03 Index

CHAPTER I
COMPOSITE INDEX
ASHRAE HANDBOOK SERIES
This index covers the current Handbook series published by The page reference for an index entry includes the book letter
ASHRAE. The four volumes in the series are identified as follows: and the chapter number, which may be followed by a decimal point
and the beginning page in the chapter. For example, the page num-
S = 2000 HVAC Systems and Equipment
ber S31.4 means the information may be found in the 2000 HVAC
F = 2001 Fundamentals Systems and Equipment volume, Chapter 31, beginning on page 4.
R = 2002 Refrigeration Each Handbook is revised and updated on a four-year cycle.
A = 2003 HVAC Applications Because technology and the interests of ASHRAE members
change, some topics are not included in the current Handbook
Alphabetization of the index is letter by letter; for example, Heat- series but may be found in the earlier Handbook editions cited in
ers precedes Heat exchangers, and Floors precedes Floor slabs. the index.
Abbreviations, F36.1 Adsorption Air conditioners. (See also Central air

Absorbents dehumidification, S22.1, 9 conditioning)
liquid, F1.15; F22.3 indoor air cleaning, A45.5 engine-driven, S47.7
refrigerant pairs, F1.16 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25.24 light commercial split systems, S5.6
Absorption moisture, F22.1 packaged terminal
ammonia-water Aeration, of farm crops, A23.4, 10; F11.11 air conditioner (PTAC), S46.5
hydrogen cycle, R41.8 Aerosols, S24.1 design, S46.5, 6
technology, R41.7 Affinity laws for centrifugal pumps, S39.7 heavy-duty commercial grade, S5.3
bands, atmospheric gases, F30.15 AFUE. See Annual fuel utilization efficiency sizes and classifications, S46.5
chillers, S4.1 (AFUE) testing, S46.7
coefficient of performance (COP), F1.14 AHU. See Air-handlers residential, A1
concepts Air split systems, S5.6
coupling, F1.16 age of, and ventilation, F26.4 through-the-wall, A1.6
double-effect changes per hour (ACH), F26.3 unitary, A1.4
calculations, F1.18 liquefaction, R38.5 retail stores, A2.1
cascaded, F1.16 properties, F6.16 rooftop units, S5.8
cycle characteristics, F1.15, 16 separation, R38.13 room
dehumidification, S22.1, 9 Air cleaners. (See also Filters, air; Industrial codes and standards, S46.4
diagrams, F1.16 exhaust gas cleaning) design, S46.2
equipment, R41.1 gaseous (indoor air) features, S46.3
evolving technologies, R41.10 adsorbers, A45.5 filters, S46.3
ideal thermal, F1.14 chemisorbers, A45.6 installation and service, S46.4
industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25.18 economics, A45.10 noise, S46.4
refrigeration cycles, F1.14 energy consumption, A45.10 performance, S46.2
ammonia-water, F20.1 environmental effects on, A45.11 sizes and classifications, S46.1
lithium bromide-water, F20.1 installation, A45.10 split systems, S45.1, 6
hermetic loops, F1.17 location, A45.8 coil placement, S45.8
multieffect, F1.16 media selection, A45.8 residential and light-commercial, S5.6
multistage, F1.16 operation/maintenance, A45.11 through-the-wall, A1.6, S5.2
modeling analysis/performance safety, A45.10 unitary
simulation, F1.17 sizing, A45.8 air handlers, S45.7
thermodynamic equations, terminology, A45.4 application, S45.1
F1.17, 18 testing, A45.12 capacity control, S45.6
phase constraints, F1.14 types, A45.6 certification, S45.5
representations, F1.16 industrial exhaust systems, A30.6 circuit components, S45.6
solar cooling, A33.18, 26; S33.3, 8 particulate codes and standards, S45.5
