also exhibits golden ratio which is obviously seen on its shape or it’s curved
which forms into a golden spiral from the outside curve to inside.

7|Page
 9. Pepsi Logo

Phi is usually applied in the product logos and one example of these is the Pepsi
Logo. The Pepsi logo was redesign in the pattern of the Phi so that it will be more
appealing for the consumers.

10. BPI Debit Card

If you will compute the ratio of the BPI card from its length, 8.5 cm and its width,
5.3 cm the answer will be 1.6 wherein it is almost or is roughly the golden ratio, 1.618.

8|Page
 ACTIVITY 2
BOXES
AND
CANS

Collect 5 boxes and 5 cans of different labels. Measure

the height and width of the boxes. Measure the height and
diameter of the cans. Compute the ratio of each and write
the measurement in a table. In each include photographs.
Use cm or mm scale.

9|Page
BOXES
NAME PICTURE HEIGHT WIDTH RATIO

12.5cm 14.3cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒

=𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒
14.3𝑐𝑚
1989 =
12.5𝑐𝑚
Taylor
Swift CD =1.144
Album

Miniso 14.2cm 38.6cm =

𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒
𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒
Keyboard
38.6𝑐𝑚
Box =14.2𝑐𝑚

=2.718

22.8cm 29cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒

=𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒
29𝑐𝑚
=22.8𝑐𝑚
Fila Shoe
Box =1.272

10 | P a g e
 9cm 5.5cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒
=
𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒
Chuckie
9𝑐𝑚
=5.5𝑐𝑚

=1.636

Swiss Miss 11cm 28cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒

=
𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒
28𝑐𝑚
=11𝑐𝑚

=2.246

CANS
11 | P a g e
 NAME PICTURE HEIGHT DIAMETER RATIO

10.2cm 7.5cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟

=𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
10.2𝑐𝑚
= 7.5𝑐𝑚
Alaska
Evaporated =1.36
Milk

3.8cm 7.2cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟

=𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
Reno
7.2𝑐𝑚
Brand Liver =
3.8𝑐𝑚
Spread
(85 grams) =1.895

11.8m 10cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟

=𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
11.8𝑐𝑚
= 10𝑐𝑚
Fiesta Fruit
Cocktail =1.18

5cm 9.6cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟

=𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟

12 | P a g e
 Golden 9.6𝑐𝑚
= 5𝑐𝑚
Country
Corned =1.92
Beef

11cm 6.8cm 𝐹𝐵𝑖𝑔𝑔𝑒𝑟

=
𝐹𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
11𝑐𝑚
=6.8𝑐𝑚
Jolly
Mushrooms =1.618

13 | P a g e
 A. Are the ratios close to the golden ratio? Which one are close?
Based on the computed ratios of the given boxes and cans seen in the table
above, only one of the examples listed reaches to the Golden Ratio (which is
1.618) and few are close to the Golden Ratio while the rest are too far from it.

Among the example of boxes, only the box of Chuckie is close to the golden
ratio. With the height of 9cm and width of 5.5cm, the computed ratio of the box
of Chuckie is 1.626 which is almost close to the Golden Ratio.

For the cans, based on the computed ratios of the different cans (or canned
goods) seen in the table above, out of the 5 examples, 4 of them are a bit far to
the Golden Ratio while 1 of them reach or is exactly the same as the Golden Ratio
which is 1.618.

Evidently seen in the table, one of the examples which is the can of the
Jolly Mushroom reach or exactly the same with the Golden Ratio. With the height
of 11cm and diameter of 6.8cm its computed ratio is 1.618 which is very similar
with the Golden ratio (1.618).

B. Why do you think many consumer items follow the golden ratio?
We think consumer items follow the golden ratio because packaging design
is very important in consumer products. One goal is to create aesthetically
pleasing products. Also, the proportion of the packaging is also a factor of the
package appearance since there should be “visual communication” between the
product and consumers.

Based on the proportion of the Golden Ratio, we think that most

consumers have that impulse to purchase items which package proportions are
close to the golden ratio that is why many consumer items follow the Golden
ratio.

14 | P a g e
 ACTIVITY 3
GOLDEN
RECTANGLE

Cut out the Golden rectangle of different dimensions

and show that a considerate number of cutouts give out the
Golden ratio.

15 | P a g e
 8.4 cm
13.6 cm 2 cm
1.2 cm
0.4
0.8
cm
cm

3.2 cm
5.2 cm

38 mm
62 mm 2 cm
10 mm 4 mm

24 mm
14 mm

16 | P a g e
 7.4 cm
1 cm
12 cm
1.8
0.8
cm
0.6
cm cm
4.6 cm 2.8 cm

34 cm
55 cm -5 cm
8 cm

13 cm 21 cm

17 | P a g e
 7.26 cm
11.74 cm 1.7 1.08
cm
cm 4.48
2.78
cm cm

18 | P a g e
 ACTIVITY 4
FIBS

A fib is a poem where the number of syllabus per line

follows the Fibonacci sequence. Invented by Greg Pincus, it
caught on so well that the New York Times actually wrote an
article about it, which naturally spawned many more fibs.

19 | P a g e
Example 1:

She

Is

The girl

Who has fought

Her love but scattered

Can somebody mend it like these,

These painful things never been happened to her before?

- Maria

Example 2:

I’m reminiscing

The times we spent together, friend

How did we end up like this? From friends to strangers – quick

Come back and tell me what did I do wrong? I’m sick of hearing that it is all my fault

- Jazzy

Example 3:

Please

Don’t hide

Yourself behind

Those fake smiles, you know

I always got your back, my friend

Even if I am away a million miles, I’m here

Beside you, to comfort you; let’s talk about everything about life until the night,

- Rica

Example 4:

20 | P a g e
 I’m

Tired.

Tired of

Listening

To the sound of my

Tears, tired of wasting my days just

Pretending to be so fine and okay, too tired of

Constantly battling with my fear that one day I’ll flunk and fail, but after every day,

I simply kneel and pray, that someday this fear would merely go away, and so as pain
and will eventually lead me to a brighter way.

- Mics

Example 5:

Stay strong.
Powerful
Words that changed my life.
They make me sane, strong and hopeful
In times of challenges I always repeat those words.
Always remember the reason and the sacrifices why you held on for so long.
- Dems

21 | P a g e
 ACTIVITY 5
THE GOLDEN RATIO
AND HUMAN BODY

Measure the following in cm or mm and record in a table

- Distance from the ground to your navel
- Distance from your navel to the top of your head
- Distance from the ground to your knees
- Length of your hand
- Distance from your wrist to your elbow
- Circumference of your waistline
- Circumference of your hips
- Circumference of your bust line

22 | P a g e
 Measurements of the body:

Distance from your 96

ground to your navel
Distance from your navel 71
to the top of your head
Distance from the ground 47
to your knees
Length of your hand 20
Distance from your wrist 25
to your elbow
Circumference of your 67
waistline
Circumference of your 93
hips
Circumference of your 84
bust line

Distance from your ground to your navel 96

a) - = 1.352
Distance from your navel to the top of your head 71

Distance from your ground to your navel 96

b) - = 2.043
Distance from the ground to your knees 47

Distance from your wrist to your elbow 25

c) - = 1.25
Length of your hand 20

Circumference of your hips 93

d) - = 1.388
Circumference of your waistline 67

Circumference of your bust line 84

e) - = 1.254
Circumference of your waistline 67

23 | P a g e
 Measurements of the body:

Distance from your ground 93

to your navel
Distance from your navel 67
to the top of your head
Distance from the ground 43
to your knees
Length of your hand 22
Distance from your wrist to 16
your elbow
Circumference of your 60
waistline
Circumference of your hips 80
Circumference of your bust 77
line

Distance from your ground to your navel 93

a) - = 1.388
Distance from your navel to the top of your head 67

Distance from your ground to your navel 93

b) - = 2.1627
Distance from the ground to your knees 43

Distance from your wrist to your elbow 16

c) - = 0.7273
Length of your hand 22

Circumference of your hips 80

d) - = 1.3333
Circumference of your waistline 60

Circumference of your bust line 77

e) - = 1.2833
Circumference of your waistline 60

24 | P a g e
 Measurements of the body:

Distance from your ground 95

to your navel
Distance from your navel to 66
the top of your head
Distance from the ground to 47
your knees
Length of your hand 16
Distance from your wrist to 24
your elbow
Circumference of your 65
waistline
Circumference of your hips 88
Circumference of your bust 79
line

Distance from your ground to your navel 95

a) - = 1.5
Distance from your navel to the top of your head 63

Distance from your ground to your navel 95

b) - = 1.98
Distance from the ground to your knees 48

Distance from your wrist to your elbow 24

c) - = 1.5
Length of your hand 16

Circumference of your hips 88

d) - = 1.35
Circumference of your waistline 65

Circumference of your bust line 79

e) - = 1.23
Circumference of your waistline 65

25 | P a g e
 Measurements of the body:

Distance from your ground 108

to your navel
Distance from your navel to 68
the top of your head
Distance from the ground to 47
your knees
Length of your hand 18
Distance from your wrist to 25
your elbow
Circumference of your 90
waistline
Circumference of your hips 92
Circumference of your bust 90
line

Distance from your ground to your navel 108

a) - = 1.5
Distance from your navel to the top of your head 68

Distance from your ground to your navel 102

b) - = 2.17
Distance from the ground to your knees 47

Distance from your wrist to your elbow 25

c) - = 1.39
Length of your hand 18

Circumference of your hips 92

d) - = 1.02
Circumference of your waistline 90

Circumference of your bust line 90

e) - = 1.13
Circumference of your waistline 80

26 | P a g e
 Measurements of the body:

Distance from your ground 103

to your navel
Distance from your navel 66
to the top of your head
Distance from the ground 50
to your knees
Length of your hand 18
Distance from your wrist 25
to your elbow
Circumference of your 68
waistline
Circumference of your hips 83
Circumference of your 85
bust line

Distance from your ground to your navel 103

a) - = 1.561
Distance from your navel to the top of your head 66

Distance from your ground to your navel 103

b) - = 2.060
Distance from the ground to your knees 50

Distance from your wrist to your elbow 25

c) - = 1.389
Length of your hand 18

Circumference of your hips 83

d) - = 1.221
Circumference of your waistline 68

Circumference of your bust line 85

e) - = 1.250
Circumference of your waistline 68

27 | P a g e
 ACTIVITY 6
LUCAS NUMBERS

Lucas number are obtained just like Fibonacci number-

each term is obtained by adding two immediate previous
terms- except that the first two terms are 2 and 1. Thus the
Lucas sequence starts as 2, 1, 3, 4,….

28 | P a g e
 I. Give the first fifteen terms of the Lucas sequence
2 1 3 4 7 11 18 29 47 76 123 199 322 521 843
II. Find the ratios of each term to the preceding term
2 47
=2 = 1.621
1 29
1 76
= 0.5 = 1.617
2 47
3 123
=3 = 1.618
1
76
4
= 1.333 199
3 = 1.618
123
7
= 1.75 322
4 = 1.618
199
11
= 1.571 521
7 = 1.618
322
18
= 1.636 843
11 = 1.618
521
29
= 1.611
18
III. Do the number approach any number?
Yes, the numbers of Lucas Sequence approach a certain number or ratio as it goes
to the latter part of the sequence. As seen above, the first ratio of the 10 sequence does
not merely approach a number but designates to approach a certain number. While
seen at the 11th and 15th number of the sequence it is much evident that they are now
approaching a certain or definite number which is 1.618. Thus, the larger the sequence
gets, the computed ratio will be approaching a definite number which is the Golden
Ratio (1.618) even at the latter part of it.

29 | P a g e
 ACTIVITY 7
SINGKO SEQUENCE

Make your own “Fibonacci like number sequence” Name

your sequence accordingly.

30 | P a g e
 A. Give the first fifteen terms of your sequence
5 6 8 11 15 20 26 33 41 50 60 71 83 96 100 125

B. Find the ratios of each term to the preceding term

6/5 = 1.2
11/8 = 1.375
20/15 = 1.333
33/26 = 1.2692
50/41 = 1.2195
71/60 = 1.1833
96/83 = 1.1566
125/110 = 1.1364

C. Do the number approach any number?

Given the ratios above it is seen that Singko Sequence approaches the numbers
between 1.1 – 1.3.

31 | P a g e