douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 1

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001 10.0 points

A flat coil of wire consisting of 28 turns, each
with an area of 46 cm2 , is positioned perpen-
dicularly to a uniform magnetic field that in- If it takes 0.17 s to close the loop, find the
creases its magnitude at a constant rate from magnitude of the average induced emf in it
3.2 T to 8.6 T in 5.5 s. If the coil has a total during this time.
resistance of 0.63 Ω, what is the magnitude of
the induced current? Correct answer: 161.463 mV.
Explanation:
Correct answer: 0.200727 A.
Explanation:
Let : N = 1,
ri = 16 cm = 0.16 m ,
d ΦB
E =− Af = 0.002 m2 ,
Zdt B = 0.35 T ,
ΦB = N ~ · dA
B ~
∆t = 0.17 s , and
=N BA θ = 0◦ .
N A (B2 − B1 )
|E| = The change of the area which the flux pen-
t
|E| etrates is
I=
R
N A (B2 − B1 ) ∆A = Af − Ai = Af − πri2
=
Rt = 0.002 m2 − π (0.16 m)2
= 0.200727 A . = −0.0784248 m2 ,

so the average induced emf hEi is

keywords: ∆A B (cos θ)
hEi = −N
∆t
002 10.0 points −N B (cos θ) ∆A
=
A flexible loop of conducting wire has a radius ∆t
of 16 cm and is in a magnetic field of strength = −(1) (0.35 T) (cos 0◦ )
of 0.35 T . −0.0784248 m2 103 mV
× ·
0.17 s V
= 161.463 mV .

003 10.0 points

A copper bar has a constant velocity in the
plane of the paper and perpendicular to a
The loop is grasped at opposite ends and magnetic field pointed into the plane of the
stretched until it closes to an area of 0.002 m2 . paper.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 2
is directed into the paper. The separation
B between the rails is 4 m . An applied force
moves the bar to the left at a constant speed
v of 2 m/s .

B 7T

m≪1 g
If the bar is moving from right to left (⇐), 2 m/s

4m

9Ω
I
how are charges distributed on the bar?

1. The top will be negative and the bottom

will be positive. correct 7T

2. The top will be positive and the bottom

will be negative.
3. Both the top and bottom of the bar will
be positive.
4. Both the top and bottom of the bar will
be negative.
Explanation:
Positive charges will move in the direction
of the magnetic force, while negative charges
move in the opposite direction.
The right-hand rule with F~ = q ~v × B
~ pro-
duces a force on positive charges such that the
positive charges in the conductor experience
downward magnetic forces while the negative
charges in the conductor experience upward
magnetic forces leaving the charge separation
shown in the figure below.
−
− FB = I ℓ B = (6.22222 A)(4 m)(7 T)
B
v
F F
+ B
+
The top will be negative and the bottom
will be positive.
004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
In the arrangement shown in the figure,
the resistor is 9 Ω and a 7 T magnetic field
Calculate the applied force required to
move the bar to the left at a constant speed of
2 m/s. Assume the bar and rails have negligi-
ble resistance and friction. Neglect the mass
of the bar.
Correct answer: 174.222 N.
Explanation:
The motional emf induced in the circuit is
E = B ℓ v = (7 T) (4 m) (2 m/s)
= 56 V .
From Ohm’s law, the current flowing through
the resistor is
E 56 V
I= = = 6.22222 A ,
R 9Ω
so the magnitude of the force exerted on the
bar due to the magnetic field is
= 174.222 N .
To maintain the motion of the bar, a force
must be applied on the bar to balance the
magnetic force
F = FB = 174.222 N .
005 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points
At what rate is energy dissipated in the resis-
tor?
Correct answer: 348.444 W.
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 3
Explanation:
The power dissipated in the resistor is M gR
9. v∞ =
ℓ2 B
P = I 2 R = (6.22222 A)2 (9 Ω)
M g R2
= 348.444 W . 10. v∞ = 2 2
ℓ B
Explanation:
006 10.0 points From Lenz’s law the magnetic force opposes
A bar of negligible resistance and mass m in the motion of the bar. When the wire acquires
the figure below is pulled horizontally across steady-state speed, the gravitational force Fg
frictionless parallel rails, also of negligible re- is counter-balanced by the magnetic force Fm .
sistance, by a massless string that passes over m
an ideal pulley and is attached to a suspended a
mass M . The uniform magnetic field has a
magnitude B, and the distance between the T
ℓ Fm
rails is ℓ. The rails are connected at one end R
by a load resistor R.
m T
B a Fg B B B B
M
ℓ
R

