VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

B.E. SYLLABUS FOR 2018-2022

ENGINEERING PHYSICS
(Common to all Branches)
(Effective from the academic year 2018-19)

Course Code : 18PHY12/22 CIE Marks : 40

Contact Hours/Week : 05(3L+2T) SEE Marks: 60
Total Hours: 50 (8L+2T per module) Exams. Hours: 03
Semester: I/II Credits: 04(3:2:0)

Course Learning Objectives: This course (18PHY12/22) will enable students to

 Learn the basic concepts in Physics which are very much essential in understanding and
solving engineering related challenges.
 Gain the knowledge of newer concepts in modern physics for the better appreciation of
modern technology
MODULES
MODULE-I :
Oscillations and Waves
Free Oscillations: Definition of SHM, derivation of equation for SHM, Mechanical and
electrical simple harmonic oscillators (mass suspended to spring oscillator), complex notation
and phasor representation of simple harmonic motion. Equation of motion for free
oscillations, Natural frequency of oscillations.
Damped and forced oscillations: Theory of damped oscillations: over damping, critical &
under damping, quality factor. Theory of forced oscillations and resonance, Sharpness of
resonance. One example for mechanical resonance.
Shock waves: Mach number, Properties of Shock waves, control volume. Laws of
conservation of mass, energy and momentum. Construction and working of Reddy shock tube,
applications of shock waves.
Numerical problems
(RBT Levels L1, L2, L3)
MODULE-II:
Elastic properties of materials:
Elasticity: Concept of elasticity, plasticity, stress, strain, tensile stress, shear stress,
compressive stress, strain hardening and strain softening, failure (fracture/fatigue), Hooke’s
law, different elastic moduli: Poisson’s ratio, Expression for Young’s modulus (Y), Bulk
modulus (K) and Rigidity modulus (n) in terms of  and β. Relation between Y, n and K,
Limits of Poisson’s ratio.

Bending of beams: Neutral surface and neutral plane, Derivation of expression for bending
moment. Bending moment of a beam with circular and rectangular cross section. Single
cantilever, derivation of expression for young’s’ modulus
Torsion of cylinder: Expression for couple per unit twist of a solid cylinder (Derivation),
Torsional pendulum-Expression for period of oscillation.
Numerical problems
(RBT Levels L1, L2, L3)

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 MODULE- III:
Maxwell’s equations, EM waves and Optical fibers
Maxwell’s equations: Fundamentals of vector calculus. Divergence and curl of electric field
and magnetic field (static), Gauss’ divergence theorem and Stokes’ theorem. Description of
laws of electrostatics, magnetism and Faraday’s laws of EMI. Current density & equation of
Continuity; displacement current (with derivation) Maxwell’s equations in vacuum

EM Waves: The wave equation in differential form in free space (Derivation of the equation
using Maxwell’s equations), Plane electromagnetic waves in vacuum, their transverse nature,
polarization of EM waves(Qualitative)

Optical fibers: Propagation mechanism, angle of acceptance. Numerical aperture. Modes of

propagation and Types of optical fibers. Attenuation: Causes of attenuation and Mention of
expression for attenuation coefficient. Discussion of block diagram of point to point
communication. Merits and demerits
Numerical problems
(RBT Levels L1, L2)

MODULE IV:
Quantum Mechanics and Lasers
Quantum mechanics: Introduction to Quantum mechanics, Wave nature of particles,
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and applications (non confinement of electron in the
nucleus), Schrodinger time independent wave equation, Significance of Wave function,
Normalization, Particle in a box, Energy eigen values of a particle in a box and probability
densities
Lasers: Review of spontaneous and stimulated processes, Einstein’s coefficients (derivation of
expression for energy density). Requisites of a Laser system. Conditions for laser action.
Principle, Construction and working of CO2 and semiconductor Lasers.
Application of Lasers in Defense (Laser range finder) and Engineering (Data storage) `
Numerical problems
(RBT Levels L1, L2, L3)
MODULE-V:
Material science
Quantum Free electron theory of metals: Review of classical free electron theory, mention
of failures. Assumptions of Quantum Free electron theory, Mention of expression for density
of states, Fermi-Dirac statistics (qualitative), Fermi factor, Fermi level, Derivation of the
expression for Fermi energy, Success of QFET.
Physics of Semiconductor: Fermi level in intrinsic semiconductors, Expression for
concentration of electrons in conduction band, Hole concentration in valance band (only
mention the expression), Conductivity of semiconductors(derivation), Hall effect, Expression
for Hall coefficient(derivation)
Dielectric materials: polar and non-polar dielectrics, internal fields in a solid, Clausius-
Mossotti equation(Derivation), mention of solid, liquid and gaseous dielectrics with one
example each. Application of dielectrics in transformers.
Numerical problems
(RBT Levels L1, L2, L3)

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Course Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, students will be able to

1. Understand various types of oscillations and their implications, the role of Shock waves in
various fields and Recognize the elastic properties of materials for engineering applications
2. Realize the interrelation between time varying electric field and magnetic field, the transverse
nature of the EM waves and their role in optical fiber communication.
3. Compute Eigen values, Eigen functions, momentum of Atomic and subatomic particles using
Time independent 1-D Schrodinger’s wave equation
4. Apprehend theoretical background of laser, construction and working of different types of
laser and its applications in different fields
5. Understand various electrical and thermal properties of materials like conductors,
semiconductors and dielectrics using different theoretical models.

Question paper pattern:

Note:- The SEE question paper will be set for 100 marks and the marks will be proportionately
reduced to 60.

 The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
 Each full question consisting of 20 marks.
 There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub questions) from each
module.
 Each full question will have sub question covering all the topics under a module.
 The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from 
each module.
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 ENGINEERING PHYSICS-18PHY12/22
Blow-up Syllabus
(Common to all Branches)
MODULE – 1
Sl. Details Dur Remarks
No atio
n
1 1.1Free Oscillations: 1/2hr No numerical
Definition of SHM, Characteristics, Examples and Derivation problems
of differential equation of motion for SHM starting from
Hookes’ law and mention its solution
2 Mechanical simple harmonic oscillator: 1and Numerical problems
Mass suspended to spring (vertical vibrations) - Description, 1/2hr on T,f and k
Mention of Expression for time period/frequency, Definition
of force constant and its significance, Derivation of
expressions for force constants for series and parallel
combination of springs.( and )
i(ωt + ε)
Complex notation of simple harmonic motion (Ae ),
Phasor representation of simple harmonic motion
3 Definition of free oscillations with examples, mention the 1/2hr Numerical problems
equation of motion, Natural frequency of vibration – on natural frequency
Qualitative discussion.
4 1.2 Damped oscillations: 1and Numerical problems
Definition with examples. Derivation of decaying amplitude, 1/2hr on damping and
Discussion of 3 cases viz, over damping, critical damping and quality factor
underdamping.
Quality factor: Definition, equation and its significance,
5 1.3 Forced oscillations: Numerical problems
Definition with examples. Derivation of expressions for
amplitude and phase of forced vibrations
Discussion of 3 cases (i) p<<ω, (ii) p= ω and (iii) p>> ω
Resonance: Definition, Examples, Condition for resonance
1and
and expression for maximum amplitude (just mention) .
1/2hr
Sharpness of Resonance: Definition and significance,
mention the effect of damping on sharpness of resonance
Qualitative discussion of Examples of Resonance: No numerical
Helmholtz Resonator- Description and mention of problems
expression for resonant frequency
6 1.4 SHOCK WAVES: 1hr Numerical problems
Definition of Mach number, classification of objects based on on Mach number
Mach number (subsonic, supersonic, Transonic and
hypersonic)
Definition and properties of shock waves
7 Definition of control volume, Laws of conservation of mass, 1 and No numerical
energy and momentum (Statement and equations) ½ hr problems
8 Construction and working of Reddy shock tube Applications No numerical
of shock waves: Qualitative (minimum 5 applications) problems
9 Tutorial classes 2hr Involvement of
students in respect of
their doubts about
the module and
numerical problems
Page 4 of 9
 MODULE-2
Sl. Details Dur Remarks
No atio
n
1 2.1 Elasticity: 1 and No numerical
Explain elasticity and plasticity. Give some examples for good ½ hr problems
elastic materials. Mention the importance (Engineering) of
elastic materials. concept of stress and strain. Discuss two types
of stresses namely tensile stress and compressive stress.
Briefly discuss the effect of stress, temperature, annealing and
impurities on elasticity
2 Strain hardening and softening: just explain what is strain 1/2hr No numerical
hardening (strengthening of material by plastic deformation) problems
and hardening co efficient and softening. No detailed discussion
of processes.
3 State and explain Hookes’ law, stress strain curve, elastic and 1/2hr Numerical
plastic limits. Elastic modulus, define three different elastic problems on Y, 
moduli. Write equations for each moduli like & so on. and K
4 2.2 Poisson’s ratio: 1hr Numerical
Define lateral strain and linear strain and hence Poisson’s ratio problems
=/ (= linear strain coefficient) and (= lateral strain
coefficient)
5 Relation between shear strain, longitudinal and compression No numerical
strain. Show that longitudinal strain + compression strain = problems
shear strain by considering a cubical elastic body
6 Derive the relation between Y,  and  Numerical
Derive the relation between K, Y and  problems
7 Derive the relation between K,  and Y 1 and
1/2hr
8 Discuss the limiting values of  and limitations of Poisson’s ratio No numerical
problems
9 2.3 Bending of beams: 1/2hr No numerical
Definition of beams, different types of beams and mention their problems
Engineering applications. Definition of neutral surface/plane
and neutral axis.
10 Define bending moment. Derive the expression for bending 1 hr No numerical
moment in terms of moment of inertia ( ) problems
11 Mention the expression for bending moment for circular and Numerical
rectangular cross sections problems
12 Describe a single cantilever and hence derive the expression for ½ hr Numerical
Y (for rectangular beam) (only depression ) problems
14 2.4 Torsion of a cylinder: 1 hr Numerical
Twisting couple on cylindrical wire, explain torsional problems
oscillations, derive the expression for couple per unit twist for a
solid cylinder
15 Mention the expression for Time period of torsional Numerical
oscillations . Brief explanation of applications of problems
torsional pendulum

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16 Tutorial classes 2hr Involvement of
students in respect
of their doubts
about the module
and numerical
problems

MODULE-3
Sl Details Dura Remarks
No tion
1 Only Cartesian co ordinates must be used in both theory 1 and ½ Numerical
and problems hr problems of div
3.1 Maxwell’s equations: and curl
Fundamentals of vector calculus: Briefly explain scalar
product, vector product,  operation, concept of divergence,
gradient and curl along with physical significance and
examples like Div and curl of E and B
2 Discuss the three different types of integrations viz linear, No numerical
surface and volume integrations. Derivation of Gauss problems
divergence theorem, mention Stokes’ theorem
3 Explain briefly Gauss flux theorem in electrostatics and ½ hr Numerical
magnetism, Ampere’s law, Biot-Savart’s law and Faraday’s problems
laws of electromagnetic induction
4 Discuss continuity equation, definition of displacement ½ hr Numerical
current(Id), expression for displacement current, Maxwell- problems on (Id)
Ampere’s law
5 List of four Maxwell’s equations in differential form and in ½ hr No numerical
vacuum problems
6 3.2 EM Waves: 1 and ½ Numerical
Derive wave equation in terms of electric field using hr problems on
Maxwell’s equations. Mention of plane electromagnetic calculation of ‘c’
waves in vacuum along with the equations for E, B and c in and on equations
terms of 0 and 0 and E and B of E and B
7 Explain the transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Numerical
three types of polarization namely linear, elliptical and problems
circular polarization of E.
8 3.3 Optical fiber: 1 and ½ Numerical
Description of propagation mechanism of light through an hr problems on C
9 optical fiber. Angle of acceptance and numerical Numerical
aperture(NA): Theory with condition for propagation problems on angle
10 Modes of propagation and V number and types of optical of acceptance, NA
fibers(qualitative) V number, modes
of propagation
11 Attenuation: Definition of attenuation, name the three types 2hr Numerical
of attenuation, Causes of attenuation: Explain absorption, problems on
scattering and radiation losses. Mention the expression for attenuation
attenuation coefficient coefficient
12 Application of optical fiber: Point to point communication: No numerical
Explain with the help of block diagram. Merits and de merits problems
of optical fiber communication.
13 Tutorial classes 2hr Involvement of
students in
respect of their
doubts about the
Page 6 of 9
 module and
numerical
problems

MODULE-4

Sl Details Dura Remarks

No tion
1 4.1 Quantum Mechanics: ½ hr No numerical
Introduction to need of Quantum mechanics with a problems
discussion of Planck’s equation for energy density
2 Wave nature of particles–De Broglie hypothesis followed ½ hr Numerical
by wavelength equations, extended to accelerated electron problems
3 Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle-Statement and mention 1 hr Numerical
the three uncertainty relations. Applications of uncertainty problems
principle- to show the non confinement of electrons in the
nucleus (by considering diameter of nucleus). Energy
relativistic equation shall not be considered.
4 Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation –Setting up 1 hr No numerical
of Schrodinger’s time independent wave equation using problems.
i(kx-wt)
ψ=Ae .
5 Significance of Wave function –qualitative statement No Numerical
regarding wave function, Probability density, Max born problems
interpretation, Normalization, and Properties of wave
function
6 Application Schrodinger’s wave equation to particle in 1-D Numerical
potential well of infinite height and obtain the energy Eigen 1hr problems
values and eigen functions. Probability densities
7 4.2 Laser: ½ hr No numerical
Brief discussion of spontaneous and stimulated processes – problems
Explanation of the process of induced absorption,
spontaneous and stimulated emission.
8 Einstein’s coefficients (expression for energy density) – 1 hr Numerical
derivation of energy density in terms of Einstein’s co problems
efficients
9 Requisites of a Laser system – a brief explanation about No numerical
active medium, resonant cavity and exciting system. problems
10 Conditions for laser action-To explain population inversion Numerical
and meta stable state problems
13 Principle: mention different modes of vibrations of CO2, 2 hr No numerical
explain construction and working of CO2 laser with energy problems
level diagram experimental setup.
14 Principle, Construction and working of semiconductor numerical
Lasers – Explain principle, construction and working of problems
homo junction semiconductor laser with energy level
diagram and experimental setup.
15 Application of Lasers in Defense (Laser range finder) – 1/2hr No numerical
qualitative explanation about application of laser as laser problems
range finder.
16 Application of Lasers in Engineering (Data storage) - No numerical
qualitative explanation about application of laser in data problems
storage (compact disc, DVD).
17 Tutorial classes 2 hrs Involvement of
students in respect
Page 7 of 9
 of their doubts
about the module
and numerical
problems

