$'HYHORSPHQW$UFKLWHFWXUHIRUWKH,QWHOOLJHQW$QLPDO&DUHDQG0DQDJHPHQW

6\VWHP%DVHGRQWKH,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJVDQG$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH

<X+XHL&KHQJ
Department of Information and Communication Engineering,
Chaoyang University of Technology
Taichung, Taiwan
yuhuei.cheng@gmail.com

Abstract—The zoo is a local facility where some wild or exotic DQLPDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVPXVWEHSURILFLHQWLQWRROVDQGUHDOWLPH

animals are placed in a fence. The main significance of the zoo is
to provide educational and animal conservation functions, and
secondly to provide public viewing and entertainment. Animal
care and management in the zoo is almost open all year round.
Its basic tasks include accommodation, breeding, health care, and
medical care etc. Because there are nearly hundreds, thousands,
or even ten thousands animals with different body shape and
characteristics in the zoo that need to be cared for and managed,
animal administrators must be skilled in various tools and real
time control the condition of all animals, resulting in the heavy
workload of the animal administrators and the huge operating
expenses of the zoo. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to
reduce the workload of the animal administrators, but also to
immediately control the current state of the animals, while saving
animal care and management expenses. This study proposes a
FRQWURO WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI DOO DQLPDOV FUHDWHV D KHDY\ ZRUNORDG
IRUDQLPDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVDQGDKXJHRSHUDWLQJH[SHQVHIRUWKH
]RR,QYLHZRIWKLVWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIPRGHUQLQIRUPDWLRQDQG
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WHFKQRORJ\ ZLOO KHOS VROYH WKLV SUREOHP
&XUUHQWO\RQWKHPDUNHWLQIRUPDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\SURGXFWVKDYH
EHHQDYDLODEOHEDVHGRQ,R7WHFKQRORJ\IRUWKHFDUHRIDQLPDO
FDWVDQGGRJVWKDWDUHFORVHVWWRKXPDQV
/XFN\ 7DJ VPDUW FROODU >@ ZDV SURSRVHG E\ 7DLZDQHVH
$LU\]RQHQZKLFKKDVWKHIXQFWLRQRIWUDFNLQJSHWDFWLYLWLHVDQG
KHDOWK PRQLWRULQJ DQG DOVR KDV WKH IXQFWLRQ RI PLVVLQJ DQG
VHDUFKLQJ%\REVHUYLQJWKHORQJWHUPWUHQGRISHWV/XFN\7DJ
DOORZV RZQHUV WR GHWHFW FKDQJHV LQ DFWLYLW\ HDUO\ DQG VHHN
SURIHVVLRQDO PHGLFDO DVVLVWDQFH 5HFHQWO\ WKH <DPDWR =RR LQ
6DSSRUR -DSDQ LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK +RNNDLGR 8QLYHUVLW\
development architecture for the intelligent animal management
system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial
intelligence (AI). Its main purpose is to automate some tedious
procedures for caring animals through the IoT and AI to help
animal administrators to take care of them and manage them
more systematically.
