douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 1

This print-out should have 25 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on 003 10.0 points
the next column or page – find all choices Calculate the energy stored in a 19.9 µF
before answering. capacitor when it is charged to a potential of
96 V .
001 10.0 points
A 14.1 V battery is connected to a 4.5 pF Correct answer: 91.6992 mJ.
parallel-plate capacitor.
What is the magnitude of the charge on Explanation:
each plate?

Correct answer: 6.345 × 10−11 C.

Let : C = 19.9 µF = 1.99 × 10−5 F and
Explanation:
V = 96 V.
Let : ∆V = 14.1 V and
C = 4.5 pF . The energy stored in a capacitor is
The capacitance is
Q 1
C= U= CV2
∆V 2
Q = C ∆V = (4.5 × 10−12 F) (14.1 V) 1
1.99 × 10−5 F (96 V)2


=
2 
= 6.345 × 10−11 C .
1 × 103 mJ

×
1J
002 10.0 points
A parallel-plate capacitor has a plate area of = 91.6992 mJ .
13.9 cm2 and a capacitance of 7.4 pF .
What is the plate separation? The
value of the permittivity of a vacuum is
8.8542 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 . 004 10.0 points
Which of the following capacitors, each of
Correct answer: 0.00166315 m. which has plates of area A, would store the
most charge on the top plate for a given po-
Explanation: tential difference V ?

Let : A = 13.9 cm2 = 0.00139 m2 , V

b

C = 7.4 pF = 7.4 × 10−12 F , and

ǫ0 = 8.8542 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 . 1. d
Glass
ǫ0 A
C=
d V
b
ǫ0 A
d=
C
8.8542 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 d
= 2. Vacuum
7.4 × 10−12 F
× 0.00139 m2

= 0.00166315 m .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 2

bV

3. d/2 correct
κ κ
Glass

bV What is the dielectric constant of the slab?

d/2 Correct answer: 2.07522.

4.
Air Explanation:

Let : Qa = 226 µC ,
bV
Qd = 226 µC + 243 µC , and
d/2 = 469 µC .
5.
Vacuum Since the capacitor is connected to the bat-
tery the whole time, we know that the poten-
tial drop across the capacitor is held constant.
The charge changes only because the capaci-
tance does. When the capacitor is filled with
air, we have Qa = Ca V . When the dielec-
tric slab is inserted, the charge is given by
Qd = Cd V . The dielectric constant is then
Explanation:
The problem actually asks which capacitor Cd Qd 469 µC
κ= = = = 2.07522 .
has the largest capacitance, since, Q = C V . Ca Qa 226 µC
The capacitance for the parallel plate capaci-
ǫo A 006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
tor is C = κ , so the largest κ and small-
d A certain dielectric, with a dielectric con-
est distance gives the largest capacitance.
stant 25, can withstand an electric field of
Glass, being a dielectric material, has κ > 1,
7 × 107 V/m. Suppose we want to use this di-
where the dielectric constant of air is 1.
electric to construct a 0.2 µF capacitor that
Therefore, the capacitor with the plate dis-
d can withstand a potential difference of 2300 V.
tance and glass between plates has highest The permittivity of free space is 8.85 ×
2
capacitance. 10−12 C2 /N · m2 .
What is the minimum plate separation?
005 10.0 points
Correct answer: 32.8571 µm.
When a certain air-filled parallel-plate ca- Explanation:
pacitor is connected across a battery, it ac-
quires a charge (on each plate) of magnitude
226 µC. While the battery connection is Let : V = 2300 V and
maintained, a dielectric slab is inserted into E = 7 × 107 V/m .
the space between the capacitor plates and
completely fills this region. This results in The electric field of the capacitor is
the accumulation of an additional charge of V
243 µC on each plate. E=
d
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 3
V
d= C1 C2
E
2300 V 106 µm
= · a b
7 × 107 V/m m C3 c C4
= 32.8571 µm . EB

007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

What must the area of the plates be?
C1 and C3 are connected in parallel, as are
C2 and C4 , so
Correct answer: 0.0297014 m2 .
Explanation:
Cl = C1 + C3 = 5 µF + 2 µF = 7 µF and
Let : C = 0.2 µF = 2 × 10−7 F ,
κ = 25 , and
Cr = C2 + C4 = 9 µF + 4 µF = 13 µF .
ǫ0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 .
The capacitance is Cl and Cr are connected in series, so
κ ǫ0 A
C=
d 1 1 1 Cr + Cl
Cd = + =
A= Cab Cl Cr Cl Cr
κ ǫ0
Cl Cr (7 µF)(13 µF)
(2 × 10−7 F) (3.28571 × 10−5 m) Cab = =
= Cl + Cr 7 µF + 13 µF
25 (8.85 × 10−12 C2 /N · m2 )
= 4.55 µF .
= 0.0297014 m2 .

008 10.0 points

009 10.0 points
Consider the capacitor circuit
Consider the capacitor circuit shown below.
5 µF 9 µF 90 µF 90 µF
45 µF
a b a b c
2 µF c 4 µF 45 µF
EB
EB

Calculate the equivalent capacitance Cab

Determine the equivalent capacitance for
between points a and b.
the combination shown.
Correct answer: 4.55 µF.
Correct answer: 30 µF.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Let : C1 = 5 µF ,
C2 = 9 µF ,
C3 = 2 µF , and Let : C1 = C = 45 µF and
C4 = 4 µF . C2 = 2 C = 90 µF .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 4

C2 C2
6. C = 6 µF
C1
a b c
C1 7. C = 4 µF
1
EB 8. C = µF
3
Explanation:
The two C2 capacitors are connected in
series, so
Let : C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = C5 = C6
1 1 1 2 1
= + = = = C = 2 µF .
Cupper 2C 2C 2C C
Cupper =C. C1 C2
Cupper and C1 are connected in parallel, so
C3 C4
Clef t = C + Cupper = C + C = 2 C . a b
Clef t and C1 are connected in series, so C5 C6
1 1 1 1 1 3 Eab
= + = + =
Ceq Clef t C 2C C 2C
2 2
Ceq = C = (45 µF) = 30 µF .
3 3 We have 3 series combinations, each with
1 1 1 2
010 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points equivalent capacitance ′ = + = , of
C C C C
Consider the system of equivalent capacitors. the capacitors connected in parallel, so
2 µF 2 µF

2 µF 2 µF C C C C 2 µF
Cab = + + =3 =3
a b 2 2 2 2 2
2 µF 2 µF = 3 µF .

EB
011 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
What potential difference must be applied
between points a and b so that the charge
Find the equivalent capacitance Cab of the on each plate of each capacitor will have a
network of capacitors. magnitude of 6 µC?
1. C = 12 µF 3
1. Vab = V
2
2. C = 3 µF correct
2. Vab = 9 V
2
3. C = µF 2
3 3. Vab = V
3
4. C = 2 µF
4. Vab = 4 V
4
5. C = µF 5. Vab = 3 V
3
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 5
Since the capacitor has been charged to a
6. Vab = 2 V potential difference of V1 , the charge in the
capacitor is Q = C1 V1 , where C1 is the un-
7. Vab = 18 V known capacitance. When we connect the
second capacitor parallel with the first one,
8. Vab = 6 V correct the charge of the system is still Q, while the
Explanation: total capacitance is Ctotal = C1 + C2 . De-
noting the voltage across the combination as
V2 , we have Q = Ctotal V2 . Equating the two
Let : Q = 6 µC and expressions we obtained for Q, we get
EB = 6 V .
C1 V1 = (C1 + C2 ) V2
Regard the system as an equivalent capac- C2 V2 (14.9 µF) (34 V)
itor with the capacitance Cab . The charge on C1 = =
V1 − V2 94 V − 34 V
a series set of capacitors is the same: Q12 =
Q34 = Q56 = 6 µC , and the charge on a par- = 8.44333 µF .
allel set of capacitors is the sum of the charges
on each branch: Qtotal = 3 (6 µC) = 18 µC ,
so 013 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
Qtotal 18 µC Consider the two cases shown below. In Case
Vab = = = 6 V.
Cab 3 µF One two identical capacitors are connected to
a battery with emf V . In Case Two, a di-
012 10.0 points electric slab with dielectric constant κ fills the
gap of capacitor C2 . Let C be the resultant
When the switch is in position a, an iso- capacitance for Case One and C ′ the resul-
lated capacitor of unknown capacitance has tant capacitance for Case Two.
been charged to a potential difference of 94 V.
When the switch is moved to position b, this
charged capacitor is then connected parallel Case One
to the uncharged 14.9 µF capacitor. The volt- C1 C2
age across the combination becomes 34 V.
14.9 µF

C1
S b
a V
94 V

Case Two
C1 C′ 2
Calculate the unknown capacitance.

Correct answer: 8.44333 µF.

κ
Explanation:

Let : V1 = 94 V ,
V2 = 34 V and V
C2 = 14.9 µF .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 6

′
C12 V2′ 1+κ
The ratio of the resultant capacitances is 3. = .
C12 V2 2
′
C12 2κ
1. = . correct 4. None of these.
C12 1+κ
′
C12 1+κ V2′
2. = . 5. = κ.
C12 2κ V2
′
C12 1+κ V′ 2κ
3. = . 6. 2 = .
C12 2 V2 1+κ
′
C12 2 Explanation:
4. = . For Case One,
C12 1+κ
′
C12
5. = κ. Q2 V C12 V
C12 V2 = = = .
C2 C2 2
6. None of these.
For Case Two,
Explanation:
Q′2 ′
V C12
Let : C1 = C2 = C and V2′ = =
C2′ C2′
C2′ = κ C2 = κ C , κC
V 1+κ V
where κ is dielectric constant. = = .
κC 1+κ
V = constant. C1 and C2 are in series, so
Therefore
1 1 1 C2 + C1 V2′ 2
= + = = .
C12 C1 C2 C1 C2 V2 1+κ
C1 C2
C12 = .
C1 + C2 015 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
For Case One, U′
The ratio of total energy stored in the
U
C1 C2 C2 C capacitors for the two cases is
C12 = = = .
C1 + C2 2C 2
U′ 2κ
For Case Two, 1. = . correct
U 1+κ
C1 C2′ κ C2 κC U′ 2
′
C12 = = = . 2. = .
C1 + C2 ′ (1 + κ) C 1+κ U 1+κ
U′ 1+κ
Therefore 3. = .
′
C12 2κ U 2κ
= .
C12 1+κ 4. None of these

014 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points U′

5. = κ.
V′ U
The ratio 2 of potential differences across
V2 U′ 1+κ
capacitor C2 for the two cases is 6. = .
U 2
V2′ 1+κ Explanation:
1. = . For Case One,
V2 2κ
V′ 2 1
2. 2 = . correct U= C12 V 2 .
V2 1+κ 2
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 7
For Case Two, If ρ2 = ρ1 , r2 = 2 r1 , ℓ2 = 3 ℓ1 , and V2 =
R2
1 ′ V1 , find the ratio of the resistances.
U′ = C12 V 2 . R1
2
R2
Therefore 1. =2
R1
U′ C′ 2κ R2 1
= 12 = . 2. =
U C12 1+κ R1 4
R2
3. =3
016 10.0 points R1
21
If 5.5 × 10 electrons pass through a 40 Ω R2 3
resistor in 7 min, what is the potential dif- 4. =
R1 2
ference across the resistor? The fundamental R2 3
charge is 1.602 × 10−19 C . 5. = correct
R1 4
Correct answer: 83.9143 V. R2 2
6. =
R1 3
Explanation:
R2
7. =4
R1
Let : n = 5.5 × 1021 , R2 1
8. =
∆t = 7 min , R1 3
R = 40 Ω , and R2 1
9. =
e = 1.602 × 10−19 C . R1 2
∆Q R2 4
The current is defined as I = . Since 10. =
∆t R1 3
each electron carries a charge of e, Explanation:
ne ρℓ ρℓ ℓ
I= R= = 2
∝ 2 when ρ1 = ρ2 , so
∆t A πr r
2 (3 ℓ1) r12
5.5 × 1021 (1.602 × 10−19 C) 1 min


R2 ℓ 2 r1 3
 
= = 2 = 2
= .
7 min 60 s R1 ℓ 1 r2 ℓ1 (2 r1) 4
= 2.09786 A
018 10.0 points
and from Ohm’s Law, Birds resting on high-voltage power lines are
a common sight. The copper wire on which a
V = I R = (2.09786 A)(40 Ω) = 83.9143 V . bird stands is 1.69 cm in diameter and carries
a current of 12 A.
If the bird’s feet are 4.73 cm apart, what
017 10.0 points is the potential difference across its body?
Consider two cylindrical conductors made of Copper’s resistivity is 1.68 × 10−8 Ω m .
the same ohmic material.
I2 Correct answer: 42.5097 µV.
I 1 ~E 2
~E 1 V2 Explanation:
V1
b Let : r = 0.845 cm = 0.00845 m ,
b
ℓ1 ℓ2 I = 12 A ,
r1
L = 4.73 cm = 0.0473 m , and
r2
ρ = 1.68 × 10−8 Ω m .
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 8
The resistance of the wire between the feet Find the resistance of the wire after it is
ρL stretched.
is R = so the potential is
A
Correct answer: 23.6196 R.
I ρL
∆V = I R = Explanation:
A
(12 A) (1.68 × 10−8 Ω m) (0.0473 m)
= Let : ℓ′ = 4.86 ℓ .
π (0.00845 m)2
V 1
106 µV A= ∝ when V = V ′ , so
× ℓ ℓ
V
= 42.5097 µV . A ℓ′ Nℓ
= = =N.
A ′ ℓ ℓ
ρℓ ℓ
019 10.0 points R= ∝ when ρ = ρ′ , so
A carbon rod with a radius of 1.5 mm is used A A
to make a resistor. R′ ℓ′ A Nℓ
What length of the carbon rod should be = = N = N 2 = (4.86)2
R ℓ A ′ ℓ
used to make a 6.7 Ω resistor? The resistivity ′
R = 23.6196 R .
of this material is 7.3 × 10−5 Ω · m .

