THE ANALYSIS OF PHONEMES IN

WORDS

Created by :

Name : Annisa Julietta Putri

Nim : 161610012
BINA DARMA UNIVERSITY

PALEMBANG

2018
 FOREWORD

Praise the presence of God Almighty for all His grace so that this paper can be arranged to
completion. Not forgetting i also say a lot of gratitude for the help of those who have
contributed in this paper.

And I hope this paper can increase knowledge and experience for the readers. For the
future can improve the form and add the contents of the paper.

Due to my limited knowledge and experience, I believe there are still many shortcomings
in this paper, therefore I am looking forward to constructive suggestions and criticism
from readers for the perfection of this paper.

Palembang, April 2018

Composer

ANNISA JULIETTA PUTRI

 ABSTRACT

In this study will discuss about Phonemes or Phonetic Symbols contained in Palembang
language. In this study the author would like to explain about the phonological study that
emerged from the daily speech of Palembang language with English. Some of his studies
are distinguished from the phonetic side, since each sound and letter has its own
distinctive feature that can be in the map, to be more precise in this study will review
Phonemes in Palembang so that it can be told correctly and know how the pattern of
these symbols.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUND

Humans meet the needs of his life by communicating. Through communication, human
beings can convey their purpose and purpose. Based on the way it does, communication
is divided into two, namely direct and indirect communication.
Direct communication is communication that is done by using language as
communication tool. This communication is a common human do. Language takes an
important role in this communication. Without a clear language, this communication can
not take place. While indirect communication is done using symbol or movement as
communication tool.

In this world, there are so many different languages for every nation or country. These
languages have varying degrees in each language. Even in one country, the language of
every part of the territory of the country is different from one another.

In Indonesia itself, there are various languages for every city or region such as Java,
Sunda, Minang, Batak, Palembang, and others. Each of these languages is unique in
terms of wording and pronunciation. The native speakers of the language will produce a
different sound from the person who is not the native speaker.

In addition, not infrequently there are words with the same writing in a language with
another language but different meaning and pronunciation of the word so that, if there is
a mistake of mention it will cause misunderstanding. There is also a different word of
writing but has the same meaning.

Because of the uniqueness, this research is done to find the truth in terms of
pronunciation of a language. The language I choose this time is Palembang language
where this language itself has many similarities with other languages such as Pendopo
language, Bangka, and others. This research I do by determining Phonetic Symbols of
every words in Palembang language so that it can be pronounced correctly according to
the original speaker.

B. PROBLEM OF STUDY

Based on the background that has been described above, the purpose of this study are:

1. To know how phonetic symbols are contained in the Palembang language.

2. To know whether there are differences in symbols, vowels or consonants in the words
contained in the Palembang language with English.

D.OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The benefits that can be obtained from this research are :

1. For writers, this research can help in terms of understanding and application of
Phonemes or Phonetic Symbols of words that have been studied.
2. For Students, this research can be used as an insight and reference in understanding
the phonemes of words.
3. For Lecturers, this research can be used as a benchmark for how far students can
understand and apply the materials about Phonemes of a word that has been taught.

C. LIMITATION OF STUDY

This research only focus and discuss about Palembang Language.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW

RESEARCH THEORY

Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of

sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of
phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or
phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the
word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features,
mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for
conveying linguistic meaning. Phonology also includes the study of equivalent
organizational systems in sign languages. The word phonology (as in the phonology of
English) can also refer to the phonological system (sound system) of a given language.

In order to produce sound humans use various body parts including the lips, tongue,
teeth, pharynx and lungs. Phonetics is the term for the description and classification of
speech sounds, particularly how sounds are produced, transmitted and received.
A phoneme is the smallest unit in the sound system of a language; for example,
the t sound in the word top.

Various phonetic alphabets have been developed to represent the speech sounds in
writing through the use of symbols. Some of these symbols are identical to the Roman
letters used in many language alphabets; for example: p and b. Other symbols are based
on the Greek alphabet, such as θ to represent the th- sound in thin and thought. The most
widely used phonetic script is the International Phonetic Alphabet.