Keywords—zoo, animal care and management, internet of
things, artificial intelligence, automation
, ,1752'8&7,21
7KHUHDUH]RRVLQPDQ\ELJFLWLHVLQWKHZRUOG7KH]RRLVD
SODFHZKHUHVRPHZLOGRUH[RWLFDQLPDOVDUHSODFHGLQIHQFHV
7KH PDLQ SXUSRVH RI WKH HVWDEOLVKPHQW LV WR SURYLGH
HGXFDWLRQDOSXUSRVHVDQGDQLPDOFRQVHUYDWLRQDQGVHFRQGO\WR
SURYLGH SXEOLF YLHZLQJ DQG HQWHUWDLQPHQW $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH
$VVRFLDWLRQ RI =RRV DQG $TXDULXPV WKHUH DUH PRUH WKDQ 
EHJDQ WR XVH DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH $, V\VWHPV WR DQDO\]H
DQLPDO EHKDYLRU SDWWHUQV WKURXJK LPDJH UHFRJQLWLRQ LPSURYH
DQLPDO VXSSRUW HQYLURQPHQW DQG HIIHFWLYHO\ PRQLWRU DQLPDO
KHDOWK >@ $ WHDP RI UHVHDUFKHUV IURP +DUYDUG 8QLYHUVLW\
$XEXUQ8QLYHUVLW\WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI:\RPLQJWKH8QLYHUVLW\
RI2[IRUGDQGWKH8QLYHUVLW\RI0LQQHVRWDSURYHGWKDWWKH$,
WHFKQRORJ\FDQEHXVHGWRLGHQWLI\DQLPDOLPDJHVFDSWXUHGE\
PRWLRQVHQVLQJ FDPHUDV >@ 7KH\ KDYH XVHG 6QDSVKRW
6HUHQJHWL GDWDVHWV WKDW KDYH GHHS OHDUQLQJ WR LGHQWLI\ 
PLOOLRQ ZLOGOLIH SKRWRV UHFRJQL]LQJ WKDW WKH LGHQWLILFDWLRQ
DFFXUDF\RIVSHFLHVKDVUHDFKHGDQGKDVVDYHGPRUH
WKDQ  \HDUV LQ FDOFXODWLQJ WLPH FRPSDUHG WR FURZGVRXUFHG
WHDPVRIKXPDQYROXQWHHUV>@
$OWKRXJK $, WHFKQRORJ\ >@ KHOSV XV WR LGHQWLI\ DQG
DQDO\]H DQLPDO EHKDYLRU SDWWHUQV DQG VSHFLHV WKHUH DUH VWLOO
PDQ\ SUHZRUNHUV WR FDUU\ RXW LQ LQWHOOLJHQW DQLPDO FDUH DQG
PLOOLRQYLVLWRUVD\HDULQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI$PHULFD86$
PRUH WKDQ WKH DQQXDO DWWHQGDQFH RI 1)/ 1%$ 1+/ DQG
0/%,QDGGLWLRQDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVXUYH\UHVXOWVDJUHHG
WKDW WKHLU IDPLOLHV OLNH WR VHH DQLPDOV LQ ]RRV DQG DTXDULXPV
 EHOLHYH WKDW ]RRV DQG DTXDULXPV WHDFK FKLOGUHQ KRZ WR
SURWHFW DQLPDOV DQG WKH KDELWDWV WKH\ GHSHQG RQ 
FRPSDQLHVWKDWVXSSRUW]RRDQGDTXDULXPZLOGOLIHFRQVHUYDWLRQ
IHHOEHWWHURIUHVSRQGHQWVDUHPRUHOLNHO\WREX\SURGXFWV
DQG VHUYLFHV IURP WKHVH FRPSDQLHV >@ +RZHYHU EHIRUH
JHWWLQJ WKH EHQHILWV RI WKHVH ]RRV ZH VKRXOG FRQVLGHU WKH
DQLPDO FDUH DQG PDQDJHPHQW EHKLQG WKHP 'LIIHUHQW ]RRV
GHSHQGLQJRQWKHVL]HRIWKHLUSODFHPD\KDYHQHDUO\KXQGUHGV
WKRXVDQGV RU HYHQ WHQ WKRXVDQGV DQLPDOV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW ERG\
VKDSH DQG FKDUDFWHULVWLFV QHHG WR EH FDUHG IRU DQG PDQDJHG
‹,((( 
PDQDJHPHQW :LWK WKH ,R7 WHFKQRORJ\ >@ DQG D ODUJH
QXPEHURIDQLPDOEHKDYLRUSDWWHUQVFROOHFWHGWREXLOGDVRXQG