MODULE-5
Sl. Details Dura Remarks
No tion
1 5.1 Quantum free electron theory: ½ hr No numerical
Review of classical free electron theory (just mention who problems
proposed it and what for it was proposed), mention the
expressions for electrical conductivity based on classical free
electron theory, and explain the failures of classical free
electron theory (in terms of relation between conductivity and
temperature, and relation between conductivity and free
electron density, with specific examples)
2 Assumptions of quantum free electron theory, definition of 1 and Numerical
density of states and mention the expression for density of 1/2hr problems on
states (No derivation) density of states,
3 Qualitative discussion of Fermi level, Fermi energy, Fermi-Dirac Fermi energy,
statistics, Fermi factor, Fermi factor at different temperatures Fermi factor
(3 cases).
4 Derivation of the expression for Fermi energy at zero Kelvin. ½ hr Numerical
Mention the expression Fermi velocity and Fermi temperature. problems on
Expression for electrical conductivity in terms of Fermi Fermi velocity,
velocity, mean free path and effective mass (No derivation). conductivity
5 Success of quantum free electron theory (in terms of relation ½ hr No numerical
between conductivity and temperature, and relation between problems
conductivity and free electron density, with specific examples)
6 5.2 Semiconductors: 1hr No numerical
Fundamentals of semiconductor. Description of Fermi level in problems
intrinsic semiconductor. Mention of expression for electron and
hole concentration in intrinsic semiconductors. Derivation of
relation between Fermi energy and energy gap for an intrinsic
semiconductor.
7 Derivation of the expression for electrical conductivity of 1 hr Numerical
semiconductors, Explanation of Hall effect with Hall voltage and problems on
Hall field, derivation of the expression for Hall coefficient. conductivity, Hall
effect
8 5.3 Dielectrics: 1 hr No numerical
Fundamentals of dielectrics. Polarisation, mention the relation problems
between dielectric constant and polarization. Types of
polarization. Polar and non-polar dielectrics
9 Definition of internal field in case of solids and mention of its 1 hr Numerical
expression for one dimensional case. Mention the expressions problems on
for internal field for three dimensional cases and Lorentz field. internal field and
Derivation of Clausius-Mossotti equation. Clausius-Mossotti
equation
10 Description of solid, liquid and gaseous dielectrics with one 1/2hr No numerical
example each. Qualitative explanation of applications of problems
dielectrics in transformers.
11 Tutorial classes 2hr Involvement of
students in respect
of their doubts
Page 8 of 9
 about the module
and numerical
problems

Text Books:
1. A Text book of Engineering Physics- M.N. Avadhanulu and P.G. Kshirsagar, 10th revised
Ed, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi
2. Engineering Physics-Gaur and Gupta-Dhanpat Rai Publications-2017
3. Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser: 6th Ed;Tata McGraw Hill Edu Pvt Ltd- New Delhi
2006

Reference books:
1. Introduction to Mechanics — MK Verma: 2nd Ed, University Press(India) Pvt Ltd,
Hyderabad 2009
2. Lasers and Non Linear Optics – BB laud, 3rd Ed, New Age International Publishers 2011
3. Solid State Physics-S O Pillai, 8th Ed- New Age International Publishers-2018
4. Shock waves made simple- Chintoo S Kumar, K Takayama and KPJ Reddy: Willey India
Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi2014
5. Introduction to Electrodynamics- David Griffiths: 4th Ed, Cambridge University Press 2017

Module wise Text Books/Reference Books

Module Article No Text Book/Reference Book

1.1 1. Engineering Physics-Gaur and Gupta-Dhanpat Rai Publications-2017

1.2
I 1.3
1.4 1. Shock waves made simple- Chintoo S Kumar, K Takayama and KPJ
Reddy: Willey India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi2014
2.1 1. Engineering Physics-Gaur and Gupta-Dhanpat Rai Publications-2017
2.2 2. Introduction to Mechanics — MK Verma: 2nd Ed, University
II Press(India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad 2009
2.3
2.4
3.1 1. A Text book of Engineering Physics- M.N. Avadhanulu and P.G.
3.2 Kshirsagar, 10th revised Ed, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi
III
3.3 2. Introduction to Electrodynamics- David Griffiths: 4th Ed, Cambridge
University Press 2017
4.1 1. A Text book of Engineering Physics- M.N. Avadhanulu and P.G.
Kshirsagar, 10th revised Ed, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi
2. Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser: 6th Ed;Tata McGraw Hill
IV
Edu Pvt Ltd- New Delhi 2006
4.2 1. Lasers and Non Linear Optics – BB laud, 3rd Ed, New Age
International Publishers 2011
5.1 1. Concepts of Modern Physics-Arthur Beiser: 6th Ed;Tata McGraw Hill
5.2 Edu Pvt Ltd- New Delhi 2006
2. Solid State Physics-S O Pillai, 8th Ed- New Age International
V Publishers-2018
5.3 1. A Text book of Engineering Physics- M.N. Avadhanulu and P.G.
Kshirsagar, 10th revised Ed, S. Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi

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