CONSONANT SOUNDS

a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the
vocal tract. Examples are [p], pronounced with the lips; [t], pronounced with the front of
the tongue; [k], pronounced with the back of the tongue; [h], pronounced in the throat; [f]
and [s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives); and [m] and [n],
which have air flowing through the nose (nasals). Contrasting with consonants are
vowels.

The word consonant is also used to refer to a letter of an alphabet that denotes a consonant
sound. The 21 consonant letters in the English alphabet are B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R,
S, T, V, X, Z, and usually W and Y. The letter Y stands for the consonant /j/ in yoke, the
vowel /瑟/ in myth, the vowel /i/ in funny, and the diphthong /a 瑟/ in my. W always
represents a consonant except in combination with a vowel letter, as in growth, raw, and
how, and in a few loanwords from Welsh, like crwth or cwm.
VOWEL SOUNDS

Vowels form one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being that of
consonants. Vowels vary in quality, in loudness and also in quantity (length). They are
usually voiced, and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and
stress. Vowel sounds are produced with an open vocal tract. The word vowel comes from
the Latin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" (i.e. relating to the voice). In English, the word
vowel is commonly used to refer both to vowel sounds and to the written symbols that
represent them.

DIPHTHONG SOUNDS

A diphthong literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, is a
combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable. Technically, a
diphthong is a vowel with two different targets: that is, the tongue (and/or other parts of
the speech apparatus) moves during the pronunciation of the vowel.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. OBJECT OF STUDY

The object of this research is Palembang Language.

B. COLLECTING THE DATA

Data collection begins by determining the language to be researched and the informant who will
provide the necessary data. after that, the informant was asked to mention one by one the
predetermined word as the material to be analyzed.

C. ANALYZING THE DATA

The method used in quantitative research that emphasizes the research process on
existing data as a tool to analyze on what you want to know. the results of this study will
be presented in table form.
 CHAPTER IV

