Semi- Detailed Lesson Plan in Oral Communication

Time Frame: June 11 and 13, 2019

Grade and Section: Grade 11 ABM - Accountancy/Marketing Management
Grade 11 HUMSS - Social Welfare/ Education

Time Frame: June 13 -14, 2019

Grade and Section: Grade 11 HUMSS – Journalism/Tourism

I. Objectives:

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

1. recognize the different models of communication;

2. share their research to their group members that serves as their contribution to the outcome of their
presentation;
3. present the model of communication that is assigned to their group; and
4. integrate examples through a role play.

II. Subject Matter: Models of Communication

A. References: Speak and Listen in Context pages 11-13, Coral Communication in Context pages 5-
6
B. Materials: textbook, reference book, chalk board, cartolina, pentel pen, index card,
https://www.communicationtheory.org/lasswells-model/,
https://www.communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/,
http://classy.am/en/top-6-richest-male-models-in-the-world-of-2018/

III. Procedures:
A. Routine Activity
a. Prayer and greetings
b. Attendance
c. Classroom management

B. Motivation:
Guess who? And Guess what?

Answer for letter A: She is Kendra Nicole Jenner. The 23 year old fashion model earned $22.5 million
dollars for the year to top this year’s ranking as the highest paid fashion model in the world.

Answer for letter B: Sean O’ Pry ($1.5 Million). He is the highest-paid model in the industry. Sean first
gained fame on My Space at the age of 17. He has collaborated with some major brands, like H&M,
Salvatore, Versace, Hugo Boss and the like.

C. Presentation: The teacher will present the topic on Models of Communication by asking, what is
a model and what is its function?
Answer: A system or thing used as an example to follow or imitate.
 D. Discussion:
Models of Communication
1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication (before 300 BC)
Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek philosopher and writer born in Stagira, Northern Greece.
He was also the teacher of Alexander the Great. He studied physics, logic, mathematics, etc.

While exploring the human nature scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model of communication for
oral communication known as Aristotle’s Model of Communication. This is considered as the first model
of communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is also the is most widely accepted among all
communication models.

2. Laswell’s Model of Communication

Harold Dwight Lasswell, the American political scientist states that a convenient way to describe an act of
communication is to answer the following questions
 Who
 Says What
 In Which Channel
 To Whom
 With what effect?

This model is about process of communication and its function to society, According to Lasswell there are
three functions for communication:

1. Surveillance of the environment

2. Correlation of components of society
3. Cultural transmission between generation

Lasswell model suggests the message flow in a multicultural society with multiple audiences. The flow of
message is through various channels. And also this communication model is similar to Aristotle’s
communication model.

In this model, the communication component who refers the research area called “Control Analysis”,
Says what is refers to “Content Analysis”,
In which channel is refers to “Media Analysis”,
Says what is refers to “Content Analysis”,
In which channel is refers to “Media Analysis”,
To Whom is refers to “Audience Analysis”
With What Effect is refers to “Effect Analysis”

Example:
CNN NEWS – A water leak from Japan’s tsunami-crippled nuclear power station resulted in about 100
times the permitted level of radioactive material flowing into the sea, operator Tokyo Electric Power Co
said on Saturday.
Who – TEPC Operator
What – Radioactive material flowing into sea
Channel – CNN NEWS (Television medium)
Whom – Public
Effect – Alert the people of japan from the radiation.
Advantage of lasswell model:
 It is Easy and Simple
 It suits for almost all types of communication
 The concept of effect
Disadvantage of lasswell model:
 Feedback not mentioned
 Noise not mentioned
 Linear Model

3.Shannon and Weaver (1949)

In 1948, Shannon was an American mathematician, Electronic engineer and Weaver was an American
scientist both of them join together to write an article in “Bell System Technical Journal” called “A
Mathematical Theory of Communication” and also called as “Shannon-Weaver model of communication”.
This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between sender and receiver. Also
they find factors which affecting the communication process called “Noise”. At first the model was
developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of
Communication. The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise,
channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode.

Sender : The originator of message or the information source selects desire message
Encoder : The transmitter which converts the message into signals
Note: The sender’s messages converted into signals like waves or Binary data which is compactable to
transmit the messages through cables or satellites. For example: In telephone the voice is converted into
wave signals and it transmits through cables

Decoder : The reception place of the signal which converts signals into message. A reverse process of
encode
Note : The receiver converts those binary data or waves into message which is comfortable and
understandable for receiver. Otherwise receiver can’t receive the exact message and it will affect the
effective communication between sender and receiver

Receiver : The destination of the message from sender

Note : Based on the decoded message the receiver gives their feedback to sender. If the message distracted
by noise it will affect the communication flow between sender and receiver

Noise: The messages are transferred from encoder to decoder through channel. During this process the
messages may distracted or affected by physical noise like horn sounds, thunder and crowd noise or encoded
signals may distract in the channel during the transmission process which affect the communication flow
or the receiver may not receive the correct message
Note : The model is clearly deals with external noises only which affect the messages or signals from
external sources. For example: If there is any problems occur in network which directly affect the mobile
phone communication or distract the messages

Practical Example of Shannon-Weaver model of communication :

Thomson made call to his assistant “come here I want to see you”. During his call, noise appeared
(transmission error) and his assistant received “I want” only. Again Assistant asked Thomson (feedback)
“what do you want Thomson”
Sender : Thomson
Encoder : Telephone (Thomson)
Channel : Cable
Noise : Distraction in voice
Reception : Telephone (Assistant)
Receiver : Assistant.
Due to transmission error or noise, Assistant can’t able to understand Thomson’s messages.*The noise
which affect the communication flow between them.