water-lithium bromide technology contaminants, S24.1 desuperheaters, S45.4
components, R41.1 industrial ventilation, S24.2 efficiency, S45.5
control, R41.6 particle collection mechanisms, electrical design, S45.7
double-effect chillers, R41.3 S24.2 installation, S45.1
maintenance, R41.7 penetration, S24.3 maintenance, S45.3
operation, R41.6 residential, S24.9 mechanical design, S45.7
single-effect chillers, R41.2 safety requirements, S24.12 multizone, S45.4
single-effect heat transformers, R41.3 selection, S24.9 piping, S45.6
terminology, R41.1 standards, S24.3, 5 refrigerant circuit control, S45.6
working fluids, F1.15 test methods, S24.2 space conditioning/water heating, S45.4
Acoustics. See Sound types types, S45.3, 4
Activated carbon air washers, S19.7 unit ventilators, S31.1
adsorption, A45.5 combination, S24.6 window-mounted, S5.2
effectiveness, A45.8 electronic, S9.1; S24.6, 7, 8; S28.2 Air conditioning. (See also Central air
Adsorbents evaporative coolers, S19.7 conditioning)
impregnated, S25.25 maintenance, S24.9 aircraft, A10
solid, A45.5; F22.4 media filters, S24.6 airports, A3.9
Copyright
Copyright ©
© 2003,
2003, ASHRAE
ASHRAE I.1
I.2 2003 ASHRAE Applications Handbook (SI)
animal buildings, A22.4 floor-by-floor, S5.7 outlets
archives, A21 forced-air, small, S9.1 Group A, F32.7, 16
arenas, A4.4 packaged, S5 Group B, F32.8, 16
atriums, A4.8 industrial/commercial, S5.9 Group C, F32.10, 16
auditoriums, A4.3 outdoor equipment, S5.8 Group D, F32.10, 16
automobile, A9 rooftop, S5.8 Group E, F32.10, 16
bakeries, R27 radiant panel S6.1 location, F32.15
bars, A3.5 room-by-room, S5.4 performance, F32.10
bowling centers, A3.8 selection, S1 selection, F32.15
buses, A9.9 self-contained, S5.7 performance index (ADPI), F32.13
bus terminals, A3.10 space requirements, S1.4 return air design, F32.17
casinos, A3.6 split, S5.6; S45.6 return inlets, F32.14
changeover temperature, S3.7, 8 television studios, A3.9 space, F32.1
clean spaces, A16 temporary exhibits, A4.8 standards, F32.12
colleges, A6.3 textile processing plants, A19.3 system design, F32.14
commercial buildings, A3; S5.7 theaters, A4.3 temperature gradient, F32.13
computer rooms, A17 thermal storage, A34.5 terminology, F32.1
concert halls, A4.4 transportation centers, A3.9 Air distribution
convention centers, A4.5 universities, A6.3 aircraft cabins, A10.7
data processing areas, A17 warehouses, A3.11 animal environments, A22.3, 6
desiccant dehumidification and, S22.9 warm humid climates, F24.8 bowling centers, A3.8
dormitories, A5.1, 8 wood products facilities, A24.1 buildings, S2.1
educational facilities, A6 Air contaminants, F12. See Contaminants central system, A41.2
engine test facilities, A15.1 Aircraft communications centers, A3.9
equipment air conditioning, A10.5 control, A46.11; S2.14
outdoor, S5.8 air distribution, A10.7 data processing areas, A17.3
refrigeration, S4.1 air filters, A10.4, 9 ductwork, S1.5; S2.9
exhibition centers, A4.5 air quality, A10.8 equipment, S17.6
fairs, A4.8 cabin pressurization fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.14
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.13 control, A10.6, 8 forced-air systems, small, S9.5
gymnasiums, A4.5 performance, A10.2, 4 industrial environments, A29.2
health care facilities, A7 carbon dioxide concentration, in-room terminal systems, S3.5
hospitals, A7.2 A10.9 kitchen makeup air, A31.10
nursing homes, A7.13 environmental control system laboratories, A14.9
outpatient, A7.12 (ECS), A10.2, 4, 6, 8 places of assembly, A4.2
hotels and motels, A5 heating, A10.4 rail cars, A9.13
houses of worship, A4.3 humidity, A10.9 retail stores, A2.1
ice rinks, A4.5 oxygen levels, A10.1, 9 room terminals, S2.9
industrial environments, A12; A29; S11 ozone concentration, A10.1, 7, 8 ships, A11.3, 4
kitchens, A3.5, 6; A31 ventilation, A10.1, 4 sound control, A47.2, 32
laboratories, A14 Air curtains static pressure control, S17.7
libraries, A21 application, S17.8 terminal boxes, A46.9
mines, A27 display cases, R47.5 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.2
museums, A21 Air diffusers textile processing plants, A19.5
natatoriums, A4.5 sound control, A47.8 zone control, A46.13
nightclubs, A3.6 testing, A37.2 Air exchange rate
nuclear facilities, A26 Air diffusion air changes per hour (ACH), F26.3
nursing homes, A7.13 air jets modeling, F26.20
office buildings, A3.6 angle of divergence, F32.2 multizone measurement, F26.27
paper products facilities, A24.2 Archimedes number, F32.6 time constants, F26.3
photographic processing/storage areas, A20.1 behavior, F32.1 tracer gas measurement method,
places of assembly, A4 centerline velocity, F32.2 F26.27
plant growth chambers, A22.17 classification, F32.1 Air filters. See Filters, air
power plants, A25.9 Coanda effect, F32.6 Airflow
printing plants, A18 entrainment ratios, F32.5 air-to-transmission ratio, S3.8
public buildings, A3 isothermal, F32.2 around buildings, F16
radio stations, A3.9 radial flow, F32.6 air intake contamination estimation
rail cars, A9.11 multiple, F32.6 minimum dilution, F16.10
residences, A1 nonisothermal, F32.6 coefficients wind pressure, F16.3
restaurants, A3.5 surface (wall and ceiling), F32.6 internal pressure, F16.9
retrofitting, contaminant control, R6.13 throw, F32.5, 13 modeling and testing, F16.9
schools, A6.2 ceiling-mounted diffusers, F32.17 patterns, A44.3; F16.1
ship docks, A3.10 equipment, S17 scaling length, F16.1
solar energy systems, A33.16, 18, 26 evaluation, F32.12 wind
subway stations, A13.19 air velocity, F32.13 data, F16.3, 5, 6
swimming areas, A4.5 draft, F32.12 effects on system operation
systems exhaust inlets, F32.14 fume hoods, F16.9
air-and-water, S3.1 methods intakes and exhausts, F16.7
decentralized, S1; S5.1 displacement ventilation, F32.11 pressure balance, F16.9
features, S1.3 mixing systems, F32.7 system volume, F16.9
space requirements, S1.4 unidirectional ventilation, F32.11 ventilation, F16.7
A = 2003 HVAC Applications R = 2002 Refrigeration F = 2001 Fundamentals S = 2000 HVAC Systems and Equipment
Composite Index I.3
velocity pressure (Bernoulli equation), supply, S17.1 ammonia, A22.2, 9
F16.3 surface effects, S17.2 carbon dioxide, A22.2
clean spaces, A16.3 temperature differential, S17.2 air distribution, A22.3, 6
computational fluid dynamics, A39.10 types, S17.2 air inlets, A22.6
computer-aided modeling, A16.4 Airports, air conditioning, A3.9 air quality control, A22.2
condensers, evaporative, S35.15 Air quality. (See also Indoor air quality) air transport, R31.2
displacement flow, F26.2 aircraft cabins, A10.8 cattle, beef and dairy, A22.7; F10.7
entrainment flow, F26.2 animal buildings, A22.2 chickens, F10.12
exhaust hoods, A30.3 bus terminals, A13.15 cooling, A22.4
furnaces, S28.2 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.24 design, A22.1
laminar, A16.3 parking garages, A13.10 disease control, A22.3
measurement of, A37.2 road tunnels, A13.5 environmental control, F10.1
nonunidirectional, A16.3 tollbooths, A13.8 evaporative cooling, A22.4
perfect mixing, F26.3 Airtightness, F14.21 fans, A22.6
smoke management, A52.5 Air-to-air energy recovery, S44 heating, A22.4
solar energy systems, A33.25 Air-to-transmission ratio, S3.8 insulation, A22.5
tracking, A46.3 Air transport laboratory conditions, A14.14; A22.9;
unidirectional, A16.3, 10, 11 animals, R31.2 F10.14
Airflow retarders commodity requirements, R31.2 lighting, F10.3
climates design considerations, R31.2 moisture control, A22.2
heating, F24.5 galley refrigeration, R31.5 physiological control
mixed, F24.7 ground handling, R31.4 heat production
warm humid, F24.8 perishable cargo, R31.1 data, F10.2
functions and properties, F23.15 refrigeration, R31.3 genetics affecting, F10.7
walls, A43.5 shipping containers, R31.3 liquid wastes, F10.7
Air handlers Air washers heat transfer, F10.3
all-air systems, S2.3 air cleaning, S19.7 systems, F10.2
control, A46.11 coolers, S19.5 poultry, A22.9
cooling, S2.4, 8 dehumidification performance factor, S19.7 shades, A22.3
dampers, S2.6, 7 heat/mass simultaneous transfer, F5.11 sheep, F10.9
dehumidification, S2.5 high velocity spray type, S19.6 swine, A22.7; F10.10
distribution systems, A41.2 humidification, S19.6 temperature control, A22.1; F10.3
draw-through, S2.3 maintenance, S19.7 turkeys, F10.13
economizers, S2.7 spray type, S19.5 ventilation, A22.5
fans, S2.4, 6, 8 textile processing plants, A19.3 Annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
filter, S2.7 water treatment, A48.9; S19.8 S28.6; S29.22
heating, S2.5 Algae, control, A48.5 Antifreeze
humidification, S2.5, 8 All-air systems coolants, secondary, F21.4
location, S2.4 advantages, S2.1 ethylene glycol, F21.4
mixing plenum, S2.7 air distribution, S2.9 hydronic systems, S12.16
outside air, S2.8 air handlers, S2.3 propylene glycol, F21.4
reheat, S2.8 buildings, S2.1 Antisweat heaters (ASH), R47.5
sequencing, A41.26 constant-volume, S2.9, 11 Apartment buildings
set point reset, A41.27 control, S2.14 service water heating, A49.11, 14
sound cooling, S2.4, 8 ventilation, A1.6
isolation, S2.9 costs, S2.3 Aquifers, thermal storage, A34.9
levels, A47.4 dehumidification, S2.5, 8 Archimedes number, F32.6
unitary, air conditioners, S45.7 disadvantages, S2.2 Archives. See Museums, libraries, and archives
vibration isolation, S2.9 dual-duct, S2.11 Arenas, A4.4
Air-handling unit (AHU) strategies, A41.26 economizers, S2.7 smoke management, A52.13
Air intakes heating, S2.2, 5 Argon, recovery, R38.14
design, A44.1 humidification, S2.5, 8 Aromatics, R7.2
hospitals, A7.2 multizone, S2.12 Asbestos, F9.4
location to avoid contamination, A44.2 primary equipment, S2.4 ASH. See Antisweat heaters (ASH)
outdoor, S2.7 single-duct, S2.9 Atriums
vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.29 variable air volume (VAV), S2.10, 11 air conditioning, A4.8
Air jets. See Air diffusion zoning, S2.2 smoke management, A52.13
Air leakage, F26. (See also Infiltration) Altitude chambers, R37.6 Attics
area, F26.12 Altshul-Tsal equation, F34.7 moisture control climates
building distribution, F26.13 Ammonia heating, F24.6
commercial buildings, F26.24 absorption mixed, F24.7
controlling, air-vapor retarder, F26.16 ammonia-water, F1.19; R41.7 warm humid, F24.8
leakage function, F26.12 ammonia-water-hydrogen, R41.8 temperature, F28.9
measurement, F26.12, 13 in animal environments, A22.2, 9 Auditoriums, A4.3
Air outlets properties, ammonia-water, F20.1 Automobiles
accessories, S17.3, 4, 5 Anchor bolts, seismic restraint, A54.12 air conditioners
dampers, S17.3, 4, 5 Anemometers compressors, A9.6