VHQVLQJ HQYLURQPHQW DQG GDWDEDVH LW LV H[SHFWHG WR DFKLHYH
LQWHOOLJHQWDQLPDOFDUHDQGPDQDJHPHQW7KHUHIRUHWKLVVWXG\
LV WKH ILUVW WR SURSRVH D GHYHORSPHQW DUFKLWHFWXUH IRU WKH
LQWHOOLJHQW DQLPDO PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP EDVHG RQ WKH ,R7 DQG
$, ,WV PDLQ SXUSRVH LV WR DXWRPDWH VRPH WHGLRXV SURFHGXUHV
IRU FDULQJ DQLPDOV WKURXJK WKH ,R7 DQG $, WR KHOS DQLPDO
DGPLQLVWUDWRUV EHFRPH PRUH V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ FDUH DQG
PDQDJHPHQWRIDQLPDOV7KHSURSRVHGDUFKLWHFWXUHLVH[SHFWHG
WRDFKLHYHWKHIROORZLQJJRDOV
• $XWRPDWHIHHGLQJDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOFRQWUROWRSURYLGH
DEHWWHUOLYLQJHQYLURQPHQWDQGTXDOLW\IRU]RRDQLPDOV
,&$,,&
 )LJ7KHGHYHORSPHQWDUFKLWHFWXUHIRUWKHLQWHOOLJHQWDQLPDOFDUHDQGPDQDJHPHQWV\VWHPEDVHGRQWKH,QWHUQHWRI7KLQJVDQGDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFH
• $OORZ DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRUV WR WDNH FDUH RI DQLPDOV
PRUHHIILFLHQWO\DQGUHGXFHWKHZRUNORDG
• ,PSURYH WKH PDQDJHPHQW PRGHO RI ]RRV ZLWK ,R7 DQG
$,GHHSOHDUQLQJWHFKQRORJ\ZKLFKZLOOUHGXFHWKHFRVW
RI]RRVSHQGLQJ
• 8VH QHWZRUN WHFKQRORJ\ WR DFKLHYH UHPRWH DQLPDO
VWDWXV PRQLWRULQJ DQG PDQDJHPHQW WR HQVXUH DQLPDO
VDIHW\DQGKHDOWK
,, '(9(/230(172),17(//,*(17$1,0$/&$5($1'
0$1$*(0(17$5&+,7(&785(
,Q RUGHU WR HQDEOH WKH DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRUV RI WKH ]RR WR
WDNHFDUHRIHDFKDQLPDOLQDQHIILFLHQWPDQQHUWKHDUFKLWHFWXUH
GHYHORSHG E\ WKLV VWXG\ LV PDLQO\ WR SURYLGH ³LQWHOOLJHQW
PDQDJHPHQW´ RSHUDWLRQ DQG FRUUHVSRQGLQJ PHDVXUHV IRU WKH
FRQWURO RI WKH ]RR ZLWK SDUWLFXODU HPSKDVLV RQ DQLPDO
DGPLQLVWUDWRUV OHDUQ DERXW DQLPDO LQIRUPDWLRQ 7KHUHIRUH ,R7
WHFKQRORJ\ $, GHHS OHDUQLQJ WHFKQRORJ\ FORXG GDWDEDVH DQG
FORXGFRPSXWLQJZLOOEHXVHGWRKHOSDQLPDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVWR
FOHDUO\ XQGHUVWDQG WKH LQGLYLGXDO VSHFLHV GLHW SK\VLRORJLFDO
VWDWXV PRRG IHHG WURXJK VWRUDJH ZDWHU YROXPH DQG RWKHU
LQIRUPDWLRQ7KHODERUFRVWRIWKH]RRLVUHGXFHGWKHHIILFLHQF\
RIWKHDQLPDODGPLQLVWUDWRULVLPSURYHGDQGWKHTXDOLW\RIOLIH
RIWKHDQLPDOVLQWKH]RRLVLPSURYHGDQGJXDUDQWHHG,QRUGHU
WR UHGXFH FRVWV DQG IDFLOLWDWH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ WKH SURSRVHG
LQWHOOLJHQW DQLPDO FDUH DQG PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP DUFKLWHFWXUH
ZLOO EH LPSOHPHQWHG ZLWK $UGXLQR DQG 5DVSEHUU\ 3L 7KH
RYHUDOO DUFKLWHFWXUH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ  7KH EDVLF V\VWHP
IXQFWLRQVDUHDVIROORZV

A. Animal biomedical signal sensing and collection
)LUVW RI DOO ZH PXVW ILUVW XVH D YDULHW\ RI ELRPHGLFDO
VHQVRUV WR DFKLHYH GDWD VHQVLQJ UHODWHG WR DQLPDO ELRPHGLFDO
VLJQDOV LQFOXGLQJ ERG\ WHPSHUDWXUH VHQVLQJ DFWLYLW\ VHQVLQJ
KHDUWEHDWVHQVLQJHWF7KHVHGDWDZLOOEHFROOHFWHGWRWKHFORXG
GDWDEDVH DQG FRPSXWLQJ SODWIRUP IRU WKH ELRPHGLFDO GDWD RI
LQGLYLGXDOL]HG DQLPDOV ZHUH DFFXPXODWHG DQG XVHG DV IROORZ
XS$,DQDO\VLV
B. Environmental sensing and control
8VH YDULRXV HQYLURQPHQWDO VHQVLQJ FRPSRQHQWV VXFK DV
WHPSHUDWXUH DQG KXPLGLW\ VHQVRUV DLU TXDOLW\ VHQVRUV VRXQG
VHQVRUV UDLQ VHQVRUV SKRWRPHWULF VHQVRUV HWF WR GHWHFW WKH
HQYLURQPHQW RI DQLPDOV DQG SURYLGH GLIIHUHQW HQYLURQPHQWDO
FKDQJHV IRU FRUUHVSRQGLQJ HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQWURO DQG
DGMXVWPHQW IRU H[DPSOH ZKHQ WKH WHPSHUDWXUH LV KLJKHU WKDQ
GHJUHHVWXUQRQWKHIDQDLUFRQGLWLRQLQJRUVSULQNOHUV\VWHP
LQWKHDUHDWRDFKLHYHWKHFRROLQJHIIHFW
C. Automatic feeding
:LWK DXWRPDWLF FRQWURO DQG DXWRPDWLF IRRG GHOLYHU\ WKH
DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRUV VHW WKH GDLO\ IL[HG IHHGLQJ WLPH DQG
ZKHQ WKH VSHFLILHG WLPH LV UHDFKHG WKH IRRG LV DXWRPDWLFDOO\
VHQWWRWKHDQLPDO¶VIHQFH
D. Automatically clean food residue
 ,QRUGHUWRDYRLGWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOVDQLWDWLRQFDXVHGE\WKH
XQHDWHQ IRRG RU UHVLGXH EUHHGLQJ RI WKH DQLPDO WKH IRRG RU
UHVLGXH WKDW KDV QRW EHHQ HDWHQ E\ WKH DQLPDO PXVW EH
HIIHFWLYHO\LGHQWLILHGVRWKDWWKHUHPDLQLQJIRRGFDQEHFOHDQHG
E\WKHDXWRPDWLFFRQWURODQGVHQWWRUHVLGXHDUHDWUHDWPHQW
E. Real time monitor animal images and tracking their
positions
 8VLQJDQHWZRUNHGFDPHUDDQGSRVLWLRQLQJV\VWHPDVORQJ
DV WKH DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRUV XVH D QHWZRUNHG FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
GHYLFHWKHQHWZRUNFDQEHFRQQHFWHGWRWKHFDPHUDWRUHDOWLPH
REVHUYHWKHLPDJHDQGWUDFNLQJSRVLWLRQRIWKHDQLPDO

F. AI deep learning for animal behavior and status to

promote health care and analysis
 7KHGDLO\ELRPHGLFDOVHQVLQJGDWDDQGUHDOWLPHLPDJHVRI
WKH DQLPDOV DUH VHQW WR WKH FORXG GDWDEDVH RI $, DQ\WLPH DQG
DQ\ZKHUH WR IRUP D EDVH OLQH RI DQLPDO KHDOWK DQG EHKDYLRU
DQGWKHDQLPDODFWLYLW\VWDWXVDQGELRPHGLFDOVHQVLQJGDWDDUH
DQDO\]HG LPPHGLDWHO\ WKURXJK $, ,Q WKH HYHQW RI DQ