FINDING & DISCUSSION

1. kepala – /palaɁ/

2. rambut – /rambot/

3. bulu badan – /bulu badan/

4. telinga – kopeŋ/

5. leher – /leher/

6. mulut – /molot/

7. gigi – /gigɪ/

8. lidah – /lidah/

9. mata – /mato/

10. hidung – /edoŋ/

11. tangan - /taŋan/

12. kotor – /kotor/

13. tangan kotor – /taŋan kotor/

14. siku – /sikeu/

15. jari – /jarɪ/

16. kuku – /kukeu/

17. kuku jari – /kukeu jarɪ/

18. kulit – /kolet/

19. daging – /dageŋ/

20. lemak – /lemaɁ/

21. tulang – /tulaŋ

22. payudara – /teteɁ/

23. dada – /dado/

24. perut – /perot/

25. punggung – /poŋoŋ

26. darah – /darah/

27. jantung – /ʤantoŋ/

28. hati – /atɪ/

29. kaki – /kakeɪ/

30. bengkak – /beŋkaɁ/

31. kaki bengkak – /kakeɪ beŋkaɁ/

32. luka – /lʊko/

33. sakit – /saket/

34. luka sakit – /lʊko saket/

35. air – /baɲʊ/

36. laut – /laot/

37. danau – /danau/

38. sungai – /suŋi/

39. sungai mengalir – /suŋi ŋaler/

40. pasir – /paser/

41. tanah – /tana/

42. basah – /basah/

43. lumpur – /lompor/

44. garam – /garəm/

45. api – /apɪ/

46. bakar (keladi) – /bakar/

47. tungku – /tuŋkʊ/

48. debu – /debeu/

49. asap – /asep/

50. batu – /bateu/

51. berat –/berat/

52. batu berat – /bateu berat/

53. licin –/licin/

54. batu licin – /baetu licin/

55. satu – /sikok/

56. dua – /duo/

57. tiga – /tigo/

58. empat – /empat/

59. lima –/limo/

60. satu batu –/sikok bateu/

61. dua batu –/duo bateu/

62. banyak – /baɲak/

63. batu banyak – /bateu baɲak/

64. sedikit – /dikit/

65. batu sedikit – /bateu dikit/

66. semua –/galo/

67. jalanN –/ʤalan/

68. sempit –/səmpɛt/

69. jalan sempit – /ʤalan səmpɛt/

70. lebar – /lʊas/

71. jalan lebar – /ʤalan lʊas/

72. gunung – /gunuŋ/

73. awan – /awan/

74. awan putih – /awan putih/

75. awan hitam – /awan hitam/

76. pelangi – /pəlaŋi/

77. hujan - /ʊʤan/

78. langit – /laŋit/

79. kabut – /kabot

80. angin – /aŋin/

81. panas – /panas/

82. hangat – /aŋət/

83. angin panas – /aŋin panas/

84. dingin – /dɪŋin/

85. sejuk – /səʤuk/

86. guntur – /guntur/

87. kilat – kilat

88. tongkat – /tuŋkat/

89. lurus – /loros/

90. tongkat lurus – /tuŋkat loros/

91. bengkok – /beŋkoɁ/

92. tebal – /təbel/

93. tongkat tebal – /tuŋkat təbel/

94. tipis – /tipis/

95. tajam – /taʤəm/

96. tongkat tajam –/tuŋkat taʤəm/

97. tumpul – /tompol/

98. matahari – /matahari/

99. siang – /siaŋ/

100. malam – /malem/

101. bulan – /bulan/

103. pisang – /pisaŋ/

104. kebun – /kəbon/

105. alang-alang – /alaŋ-alaŋ/

106. kering – /kereŋ/

107. pohon – /pɔhɔn/

108. kayu – /kaiʊ/

109. kayu kering – /kaiʊu kereŋ/

110. babatV – pɔtɔŋ/

111. denganINST (e.g., bela kayu dengan

112. denganCOM (e.g., mereka dengan

kami) – with

113. cabang – /ʧabaŋ/

114. daun –/daɔn/

115. duri – /duri/

116. buah – /buah/

117. biji – /biʤi/

118. busuk - /busuk/

119. bau – /bauk/

120. berbau busuk – /mambu/

121. hutan – /utan/

122. tali – /tali/

123. putih – /putɛh/

124. hitam – /itəm/

125. merah – /mɛrah/

126. kuning – /kuniŋ/

127. hijau – /iʤo/

128. burung – /boroŋ/

129. telur burung – /təlok boroŋ/

130. sayap burung – /seap boroŋ/

131. terbang – /terbaŋ/

132. kasuari – /kasuari/

133. lalat – /lalət/

134. lalat babi – /lalət babi/

135. nyamuk – /ɲamuɁ/

136. anjing – /anʤeŋ/

137. besar – /besaɁ/

138. anjing besar – /anʤeŋ besaɁ/

139. kecil – /keciɁ/

140. ini – /ini/

141. itu – /itu/

142. sama – /samo/

143. berbeda – /laen/

144. lintah – /linta/

145. gigit – /gegeɪt/

146. makan – /makan/

147. ekor – /bontot/

148.ikan – /ikan/

149. kutu – /kutəu/

150. babi – /babeɪ/

151. panah babi – /panah babeɪ/

152. cacing (tanah) – ʧaʧeŋ/

153. ular – /ulo/

154. panjang – /panʤaŋ/

155. ular panjang – /ulo panʤaŋ/

156. pendek – /pendeɁ/

157. tikus – /tikos/

158. penuh (e.g., ember -) –

