Productivity

Absence

Turnover
Dependent
Human Output Variables (Y)
Deviant Workplace Behaviour

Citizenship

Satisfaction

Change & Stress ORGANISATIONAL

LEVEL Human Resources Policies
& Practices

Organisational Culture Organisational Structure

& Design
LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT (Three Level)

GROUP LEVEL Group Decision Making Leadership & Trust

Communication Group Structure Work Team

Conflict Power & Policies Independent

Variables (X)

Biographical INDIVIDUAL LEVEL

Characterises

Perception
Personality &
Emotions
Motivation Individual
Values & Decision Making
Attitudes

Ability Individual
Learning

Human Input