M Fg = Fm
B B B B B B B M g = ℓI B
a Mg
I= .
ℓB
What is the magnitude of the terminal ve-
locity (i.e., the eventual steady-state speed dΦ
The induced emf is E = − . Applying
v∞ ) reached by the bar? The acceleration dt
Ohm’s law,
due to gravity is g.
M gR |E| 1 dΦ 1 dA
1. v∞ = I= = = B .
ℓ B2 R R dt R dt
M 2 g 2 R2 Since Φ = B A ,
2. v∞ =
ℓ2 B 2
dΦ dA
M g R2 |E| = =B = Bℓv,
3. v∞ = dt dt
ℓ2 B
M g R2 so for a terminal velocity of v∞ ,
4. v∞ =
ℓ B2 B ℓ v∞ Mg
M 2 g2 R I= =
5. v∞ = R ℓB
ℓB M gR
v∞ = 2 2 .
M gR ℓ B
6. v∞ =
ℓB
M gR 007 10.0 points
7. v∞ = correct
ℓ2 B 2 In the figure shown, the magnet is first moved
M g R2 downward toward the loop of wire, then with-
8. v∞ = drawn upward from the loop of wire.
ℓB
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 4
Two coils are suspended around a central
N axis as shown in the figure below. One coil
down is connected to a resistor with ends labeled a
then and b. The other coil is connected to a battery
up
S E. The coils are moving relative to each other
Counter- as indicated by the velocity vectors v.
Clockwise clockwise Use Lenz’s law to answer the following ques-
induced I tion concerning the direction of induced cur-
current I induced
current rents and magnetic fields.
− +
As viewed from above, the induced current
in the loop is E a R b

1. for both cases clockwise with decreasing

magnitude.

2. for both cases counterclockwise with de-

creasing magnitude.
v v
3. for both cases counterclockwise with in- The direction of the magnetic field in the
creasing magnitude. coil with the battery attached is
A1: from right to left (⇐= Bprimary ).
4. for both cases clockwise with increasing A2: from left to right (Bprimary =⇒).
magnitude. The direction of the induced magnetic field
in the coil with the resistor attached is
5. first clockwise, then counter-clockwise. B1: from right to left (⇐= Binduced ).
correct B2: from left to right (Binduced =⇒).
The direction of the induced current in re-
6. first counter-clockwise, then clockwise. sistor R is
C1: from b through R to a (← I).
Explanation: C2: from a through R to b (I →).
From Ohm’s law and Faraday’s law, the Choose the appropriate answer.
V 1 dΦ
current in magnitude is I = = − , 1. A1, B2, C1
R R dt
where Φ is the magnetic flux through the loop.
We know the sign of the rate of change of the 2. A2, B1, C2
magnetic flux is changed when the magnet is
withdrawn upward, as is the current direction 3. A2, B2, C1
according to the above eqaution.
Using the right-hand-rule and from Lenz’s 4. A1, B1, C1
law, we know that when the magnet is
first moved downward toward the loop of 5. A1, B2, C2
wire, then withdrawn upward from the
loop of wire, the current in the loop 6. A2, B1, C1
is first clockwise, then counter-clockwise , as
viewed from above. 7. A2, B2, C2

008 10.0 points 8. A1, B1, C2 correct

Explanation:
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790)
A1 & A2: The helical coil with the battery
attached (when viewed from either end) is
wound clockwise (as you go into the coil).
Using the right-hand rule, the magnetic flux
through the coil with the battery attached has
a magnetic field direction right to left.
B1 & B2: The induced magnetic field
depends on whether the flux is increasing or
decreasing.
− +
5
Which of the five graphs correctly shows
the induced current i in the loop as a function
of time t? In the graphs, a positive value for
i indicates a counterclockwise current and a
negative value indicates a clockwise current.
1.

E a R b

2.

Bprimary Binduced
The magnetic flux through the coil is from
right to left. When the coils are moving
towards each other, the magnetic flux through
the coil with the attached resistor increases. 3.
The induced current in the coil must pro-
duce an induced magnetic field from right
to left (⇐= Binduced ) to resist any change of
magnetic flux in the coil (Lenz’s Law).
C1 & C2: The helical coil with the resistor
attached (when viewed from either end) is
wound clockwise (as you go into the coil).
4.
Since the induced field is right to left
(⇐= Binduced ) the induced current in the coil
flows clockwise when viewing the coil from
the right-hand side, so the current flows from
a through R to b (I −→).

009 10.0 points

A square loop of wire moves with a constant
speed v from a field-free region, through a 5.
region of constant magnetic field, and back
into a field-free region.

correct

Explanation:
Initially the loop is moving through the
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790)
field-free region so the magnetic flux passing
through the loop has a constant value of zero.
A constant flux means that no current is in-
duced.
Similarly, when the loop is completely in-
side the field region, the flux through it is
simply BA, which is also constant. So the
induced current is zero then, too.
As the loop enters the field, the flux through
the loop is increasing. Let the width of the
loop be w. Then
∆ΦB Bw∆x
|Eind | = = 0
∆t ∆t
= Bwv,
where v is velocity (∆x/∆t = v). This
result is a constant, since B is held fixed, w is
just the width of the loop, and v is given to
be constant in the problem. Therefore, while
the loop is entering the field, the value of
the induced current is constant. The induced
current acts in such a way to create a magnetic
field that opposes the change in flux. In
this case, the flux is increasing (from nothing
to something) so the induced current creates
a magnetic field that opposes the external
magnetic field. This is accomplished with
counterclockwise current (right hand rule).
Finally, as the loop exits the field, the flux
through the loop decreases (from something
to nothing). The induced current will create a
magnetic field to oppose this change in flux so
the induced current creates a magnetic field
that points into the page (same as the external
magnetic field). This is accomplished with a
clockwise current (right hand rule).
Thus we are left with
as our answer.
010 10.0 points
6
A rectangular conducting loop of wire is ap-
proximately half-way into a magnetic field B
(out of the page) and is free to move.
Suppose the magnetic field B begins to de-
crease rapidly in strength.
B B
a c
b d
B B
x0
What happens to the loop?
1. The loop will rotate.
2. The loop is pushed upward, towards the
top of the page.
3. The loop is pushed to the left, toward the
magnetic field. correct
4. The loop is pushed to the right, away
from the magnetic field.
5. The loop doesn’t move.
6. The loop is pushed downward, towards
the bottom of the page.
Explanation:
Magnetic flux is defined as:
~ ·A
Φ=B ~
~ · A]
Φtotal = N Φ = N [B ~
The flux is decreasing in the loop. To
oppose this decrease, the induced magnetic
field needs to point out of the page. This
requires a counter-clockwise induced current
(a down to b). Using the right-hand rule, the
magnetic force on the current in the left edge
of the loop is to the left, toward the field.
The magnetic forces on the top and bottom
segments of the loop are in opposite directions
and cancel each other.
011 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 7
In an AC electric generator, a rigid loop of field is varying because the loop is rotating.
wire rotates in an external magnetic field. Therefore, the magnetic flux is proportional
Say the loop is positioned as shown at time to the loop area which has the time depen-
t = 0. dence of cos(ωt) in this case. In other words,
waterfall N S the current should have the same time depen-
dent form as the time derivative of cos ωt, i.e.,
A i(t) ∝ sin ωt .

012 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

The AC generator consists of N = 6 turns of
wire each of area A = 0.11 m2 and total resis-
sliding contacts tance 9.07 Ω. The loop rotates in a magnetic
Which graph best represents the induced field B = 0.663 T at a constant frequency of
current i(t) at later times? 72.8 Hz.
Take i > 0 for current flowing in direction Find the maximum induced emf.
shown by arrows.
Correct answer: 200.156 V.
i Explanation:

1.
~t Let : N = 6 turns ,
0
A = 0.11 m2 ,
B = 0.663 T ,
R = 9.07 Ω , and
correct
f = 72.8 Hz .
i Faraday’s Law for solenoid:
d ΦB
E = −N · .
2. dt
V
Ohm’s Law: I =
~t R
First note that
0
ω = 2πf
= 2 π (72.8 Hz )
i
= 457.416 rad/s .
3. Using Faraday’s Law (Equation above) with
~t
0 the appropriate numerical values gives
Emax = N A B ω
= (6 turns) (0.11 m2 )
× (0.663 T) (457.416 rad/s)
Explanation: = 200.156 V .
The current is proportional to the time
derivative of magnetic flux through the loop.
The magnetic field is constant in this case but 013 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
the loop area perpendicular to the magnetic What is the maximum induced current?
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790)
Correct answer: 22.0679 a.
Explanation:
From Ohm’s Law and the results to part
(a), we find that the maximum induced cur-
rent is
Emax
Imax =
R the arrow in the sketch.
200.156 V
= Explanation:
9.07 Ω
= 22.0679 a .
keywords:
014 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points
A pendulum consists of a supporting rod and
a metal plate (see figure). The rod is pivoted
at O. The metal plate swings through a
region of magnetic field. Consider the case
where the pendulum is entering the magnetic
field region from the left.
O
ent
er
The direction of the circulating eddy cur-
rent in the plate is
1. counter-clockwise.
2. clockwise. correct
Explanation:
Using the right-hand rule the circulating
eddy current in the plate is clockwise.
015 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points
The direction of the induced magnetic field at
the center of the circulating eddy current is
1. along the rod away from O.
8
2. out of the paper.
3. along the rod toward O.
4. into the paper. correct
5. parallel to the direction of motion; i.e.,
Because the magnetic field is pointing out
of the paper, the induced flux of the portion of
the plate entering the magnetic region should
be into the paper. Hence, by the right hand
rule, the induced current is clockwise.
O
FB
i
ent
er
016 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points
The direction of the force which the magnetic
field exerts is
1. along the direction of swing.
2. along the rod toward the pivot point.
3. opposite to the direction of swing. cor-
rect
4. into the paper.
5. out of the paper.
Explanation:
Because the magnetic field only exerts a
force on the current segment already in the
magnetic field region, the net magnetic force
is opposite to the direction of swing, see the
figure in the explanation of the previous Part.
017 10.0 points
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 9
A coil has an inductance of 2.8 mH, and the The simplest method of solution is to set
current through it changes from 0.3 A to 2 A the sum of the voltages around the circuit to
in 0.22 s. 0. Then
Find the magnitude of the average induced
emf in the coil during this period. VL = E − VR = E − I R
= 240 V − (0.033 A) (4000 Ω)
Correct answer: 21.6364 mV. = 108 V .
Explanation:

019 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points

∆I
E =L
∆t   An inductor and a resistor are connected
2 A − 0.3 A with a double pole switch to a battery as
= (0.0028 H)
0.22 s shown in the figure.
= 0.0216364 V = 21.6364 mV . The switch has been in position b for a long
period of time.

018 10.0 points

2.32 Ω 179 mH S b
At times prior to t = 0, the switch is open.
The switch is closed at t = 0. a
6.6 V
4 kΩ 12 mH

If the switch is thrown from position b

240 V to position a (connecting the battery), how
S
much time elapses before the current reaches
I 133 mA?

Correct answer: 3.69416 ms.

When I = 33 mA, what is the potential
difference across the inductor? Explanation:

Correct answer: 108 V.

Let : R = 2.32 Ω ,
Explanation: L = 179 mH , and
E = 6.6 V .
Let : R = 4 kΩ = 4000 Ω ,
L = 12 mH = 0.012 H , and
E = 240 V . R L S b
a
R L E

E
S The time constant of an RL circuit is
I
L 0.179 H
τ= = = 0.0771552 s .
R 2.32 Ω
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 10
The final current reached in the circuit is The time t3 that elapses for the current to fall
to I3 = 0.113 A is
E 6.6 V
I0 = = = 2.84483 A .
R 2.32 Ω
 
I3
The switch is in position a in an RL circuit t3 = −τ ln
I0
connected to a battery at t = 0 when I = 0; 
0.113 A

then = −(0.0771552 s) ln
  2.84483 A
I = I0 1 − e−t/τ = 248.893 ms .
 
I1
t1 = −τ ln 1 −
I0
  022 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points
0.133 A
= −(0.0771552 s) ln 1 −
2.84483 A Consider the circuit shown.
= 3.69416 ms .
R

020 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points

What is the maximum current in the inductor R P L
a long time after the switch is in position a?
E
Correct answer: 2.84483 A. S
Explanation:
After a long time compared to τ , we have a What is the instantaneous current at point
dc circuit with a battery supplying an emf E, P immediately after the switch is closed?
which is equal to the voltage drop I R across
the resistor and 1. IP (0) = 0 correct
E 6.6 V
I= = = 2.84483 A . 4E
R 2.32 Ω 2. IP (0) =
R
2E
021 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points 3. IP (0) =
R
The switch has brushes within it so that the
switch can be thrown from a to b without E
4. IP (0) =
internal sparking. Now the switch is smoothly R
thrown from a to b, shorting the inductor and EL
5. IP (0) =
resistor. 2R
How much time elapses before the current E
falls to 113 mA? 6. IP (0) =
RL
E
Correct answer: 248.893 ms. 7. IP (0) =
2R
Explanation: 3E
The current decay in an RL circuit when 8. IP (0) =
R
there is no voltage source present, and the 16 E
initial current is I0 , is 9. IP (0) =
R
I = I0 e−t /τ 8E
10. IP (0) =
R
 
I
t = −τ ln .
I0 Explanation:
 douglas (jed3339) – Homework 08 – yao – (54790) 11
The current in L has to change gradually,
so immediately after the switch is closed, no
current flows through point P.

023 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points

When the switch has been closed for a long
time, what is the energy stored in the induc-
tor?
LE
1. UL =
32 R
LE
2. UL =
4R
LE
3. UL =
3R
LE
4. UL =
2R
LE
5. UL =
16 R
L R2
6. UL =
2 E2
L E2
7. UL =
4 R2
E 2 R2
8. UL =
4L
LE
9. UL =
8R
L E2
10. UL = correct
2 R2
Explanation:
After the switch has been closed for a
long time, the current in L does not change
any more, so there is no voltage increase or
decrease across L. Therefore, the current
E
through L is I = , with an energy of
R
1 L E2
UL = L I2 = .
2 2 R2