/penuh/

159. rumah – /rumah/

160. baru – /bareu/

161. rumah baru – /rumah bareu/

162. tua – /tuo/

163. rumah tua/lama – /rumah lamo/

164. atap – /atap/

165. di depan – /di depan/

166. di luar – /di lʊar/

167. di dalam – /di dalam/

168. di belakang – /di belakaŋ/

169. kanan – /kanan/

170. kiri – /kir/i

171. dekat – /deket/

172. far – /ʤaoh/

173. orang – /uwoŋ/

174. baik – /baeɁ/

175. orang baik – /ramah/

176. jahat – /ʤahat/

177. laki-laki – /lanaŋ/

178. perempuan – /betino/

179. suami – /lakeɪ/

180. isteri – /bineɪ/

181. bapa – /baɁ/

182. ibu – /maɁ/

183. anak – /anaɁ/

184. anak (dari perempuan) –

/gades/
185. anak (dari laki-laki) –/beuʤaŋ/

186. saya – /aɁu/

187. kamu – /kau/

188. kita – /kito/

189. kami – /kami/

190. dia – /dio/

191. mereka – /mereka/

192. siapa – /siapo/

193. apa – /apo/

194. nama – /namo/

195. datang – /dateŋ/

196. jalanV – /ʤalan/

197. putar – /putər/

198. tahu (sesuatu) – /taw/

199. dengar – /dəŋər/

200. lihat –/ liat/

201. cari – /cariɁ/

202. bicara – /ŋomoŋ/

203. benar – /bənər/

204. bicara benar – /ŋomoŋ bənər/

205. minum – /minum/

206. isap (e.g., rokok) – /isəp/

207. makan – /makan/

208. ludahV – /ludah/

209. muntah – /muntah/

210. pukul – /pɔkɔl/

211. tikam – /tikem/

212. bunuh – /bunuh/

213. mati – /mati/

214. hidup – /ɛdop/

215. garuk – /garoɁ/

216. duduk – /dodoɁ/

217. berdiri – /tegaɁ/

218. tidak – /idaɁ/

219. mandi – /mandeɪ/

220. tidak mandi – /idaɁ mandeɪ/

221. jatuh (mis., buah) – /ɲampaɁ/

222. berbaring – /goleŋ/

223. tidur – /tedoɁ/

224. mimpi – /mimpeɪ/

225. pegang – /pegaŋ/

226. beri – /ŋasih/

227. tiup – /tiup/

228. bernapas – /bənapas/

229. batuk –/ batuɁ/

230. hitung – /etoŋ/

231. gali – /gali/

232. takut – /takot/

233. malu – /maleʊ/

234. menangis – /naŋis/

235. menyanyi – /ɲaɲeɪ/

236. main – /maen/

237. dorong – /doroŋ/

238. tarik – /tareɪɁ/

239. gosok – /gosoɁ/

240. hapus – /apos/

241. cuci (pakaian) – /ʧuʧeɪ/ - baʤuɁ/

242. jepit – /jəpet/

243. lempar (batu)– /lempar/

244. enam – /enam/

245. tujuh – /toʤo/

246. delapan – /lapan/

247. sembilan – /sembilan/

248. sepuluh – /sepoloh/

A. DISCUSSION

Based on the data obtained, the sounds of

Palembang Language are :

No Vowel Sounds Consonant Sounds Diphthongs

1. 1 [i] [b] [ eu ]
2 [ ɪ̈ ] [c] [ eɪ ]
2. 3 [a] [d] [ əɪ ]
3. 4 [e] [f] [ əu ]
4. 5 [ə] [g] [ eʊ ]
5. [ɛ] [h]
6. [ʊ] [ʧ]
7. [u] [k]
8. [o] [l]
9. [ɔ] [m]
10. [n]
11. [p]
12. [r]
13. [s]
14. [t]
 CHAPTER V

CLOSING

CONCLUSION

Based on the data obtained and research that has

been done, Palembang language has Phonemes or
Phonetic Symbols are almost the same with English
so that the resulting sound was not much different.

phonemes contained in Palembang are as follows :

No Vowel Sounds Consonant Sounds Diphthongs

15. 1 [i] [b] [ eu ]
2 [ ɪ̈ ] [c] [ eɪ ]
16. 3 [a] [d] [ əɪ ]
17. 4 [e] [f] [ əu ]
18. 5 [ə] [g] [ eʊ ]
19. [ɛ] [h]
20. [ʊ] [ʧ]
21. [u] [k]
22. [o] [l]
23. [ɔ] [m]
24. [n]
25. [p]
26. [r]
27. [s]
28. [t]
 THE INFORMAN’S BIOGRAPHY

Name : Dita An Nissa

TTL: Palembang, 24 Nov 1999

Address: Mayor Zen street, Lr. Harapan Jaya II, No. 39c

Educational Background: SDN 205 PALEMBANG

SMPN 34 PALEMBANG
SMAN 07 PALEMBANG
KADER BANGSA UNIVERSITY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Consonant, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant

Cahaya Nilam, 2016, Phonology,

http://nilamcahaya19.blogspot.co.id/2016/03/phonologyphonology-is-branch-of.html,

IPA, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay

Phoneme, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneme

Phonology,http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/langdiff/phono.htm

Vowel, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel