PROJECT SYNOPSIS

GROUP MEMBERS:

RAVNEET SINGH SYAL 75/16 & 706/16

SIMRANJEET SINGH 89/16 & 711/16

PAVANNEET SINGH 108/16 & 719/16

SIMRANJEET SINGH 150/16 & 726/16

PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR

Ms. NEHA GUPTA.

PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON TOPIC

 SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM.

 BI DIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER.

 SMART IRRIGATION
SYSTEM

Smart irrigation system tailor watering schedules and run times

automatically to meet specific landscapes needs. These
controllers significantly output water use efficiencies.

Generally speaking, traditional watering can waste as much as

50% of the water used due to inefficiency in irrigation,
evaporation and overwatering.

Smart irrigation systems use sensors for real-time or historical

data to inform watering routines and modify watering schedules
to improve efficiency.
List of Components Used In Smart Irrigation
System
Component Name Component Value Quantity

Arduino UNO 1

Bluetooth Module HC-05-09 1

Temperature and Humidity Sensor DHT-11 1

Soil moisture sensor FC-28 1

Peristaltic pump AB11 4

LEDs Red, Green and Yellow 3

Miscellaneous

Adaptor 1 A, 6 V 1

Connecting Jumpers

Breadboard 1

1. Sensors

(a) Soil moisture sensor

The soil moisture sensor is used to measure the volumetric water content of soil.
It is used to monitor soil moisture content to control irrigation in greenhouses. A
moisture sensor is used to sense the level of moisture content present in
irrigation field. It has a level detection module in which we can set a reference
value.
(b) Temperature and Humidity Sensor

The temperature and humidity sensor is necessary to reduce the watering

frequency. That is when the weather gets cooler, less water is needed whereas
vice versa in the other case.

2. Relay Module

The relay module is an electrically operated switch that allows you to turn ON or
OFF a circuit using voltage and/or current much higher than a Microcontroller
could handle. There is no connection between the low voltage circuit operated by
the Microcontroller and the high power circuit. The relay protects each circuit
from the other. Each channel in the module has three connections named NC,
COM, and NO. Depending on the input signal trigger mode, the jumper cap can be
placed at high level effective mode which ‘closes’ the normally open (NO) switch
at high level input and at low level effective mode which operates the same but at
low level input.

3. Peristaltic Pump

A peristaltic pump is a type of positive displacement pump used for pumping a

variety of fluids. The fluid is contained within a flexible tube fitted inside a
circular pump casing. It is reputed to pump water from a depth of about 31 feet.
Block Diagram

The Model works as follows:

The results of the moisture, temperature and threshold level can be calculated
through the sensors used in the project. Analysis of soil parameters can be done
and the needed nutrients can be calculated for the soil. The need of water supply
of the soil can be calculated and hence appropriate irrigation is done through
smart techniques.

Featured experimental result and analysis:

System configuration:

This module is used to configure all hardware devices. Soil moisture sensor,
Temperature and Humidity sensor, Pump all are connected to major component
arduino with Bluetooth connectivity.

Soil moisture and temperature sensing:

In this module we analyze the moisture content in the soil and it’s temperature.
According to the sensor values further decision are taken.

Send the results on Arduino serial monitor:

Once the values of temperature and moisture are generated on serial monitor.
The threshold can also be notified on serial monitor itself. And if result of
Moisture, Temperature and Humidity goes below the threshold value the pump
will automatically turn ON and if the level of Moisture, Temperature and
Humidity increase upto threshold level of field then pump will automatically turn
OFF.

Schematic

In schematic, Red Wire- Vcc and Black Wire- Ground.

External supply is given to Arduino through 6V-1A Adaptor.
In place of motor, connect 6V peristaltic pump.
Flowchart

Flowchart for Smart Irrigation System

Bidirectional Visitor
Counter using 8051
Microcontroller
This article describes the design and working of a Bidirectional Visitor
Counter using 8051 Microcontroller. The main intention is to design a
system wherein the number of persons entering or leaving a room is kept
track of and displayed on a screen.

When a person enters the room, count would be increased, whereas on

leaving, the count would decrease. IR sensing mechanism is used to sense
the presence of visitors and the whole counting operation is done by a
microcontroller.

Bidirectional Visitor Counter Circuit Principle.

The circuit works on the principle of IR sensing. Infrared or simply IR

Sensors are devices that work with Infrared Light Source and a Photo
Detector like a Photo Diode or a Photo Transistor that act as a Transmitter
and Receiver respectively.

