Chemistry formula rules.

*********************NOT SURE IF THIS FIRST PART IS ON THE TEST********************

Written to Formula
(Always remember to reduce if necessary)
If:

In Column 1A or 2A find the charge of both elements, and criss-cross.

A transition metal (except for gold, silver aluminum, or zinc) the Roman numeral
is the charge. Find the charge of the first element, and the second, then
criss-cross

Both elements are to the right of the step, find the prefix, and them that is how
many of that element that there are

The first or second thing is a poly, write the formula, and then cross the charge of
the poly and the other item. If the poly needs to have a more than one, them
remember the parens.

Formula to Written
If:
(If u reverse cross, then u don’t need to write the charge)
1. In Column 1A or 2A reverse criss-cross.

2. A transition metal (except for gold, silver aluminum, or zinc) the Roman
numeral is the charge. Reverse criss cross the subscripts, and the number for
the transition, if one, becomes a roman numeral.

3. Both elements are to the right of the step, find the subscripts, and those are
what the prefix corresponds to.

4. The first or second thing is a poly, write down both the parts, unless a
transition then refer to #2.

Dot Structures

If in |A, ||A , |||A or polys

You need:
Brackets and the charge
1. Add all of the electrons, (The amount of electrons is the column number)
2. Place the elements in brackets Negitive to Possitive, and vise versa, Remember: 2
positives, or 2 negatives can never touch each other.
3. Place all of the electrons on the negative element
4. FYI if it is a poly, then the WHOLE poly goes in brackets.
5. Create the poly, place it in brackets w/ charge, and then bond it to the other elements.

If in |V V V|| or V||
1. Add all the electrons, find them the same way as before.
2. Check how many bonds the element can have (the charge)
3. Connect all of the Elements together with single bonds
4. (This part varies from person to person) I place electrons until all of the elements
have 8, unless its hydrogen. (this is by no means the only way so do it)
5. Count all of your electrons, REMEMBER: bonds count as 2
6. Check to see if you have too many bonds on a element.
7. If you need to, remove lone pairs, and add doubles, or triples, REMEMBER: Don’t
add too many bonds.

To find the electronegativity.

1. Go to the electronegativity table on the back of the pink periodic table.
2. Find the difference of the negativity. E1= Element E2 = Element 2 D = difference
D= |E1-E2|
3. If it is:
a. 0-0.3 then it is non polar covalent
b. 0.4- 1.6 polar covalent
c. 1.7 on, ionic

To find polarity:
After the dot structure is complete,
Check the balancing of the electrons horizontally and vertically.
if:
It the electrons are balanced both ways then it is Non polar, If un-balanced, then it is
polar.

Shapes

|a-||a-Linear
|||a-Planar
|Va-Tetrahedral
Va-Pyramidal
V|a-Bent