Correct answer: 648.76 mm. 021 10.0 points

Explanation: Which of the following copper conductor con-
ditions has the least resistance?

Let : r = 1.5 mm = 0.0015 m , 1. Thick, long, and cool

ρ = 7.3 × 10−5 Ω · m , and
R = 6.7 Ω . 2. Thick, short, and cool correct

The cross-sectional area of the rod is 3. Thin, short, and cool

A = π r 2 = π(0.0015 m)2 4. Thin, long, and cool
= 7.06858 × 10−6 m2 and
5. Thick, short, and hot

ρℓ 6. Thick, long, and hot

R=
A
AR 7. Thin, long, and hot
ℓ=
ρ
(7.06858 × 10−6 m2 )(6.7 Ω) 103 mm 8. Thin, short, and hot
= ·
7.3 × 10−5 Ω · m 1m Explanation:
The resistance R of a conductor is deter-
= 648.76 mm .
mined by the resistivity ρ, cross-sectional area
A and length ℓ:
020 10.0 points ℓ
A wire with a circular cross section and a re- R=ρ .
A
sistance R is lengthened to 4.86 times its orig-
inal length by pulling it through a small hole. Thus we need smaller ρ and ℓ and larger A. A
The total volume of the wire is unchanged. cool copper conductor has a lower resistivity
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790)
than a hot one does, namely a smaller ρ . A
thicker conductor means a larger A . A short
conductor gives a smaller ℓ.
022 10.0 points
A 112 V electric iron draws 4.35 A of current.
How much heat is developed per hour?
Correct answer: 1.75392 × 106 J.
Explanation:
9
Therefore the 986 W bulb has the lower resis-
tance filament of 14.6045 Ω.
024 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
A high voltage transmission line with a resis-
tance of 0.45 Ω/km carries a current of 771 A.
The line is at a potential of 1300 kV at the
power station and carries the current to a city
located 184 km from the power station.
What is the power loss due to resistance in
the line?

Let : V = 112 V and Correct answer: 49.2197 MW.

I = 4.35 A .
Explanation:
Power is
E
P = Let : I = 771 A ,
t
E = P t = (I V ) t ρ = 0.45 Ω/km , and
 
3600 s ℓ = 184 km .
= (4.35 A) (112 V) (1 hr)
1 hr
The power loss is
= 1.75392 × 106 J .
Pl = I 2 R
023 10.0 points = I2 ρ ℓ
A 986 W bulb and a 493 W bulb are both = (771 A)2 (0.45 Ω/km) (184 km)
designed to operate at standard household 1 MW
voltage of 120 V. × 6
10 W
Determine which bulb has the lower fila-
ment resistance and then calculate the value = 49.2197 MW .
of its resistance.

Correct answer: 14.6045 Ω. 025 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

What fraction of the transmitted power does
Explanation:
this loss represent?

Let : P1 = 986 W , Correct answer: 4.91068%.

P2 = 493 W , and Explanation:
V = 120 V .
V2 V2
Since P = ,R= and the smaller fil- Let : V = 1.3 × 106 V and
R P
ament resistance occurs with the larger power, I = 771 A .
which is
(120 V)2 The transmitted power is
R= = 14.6045 Ω .
986 W
The other resistance is PT = V I
(120 V)2 = (1.3 × 106 V) (771 A)
R= = 29.2089 Ω . = 1.0023 × 109 W ,
493 W
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 05 – yao – (54790) 10
so the ratio of power loss to power transmitted
is
Pl 4.92197 × 107 W
= × 100 %
PT 1.0023 × 109 W
= 4.91068% .