In this project, we have used an IR LED as the IR Transmitter and a Photo

Diode as the IR Receiver. Two sets of IR sensors consisting of an IR LED and
Photo Diode are placed at two ends of the entrance of a room.

Output from each sensor is fed to the microcontroller. In normal operation,

IR light from the LED would not fall on the Photo Diode as it is a Reflective
type IR Sensor. The output from the sensor would be a logic LOW signal in
this case.
In case of any interruption (due to any person crossing the path), the Photo
Diode would start receiving the IR Light and start conducting. As a result,
the output from the sensor would be a logic HIGH signal.

The transition from low to high, for each sensor pair is detected by the
microcontroller and accordingly the count would be increased or
decreased.

Circuit Diagram of Bidirectional Visitor Counter

Circuit Components
Here is the list of components and their corresponding values used in this
circuit.

 AT89C51 (8051 based Microcontroller)

 8051 Programmer
 Push Button
 10µF Electrolytic Capacitor
 2 x 10KΩ Resistors (1/4 Watt)
 11.0592 MHz Crystal
 2 x 33pF Ceramic Capacitors
 16 x 2 LCD Display
 10KΩ Potentiometer
 2 x IR Sensors (Reflective Type)
 Connecting Wires
 Power Supply

Circuit Design of Bidirectional Visitor Counter using

8051 Microcontroller

The heart of the circuit design lies in designing the Microcontroller

interface. Here, we used the Microcontroller AT89C51, which is an 8051
family microcontroller.

The microcontroller AT89C51 is interfaced to the IR sensor pairs at PORT2

pins – P2.0 and P2.1 respectively. The following image shows the circuit
diagram of the Reflective Type IR Sensor Module used in this project
The sensor circuit is designed by selecting appropriate value of resistors
for both the LED and the Photo Diode. A 150Ω current limiting resistor is
placed in series with the IR LED.

Photo Diode is connected in reverse bias with a series resistor of 10KΩ.

Photo Diode and 10KΩ Resistor form a potential divider and the output is
given to the non – inverting input of the Operational Amplifier (Op – Amp).

A 10KΩ POT is connected at the inverting input. This POT can be adjust in
order to change the sensitivity of the IR Sensor. A 16 x 2 LCD Display is
used to display the count values. The data line of the LCD are connected to
PORT1 Pins of the Microcontroller.

The Control Pins i.e. RS, RW and E are tied to P3.6, GND and P3.7 pins. A
10KΩ POT is connected to contrast adjust pin i.e. Pin 3 of LCD.

Another important aspect of the design involves designing the oscillator

circuit and the reset circuit. The oscillator circuit is designed by selecting
an 11.0592 MHz quartz crystal and two ceramic capacitors – each 33pF.

The reset circuit is designed by selecting a resistor of 10KΩ and an

electrolyte capacitor of 10µF to ensure a reset pulse width of 100ms and
reset pin voltage drop of 1.2V.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
..

OPERATION
Let us now see hoe this Bidirectional Visitor Counter using 8051
Microcontroller actually works.

When the system is powered ON, the microcontroller initially initializes the
stack pointer and all other variables. It then scans the input pins (P2.0 and
P2.1).

In the meantime, when there is no object in front of the IR Sensors, the light
from the IR LED would not fall on the Photo Diode of the first sensor pair
and hence, the Photo Diode doesn’t conduct.
As a result, the output of the IR sensors is LOW. In other words, ports P2.0
and P2.1 are at logic LOW level. If there is a person in front of the IR
Sensors, IR light from the IR LED reflects from the person and falls on the
Photo Diode.

As a result, the Photo Diode starts conducting and the output of the sensor
becomes HIGH. In other words, the ports P2.0 and P2.1 are at logic HIGH
level.

Now when a transition takes place, i.e. a logic HIGH level is received, first at
port P2.0 and then at P2.1, the microcontroller sees this as an interruption
to sense the passage or entry of a person or an object in front of the IR LED
and the Photo Diode.

As per the program, the count value is increased and this value is displayed
on the 16 x 2 LCD Display.

If the microcontroller senses logic HIGH, first on the P2.1 and then on P2.0,
it assumes that the person is leaving the room and as per the program, the
microcontroller decreases the count as displays the same on the LCD.

The program ensures that the count is increased or decreased only when
both the sensors detect the person.