Criticism of Shannon-Weaver model of communication :

1. One of the simplest model and its general applied in various communication theories.
The model which attracts both academics of Human communication and Information theorist to leads
their further research in communication
2. It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience.
3.The model based on “Sender and Receiver”. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the
secondary role (receive the information or passive)
4.Communication is not a one way process. If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength. For example:
Audience or receiver who listening a radio, reading the books or watching television is a one way
communication because absence of feedback.
Understanding Noise will helps to solve the various problems in communication

4. Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

This model breaks the sender and receiver model it seems communication in a practical
way. It is not a traditional model. It can happen within our self or two people; each person
acts as both sender and receiver and hence use interpretation.

5. Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication

I n 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model of
communication from Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He described factors
affecting the individual components in the communication making the communication more
efficient.
1. The model also focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender sends the
message and before receiver receives the message respectively.
 2. Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components to describe the communication process. They
are sender, message, channel and receiver. Each of the component is affected by many
factors.
Components of Berlo’s Model of Communication

Sender is the source of the message or the person who originates the message. The person or source
sends the message to the receiver. The following are the factor related to sender and is also the same in
the case of receiver.
 Communication Skills
Communication skills of a person is a factor that affects the communication process. If the sender
has good communication skills, the message will be communicated better than if the sender’s
communication skills are not good. Similarly, if the receiver can not grasp the message, then the
communication will not be effective. Communication skills include the skills to speak, present,
read, write, listening, etc.
 Attitude
The attitude of the sender and the receiver creates the effect of the message. The person’s attitude
towards self, the receiver and the environment changes the meaning and effect of the message.
 Knowledge
Familiarity with the subject of the message makes the communicated message have its effect
more.
 Social Systems
Values, beliefs, laws, rules, religion and many other social factors affect the sender’s way of
communicating the message. It creates difference in the generation of message. Place and
situation also fall under social systems.
 Culture
Cultural differences make messages different. A person from one culture might find something
offensive which is very much accepted in another culture.

Message is the substance that is being sent by the sender to the receiver. It might be in the form of voice,
audio, text, video or other media. The key factors affecting the message are

 Content
Content is the thing that is in the message. The whole message from beginning to end is the
content.
 Elements
Elements are the non verbal things that tag along with the content like gestures, signs, language,
etc.
 Treatment
Treatment is the way in which the message is conveyed to the receiver. Treatment also effects the
feedback of the receiver.
 Structure
The structure of the message or the way it has been structured or arranged, affects the effectiveness
of the message.
 Code
Code is the form in which the message is sent. It might be in the form of language, text, video, etc.

Channel is the medium used to send the message. In mass communication and other forms of
communication, technical machines might be used as a channel like telephone, internet, etc. But
in general communication, the five senses of a human being is the channel for the
communication flow and it affects the effectiveness of the channel.
 Hearing – We receive the message through hearing.
 Seeing – We perceive through seeing. We also get non-verbal messages by seeing.
 Touching – Many of the non-verbal communication happens from touching like holding hands.
 Smelling – We collect information from smelling.
 Tasting – Taste also provides the information to be sent as a message.

Receiver is the person who gets the message sent in the process. This model believes that the
thinking pattern and all other factors mentioned above must be in sync to that of the sender for
the communication to be effective. The message might not have the same effect as intended if
the receiver and sender are not similar. The receiver must also have a very good listening skill.
Other factors are similar to that of the sender.
 Communication skills
 Attitudes
 Knowledge
 Social Systems
 Culture
Criticisms of Berlo’s SMCR Model

 There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered.

 There is no concept of noise or any kind of barriers in communication process.
 It is a linear model of communication, there is no two way communication.
 Both of the people must be similar according to all the factors mentioned above.

IV. Generalization:
These are the different models that served to know the different components of communication.

V. Evaluation:

A. Practice:
Students were pre-assigned of the following task the day before this lesson.

Head:
Model of Communication Presentation:
Group 1 Aristotle’s Model of Communication 1. Give Aristotle’s brief background.
(before 300 BC) 2. What is the theory all about?

Group 2 Laswell’s Model of Communication 1. Laswell’s brief background

2.Advantages and disadvantages of his model
Group 3 Shannon’s nd Weaver Model 1. 1.Proponents’ brief background
2. 2.What is the theory all about?
3. 3.Criticisms of this model

Group 4 Osgood-Schramm Model of 4. 1.Proponents’ brief background

Communication 5. 2.What is the theory all about?
6. 3.Criticisms of this model

Group 5 Berlo’s SMCR Theory 1.Proponents’ brief background

2.Components of Berlo’s theory.

B. Enrichment Activity

Tail:
Model of Communication Presentation:
Group 1 Aristotle’s Model of Communication
(before 300 BC)
Give examples of the assign theory for your
Group 2 Laswell’s Model of Communication group and role play it in front of the class. Each
Group 3 Shannon’s nd Weaver Model will be given a 3-minute presentation.
Group 4 Osgood-Schramm Model of
Communication

Group 5 Berlo’s SMCR Theory

Rubrics:

Concept 5
Content and Organization 5
Quality 5
Teamwork 5
Total : 20 points

C. Quiz

In ¼ sheet of paper write the five models of communication and their proponents. Wrong spelling wrong.
All answers must be complete.
 VI. Assignment:

Research for the following and write your answers in your notebook:

1. What are the different features of communications?

2. Define the following:
I. Verbal Communication
a. Phonemes
b. Word
c. Syntax
d. Symbols
II. Non- Verbal Communication
a. Paralanguage
b. Sign language
c. Tactile or haptic
d. Olfactory
e. Gustatory

Prepared by:

Mrs. Glaiza G. Dagala

Oral Communication Teacher