DEQRUPDOLW\ LQ WKH DQLPDO WKH DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRUV DUH
QRWLILHGDQGDOHUWHG
 7KLV DUFKLWHFWXUH FDQ EH LPSOHPHQWHG XVLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ
UHODWHGWHFKQRORJLHV
)LJ1HXUDOQHWZRUNDUFKLWHFWXUH
OLIHKDELWV,QDGGLWLRQWKHORFDODUHDQHWZRUNFDQEHXVHGDVD
WUDQVPLVVLRQ PHGLXP IRU EDFNHQG GDWD DQG IURQWHQG
DSSOLFDWLRQ SODWIRUPV DOORZLQJ DQLPDO PDQDJHUV WR HDVLO\
FRQWURODOODQLPDOFRQGLWLRQVLQWKH]RRXVLQJPRELOHGHYLFHVRU
HTXLSPHQW

C. Arduino and Raspberry Pi

,,, 0(7+2'6)25,03/(0(17$7,212)7+,6$5&+,7(&785(
7KLV DUFKLWHFWXUH FDQ EH LPSOHPHQWHG XVLQJ WKH IROORZLQJ
UHODWHGWHFKQRORJLHV
A. Beacon
%HDFRQ >@ LV D WHFKQRORJ\ WKDW XVHV ORZ HQHUJ\
%OXHWRRWK  ZKLFK LV D VPDOO DQG LQH[SHQVLYH SK\VLFDO
GHYLFH:H FDQ DUUDQJH LW LQYDULRXV ILHOGV LQ WKH ]RR WR VHQG
LQIRUPDWLRQ WR PRELOH GHYLFHV RU HTXLSPHQW ZLWKLQ D FHUWDLQ
$UGXLQR LV D ORZFRVW VLPSOH GHYLFH DFWXDWRU IRU EXLOGLQJ
GLJLWDO GHYLFHV DQG LQWHUDFWLYH REMHFWV WKDW LQWHUDFW ZLWK WKH
HQYLURQPHQW WR VHQVH DQG FRQWURO REMHFWV LQ WKH SK\VLFDO DQG
GLJLWDO ZRUOG >@ 5DVSEHUU\ 3L LV D ORZFRVW HDV\WRREWDLQ
HDV\ WR FDUU\ VLPSOH WR LQVWDOO VWDEOH RSHUDWLRQ DQG FDQ EH
FRQQHFWHG WR RWKHU SHULSKHUDO GHYLFHV ,W LV D /LQX[EDVHG
VLQJOHFKLSFRPSXWHU WKDWFDQ DFFHVV WKH LQWHUQHW DQG SHUIRUP
VRPHFRPSOLFDWHGDULWKPHWLFSURFHVVLQJDQGDQDO\VLV,Q
1$6$ODXQFKHGWKHRSHQVRXUFH2SHQ6RXUFH5RYHUSURMHFWD
GLVWDQFH WR DFKLHYH PHVVDJH WUDQVPLVVLRQ WR QHLJKERULQJ
DQLPDOV 8VH EHDFRQ WR UHDG WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP WKH
HTXLSPHQWRQWKHDQLPDOWRDFKLHYHWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIDQLPDO
DFWLYLW\ VWDWXV DQG KHDOWK PRQLWRULQJ DQG DOVR WR DFKLHYH
PLFURSRVLWLRQLQJ WR DYRLG DQLPDO ORVV DQG WR TXLFNO\ ILQG
DQLPDOV ,Q DGGLWLRQ DQLPDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVFDQHDVLO\ PDQDJH
ZLWK PRELOH GHYLFHV :KHQ WKH DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRU ZDONV
DURXQG WKH DQLPDO WKH DQLPDO¶V YDULRXV PDWHULDOV FDQ EH
MXPSHG RXW RI WKH DQLPDO DGPLQLVWUDWRU¶V PRELOH GHYLFH RU
HTXLSPHQWDQGWKHGDWDFDQEHUHDOWLPHUHWXUQHGDOORZLQJWKH
DGPLQLVWUDWRUWR LQVWDQWO\ XQGHUVWDQG WKHFXUUHQW DQLPDO VWDWXV
DQG HQDEOH WKH DQLPDO WR EH HIIHFWLYHO\ PDQDJHG ,Q DGGLWLRQ
YLVLWRUV FDQ DOVR JHW LQWURGXFWRU\ LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW
QHLJKERULQJ DQLPDOV WKURXJK WKHLU RZQ PRELOH GHYLFHV RU
HTXLSPHQW
B. Local area network implementation
:HFDQDUUDQJHWKHQHWZRUNLQDVSHFLILFDUHDRIWKH]RRWR
SURYLGH DQ LQWHUQHW FRQQHFWLRQ RI WKH DQLPDO VHQVLQJ GHYLFH
DQG WUDQVPLW WKH VHQVHG DQLPDO SK\VLRORJLFDO VLJQDO DQG
SRVLWLRQ WR WKH FORXG GDWDEDVH IRU VWRUDJH WR DFKLHYH ELJ GDWD
DQG $, DQDO\VLV &RQVLGHULQJ WKH FRQYHQLHQFH RI ZLUHOHVV
QHWZRUNV :L)L >@ LV D ZLUHOHVV ORFDO DUHD QHWZRUN WKDW
DOORZV:L)LHQDEOHGGHYLFHVWRFRQQHFWQHWZRUNIURPDUDQJH
RI ZLUHOHVV QHWZRUNV WR RQH RU PRUH LQWHUFRQQHFWHG DFFHVV
SRLQWV 7KH ORFDO DUHD QHWZRUN LV XVHG WR WUDQVPLW WKH
SK\VLRORJLFDOVLJQDOVDQGSRVLWLRQVPHDVXUHGE\WKHHTXLSPHQW
RQWKHDQLPDOWRDFKLHYHWKHVXEVHTXHQWDQDO\VLVRIWKHDQLPDO
DFWLYLW\VWDWXVDQGKHDOWKPRQLWRULQJPDQDJHPHQWDQGDOVRWR
DQDO\]H WKH DQLPDO DFWLYLW\ UDQJH DQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH DQLPDO

UHGXFHG YHUVLRQ RI WKH 0DUV 5RYHU &XULRVLW\ XVLQJ WKH
5DVSEHUU\ 3L DV D FRQWURO PRGXOH >@ 7KH DUFKLWHFWXUH
SURSRVHGE\WKLVUHVHDUFKLVWRXVH$UGXLQRDVWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ
DFFHVVFRQWURODQGFORXGVHUYLFHUHODWHGODUJHVFDOHGLVWULEXWHG
FORXG FRQQHFWLRQ KHWHURJHQHRXV QHWZRUN GHSOR\PHQW RI
VHQVLQJ GDWD VHULDO SRUW DQG XVH 5DVSEHUU\ 3L DV D
PLFURFRPSXWHUIRUUHDOWLPHPRQLWRULQJDQGRSHUDWLRQDQDO\VLV
WRDFKLHYHWKHDQLPDO¶VLQWHOOLJHQWPDQDJHPHQWIXQFWLRQ
D. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 $IWHU UHFHLYLQJ WKH VHQVRU\ GDWD RI DQLPDOV DQG WKH
HQYLURQPHQW WKHDUFKLWHFWXUHSURSRVHGE\ WKLV VWXG\ KRSHVWR
KHOSXVDQDO\]HWKHEHKDYLRUDQGVWDWHRIDQLPDOVWKURXJK$,
VR ZH XVH GHHS OHDUQLQJ >@ WR EXLOG WKH ZHDN DUWLILFLDO
LQWHOOLJHQFH >@ IRU D VSHFLDO DQLPDO DOORZV XV WR XQGHUVWDQG
WKH VWDWH RI DQLPDOV FOHDUO\ 7KH DUFKLWHFWXUH FRQVLGHUDWLRQV
SURSRVHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ XVH WKH GHHS OHDUQLQJ DUFKLWHFWXUH >
@WRLGHQWLI\WKHDQLPDO¶VLPDJHPRWLRQDQGWKHDQLPDO¶V
YRLFH HPRWLRQV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH FXUUHQW VWDWH RI WKH DQLPDO
7KH EDVLF VWUXFWXUH RI WKH QHXUDO QHWZRUN LV VKRZQ LQ )LJ 
(DFKOD\HUKDVDORWRIQHXURQV7KHRXWSXWRIWKHXSSHUOD\HULV
WKHLQSXWRIWKHQH[WOD\HU7KHQXPEHURIKLGGHQOD\HUVLVWKH
GHSWKRIWKHQHXUDOQHWZRUN*HWDVHWRIILQDORXWSXW
E. Cloud database and cloud computing
 ,QRUGHUWRDOORZDQLPDODGPLQLVWUDWRUVWRFRQYHQLHQWO\XVH
GLIIHUHQW SODWIRUPV RU GHYLFHV WR VWRUH DQG XVH GDWD DQG DOVR
DOORZ $, WR XVH LQWHJUDWHG GDWD IRU PDVVLYH GDWD DQDO\VLV DQG
GHHS OHDUQLQJ WKH DUFKLWHFWXUH GHYHORSHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ PDLQO\
FRQVLGHUV WKH XVH RI FORXG GDWD DQG FORXG FRPSXWLQJ >@ The Harvard Cazette. "Researchers give Snapshot Serengeti project an
FRQVWUXFWLRQ > @ LQWHOOLJHQW DQLPDO FDUH DQG PDQDJHPHQW AI boost". Accessed on October, 2018 $YDLODEOH
V\VWHP 7KH EHQHILWV RI XVLQJ WKH FORXG SODWIRUP DUH  7KH KWWSVQHZVKDUYDUGHGXJD]HWWHVWRU\VQDSVKRWVHUHQJHWLJHWV
]RRFDQIOH[LEO\FXVWRPL]HWKHDSSDQGDGMXVWWKHVHUYLFHWRVXLW DERRVWIURPDL
WKHLU QHHGV DQG DFFHVV WKH FORXG VHUYLFH IURP DQ\ZKHUH
>@ 0 6 1RURX]]DGHK et al. $XWRPDWLFDOO\ LGHQWLI\LQJ FRXQWLQJ DQG
WKURXJK WKH LQWHUQHW FRQQHFWLRQ  =RRV FDQ VSHHG XS
GHVFULELQJ ZLOG DQLPDOV LQ FDPHUDWUDS LPDJHV ZLWK GHHS OHDUQLQJ
DSSOLFDWLRQGHYHORSPHQWZLWKRXWZRUU\LQJDERXWLQIUDVWUXFWXUH
FRVWV RU PDLQWHQDQFH  'HYHORSHUV RI WKH LQWHOOLJHQW DQLPDO Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, S
FDUH DQG PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP FDQ IRFXV RQ DSSOLFDWLRQ >@ 6-5XVVHOODQG31RUYLJArtificial intelligence: a modern approach
GHYHORSPHQW DQG UHJXODUO\ XSGDWH DQDO\WLFDO PHWKRGV WR 0DOD\VLD3HDUVRQ(GXFDWLRQ/LPLWHG
SURYLGH WKH PRVW DFFXUDWH DQLPDO FDUH DQG PDQDJHPHQW >@ - *XEEL 5 %X\\D 6 0DUXVLF DQG 0 3DODQLVZDPL ,QWHUQHW RI
IXQFWLRQVIRUWKH]RR
,9 &21&/86,21
 %DVHGRQWKHFDUHDQGPDQDJHPHQWRIDQLPDOVLQ]RRVWKLV
VWXG\ SURSRVHV D GHYHORSPHQW DUFKLWHFWXUH IRU WKH LQWHOOLJHQW
DQLPDO PDQDJHPHQW V\VWHP EDVHG RQ ,R7 DQG $, 7KH
7KLQJV ,R7 $ YLVLRQ DUFKLWHFWXUDO HOHPHQWV DQG IXWXUH GLUHFWLRQV
Future generation computer systems, YRO  QR  SS 

>@ 6'7.HOO\1.6XU\DGHYDUDDQG6&0XNKRSDGK\D\7RZDUGV
WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI ,R7 IRU HQYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQ PRQLWRULQJ LQ
KRPHVIEEE Sensors Journal, YROQRSS
LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI WKLV DUFKLWHFWXUH ZLOO EH LQWHJUDWHG LQWR
EHDFRQ:L)LORFDODUHDQHWZRUN$UGXLQR5DVSEHUU\3L$,
DQG YDULRXV FRPPXQLFDWLRQ WHFKQRORJLHV VXFK DV FORXG
GDWDEDVH DQG FORXG FRPSXWLQJ 7KURXJK WKH XVH RI WKHVH
WHFKQRORJLHVVRPHFXPEHUVRPHSURFHGXUHVIRUFDULQJDQLPDOV
DUH DXWRPDWHG WKURXJK WKH ,R7 DQG $, WR KHOS DQLPDO
DGPLQLVWUDWRUV WR V\VWHPDWLFDOO\ FDUH IRU DQG PDQDJH DQLPDOV
VXFK DV VHQVLQJ WKH ERG\ WHPSHUDWXUH PRRG DFWLYLW\ DQG
DFWLYLW\ VWDWXV RI DQLPDOV VXUURXQGLQJ HQYLURQPHQW DQG
SRVLWLRQ7KHVWUXFWXUHSURSRVHGE\WKLVVWXG\LVFXUUHQWO\RQO\
DSUHOLPLQDU\FRQFHSWDQGWKHUHDUHVWLOOPDQ\SRLQWVWKDWQHHG
IXUWKHUFRQVLGHUDWLRQDQGUHYLVLRQWRPHHWWKHQHHGVRIWKH]RR
$&.12:/('*0(17
7KLVZRUNZDVVXSSRUWHGLQSDUWE\WKH0LQLVWU\RI6FLHQFH
>@ , /HH DQG . /HH 7KH ,QWHUQHW RI 7KLQJV ,R7 $SSOLFDWLRQV
LQYHVWPHQWVDQGFKDOOHQJHVIRUHQWHUSULVHVBusiness Horizons, YRO
QRSS
>@ 6 6 &KDZDWKH %HDFRQ SODFHPHQW IRU LQGRRU ORFDOL]DWLRQ XVLQJ
EOXHWRRWKLQIntelligent Transportation Systems, 2008. ITSC 2008. 11th
International IEEE Conference onSS&LWHVHHU
>@ .&&KHXQJ66,QWLOOHDQG. /DUVRQ$QLQH[SHQVLYHEOXHWRRWK
EDVHGLQGRRUSRVLWLRQLQJKDFNLQProceedings of UbiCompYRO

>@ -=KX.=HQJ30RKDSDWUDDQG.+.LP%OXHWRRWKEHDFRQEDVHG
ORFDWLRQGHWHUPLQDWLRQHG*RRJOH3DWHQWV
>@ )2KUWPDQDQG.5RHGHUWi-Fi handbook: Building 802.11 b wireless
networks0F*UDZ+LOO1HZ<RUN1<
>@ Wikipedia. "Arduino". Accessed on October, 2018. $YDLODEOH
DQG 7HFKQRORJ\ 0267 LQ 7DLZDQ XQGHU JUDQW 0267 KWWSVHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL$UGXLQR
(&& 0267( >@ Wikipedia. "Raspberry Pi". Accessed on October, 2018. $YDLODEOH
0267&(6 0267( KWWSVHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL5DVSEHUU\B3L
DQG WKH &KDR\DQJ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI WHFKQRORJ\ &<87 DQG WKH >@ </H&XQ<%HQJLRDQG*+LQWRQ'HHSOHDUQLQJnature, YRO
0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQLQ7DLZDQXQGHUWKHSURMHFW³7KH5 ' QRS
DQGWKHFXOWLYDWLRQRIWDOHQWIRU+HDOWKSURPRWLRQSURGXFWV´ >@ Wikipedia. "Weak AI". Accessed on October, 2018. $YDLODEOH
KWWSVHQZLNLSHGLDRUJZLNL:HDNB$,
5()(5(1&(6 >@ ,*RRGIHOORZ<%HQJLR$&RXUYLOOHDQG<%HQJLRDeep learning
0,7SUHVV&DPEULGJH
>@ Association of Zoos and Aquariums. "Visitor Demographics". Accessed
>@ - 6FKPLGKXEHU 'HHS OHDUQLQJ LQ QHXUDO QHWZRUNV $Q RYHUYLHZ
on October 2018 $YDLODEOH KWWSVZZZD]DRUJSDUWQHUVKLSVYLVLWRU
Neural networks, YROSS
GHPRJUDSKLFV
>@ $ %RWWD : 'H 'RQDWR 9 3HUVLFR DQG $ 3HVFDSp ,QWHJUDWLRQ RI
>@ $LU\]RQH /XFN\ 7DJ $FFHVVHG RQ 2FWREHU $YDLODEOH
FORXG FRPSXWLQJ DQG LQWHUQHW RI WKLQJV D VXUYH\ Future Generation
KWWSVZZZLQGLHJRJRFRPSURMHFWVOXFN\WDJDVPDUWZD\WRFDUHIRU
Computer Systems, YROSS
\RXUGRJ
>@ - : 5LWWLQJKRXVH DQG - ) 5DQVRPH Cloud computing:
>@ Japan Economic News. "AI Animal control experiment at Sapporo ·
implementation, management, and security&5&SUHVV
Maruyama zoo". Accessed on October, 2018. $YDLODEOH
KWWSVZZZQLNNHLFRPDUWLFOH'*;0=28$&/