Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abstract—
This paper presents a 2x1 rectangular antenna
array that is designed to operate at KA band. The
antenna is design such as its patch parameter,
spacing, power divider and feeding technique has
been optimized in order to fulfill requirements of
high gain and directivity. The array is designed to
Figure 1 Candidate Band for 5G
operate at frequency of 38GHz using a RT/Duroid
5870 substrate at thickness of 0.127mm, The microstrip antenna have a beneficial physical
permittivity, ɛr of 2.2 and copper thickness of characteristic such as it is light in weight, low cost,
0.035mm. A bandwidth of 1 GHz (2.7%) were mechanically robust when mount on a rigid
achieved for 2x1 array antenna with VSWR less surface. Despite its advantages, the microstrip
than 2:1. The antenna has also achieved 80% antenna has several advantages such as narrow
total efficiency with 9.75 dBi gain. Horizontal bandwidth and low efficiency. [2]
linear polarization is achieved. Hence, the
proposed antenna design is suitable for 38 GHz II. METHODOLOGY
mmWave non-mobile communication. This section will discuss the theory of calculation
of each antenna parameter. The initial step of
Keywords—Reflection coefficient, 5G, Gain,
designing a microstrip rectangular patch antenna
Directivity, Millimeter Wave, Quarter Wave.
is by determining the patch dimension (the width
and length). This calculation will take into account
the type of substrate used, its dielectric constant,
I. INTRODUCTION substrate height and the centre frequency. The
Technology in communication evolved rapidly of
design microstrip patch antenna will then match
which it has become a challenge toward the to a matching feedline (50Ω and 100Ω) using a
modern wireless communication industries. The
quarter-wave transformer, however the exact
trend of Forth Generation (4G) Communication
dimension was tuned by sweep and optimize by
has come to its peak where the utilization of its
CST software. Details of the calculation as follows:
bandwidth is almost saturated and it can’t longer A) The width (W) and length (L) of the
cope with the demand (capacity, data rate, etc) of
microstrip patch:
current devices. This introduce to a new
technology called Fifth Generation (5G)
Communication which offers a wider bandwidth,
Where the effective dielectric constant is given by:
higher speed, high capacity, data rate and low
latency. However, the standard for 5G has yet to
be defined as the technology is still in
development stage. Figure 1 shows some of the And
candidate bands for 5G communication from
ΔL = 0.412h [(ε݁ +0.300) (W/ℎ+0.264)] /[(ε݁ -0.258)
20Ghz to 90GHz [1]
(W/ℎ+0.800)]
1
III. ANTENNA DESIGN directivity, VSWR and radiation pattern at
frequency of 38GHz. This section will also discuss
In this section, the design antenna is develop
and compare the parameters between a single
based on the calculations performed in part II.
patch and 2x1 array patch antenna. The results
The main parameters of the antenna are defined
obtained using a CST Studio Suite Simulation
in Table 1. Performance and evaluation of the
optimize function.
single patch and array antenna is subsequently
conducted using CST Studio Suite Simulation. Directivity and Gain
2
Figure 10 Gain of 38 GHz dual patch antenna
Figure 8 Directivity of 38 GHz dual patch antenna
Figure 7,8,9 and 10 shows that the directivity and
Antenna gain is more commonly quoted than
the gain of single and dual patch antenna results.
directivity in an antenna's specification sheet
The directivity and gain of the dual patch are about
because it takes into account the actual losses that
3dB higher, means that the dual patch antenna
occur. A transmitting antenna with a gain of 3 dB
can give higher directivity and gain. From result we
means that the power received far from the
can get 6.59dB gain for single patch antenna and
antenna will be 3 dB higher (twice as much) than
9.75 dB gain for dual-patch array antenna. Lower
what would be received from a lossless isotropic
directivity is useful for unknown signal direction
antenna with the same input power. Gain will be
application such as mobile phone application that
lower than directivity. An ideal antenna will have
can accept signal from all direction. As for high
the directivity and gain equal which result in 100%
directivity antenna, it is suitable for one direction
efficiency.
communication.
Efficiency
3
Antenna S11 and VSWR
Bandwidth
4
mismatch or polarization diversity can be waste.
Antenna is considered as elliptical polarization if
having axial ratio between 3dB to 20 dB, and as
circular polarization if having <3 dB axial ratio.
Both simulated patch having an axial ratio of 40
dB. Thus, conclude both antennas are linearly
polarized antenna.
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS
There are some differences between important
parameter between calculation and simulation
Figure 17 axial ratio of 35 GHz single patch antenna
especially the matching line between 100 ohm
line and patch. There is some hypothesis on this
that may need to discover in future as below:
5
VII. REFERENCES