location, S9.3 air devices, A37.2 condensers, A9.7
selection, S17.1 types, F14.15 controls, A9.6
smudging, S17.2 Animal environments design factors, A9.1
sound level, S17.2 air contaminants, F10.4 evaporators, A9.4, 8
lubricants, A9.8 time calculations natural convection systems, F4.1
receiver-drier-filter assembly, A9.7 cooling, R9.1 nucleate, F4.1, 2
refrigerants freezing, R9.7 pool boiling, F4.1
flow control, A9.6 wine Bowling centers, A3.8
vehicle age, A9.8 production, R25.8 Brayton cycle
engine test facilities, A15.1 storage temperature, R25.10 cryogenics, R38.8
heaters Bioaerosols gas turbine, S7.8
controls, A9.6 airborne Breweries
design factors, A9.1 bacteria, F12.2 carbon dioxide production, R25.6
heater cores, A9.4 control, F12.6 refrigeration
ventilation, A9.6 fungus spores, F12.2 fermenting cellar, R25.4
Backflow-prevention devices, S42.13 microbiological particulate, F12.5 Kraeusen cellar, R25.5
BACnet®, A39.14 pollen, F12.2 stock cellar, R25.5
Bacteria sampling, F12.6 systems, R25.8
control, A48.5 viruses, F12.2 wort cooler, R25.3
food, growth in, R11.1 origins, F12.1 storage tanks, R25.6
humidifiers, growth in, S20.1 particles, F9.4 vinegar production, R25.8
Bakery products Biocides, control, A48.5 Brines. See Coolants, secondary
air conditioning, R27.1 Biological safety cabinets, A14.6 Building automation system (BAS),
cooling, R27.4 Biomanufacturing cleanrooms, A16.5 A39.14
dough production, R27.2 Boilers Building commissioning
freezing, R27.5 air supply, S30.20 acceptance, A42.6
ingredient storage, R27.1 aluminum, S27.3 authority (CA), A42.1
refrigeration, R27.1 burners, S26.1 basis of design (BOD), A42.1
slicing, R27.5 carbonic acid, S10.2 construction, A42.5
wrapping, R27.5 cast iron, S27.1 costs, A42.10
Balance point, heat pumps, S45.8 central design, A42.4
Balancing. (See also Testing, adjusting, and multifamily, A1.5 new construction, A42.1
balancing) plants, S11.3 objectives, A42.2
air distribution systems, A37.2 classifications, S27.1 occupancy and operations, A42.9
dual-duct systems, A37.3 codes, S27.6 owner’s project requirements (OPR),
HVAC systems, A37.1 combination, S27.5 A42.2
hydronic systems, A37.6 condensing, S27.4 predesign, A42.4
induction systems, A37.5 construction materials, S27.1 team, A42.2
kitchen ventilation systems, A31.11 control, A46.1; S27.6 test procedures, A42.8
refrigeration systems, R44.1 copper, S27.3 training A42.9
steam distribution systems, A37.15 draft types, S27.3 Building energy monitoring, A40. (See also
temperature controls, A37.16 efficiency, S27.5 Energy monitoring)
variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A37.4 electric, S27.5 Building envelopes
Barley, F11.13 equipment, S4.2 ceilings, A43.5
Bars, A3.4, 5 gas-fired, S26.1 condensation, S20.2
BAS, A39.14 venting, S30.16 energy conservation, A43.1
Baseboard units integrated, S27.5 fenestration, A43.6
application, S32.5 noncondensing, S27.4 foundations, A43.1
design effects, S32.4 oil-fired venting, S30.17 interface, A43.7
finned-tube, S32.1 piping, S10.3 museums, libraries, and archives, A21.7
heating equipment, S32.1 rating, S27.5 roofs, A43.5
nonstandard condition corrections, S32.3 residential, A1.3 thermal bridges, A43.8
radiant, S32.1 selection, S27.5 design recommendations, A43.10
rating, S32.3 service water heating, A49.21 heat transfer, A43.8
Basements sizing, S27.6 mitigation of, A43.9
conditioned, A43.1 stainless steel, S27.3 thermal mass, A43.11
heat loss, F28.11 standards, S27.6 thermal transmission data, F25.1
moisture control, A43.3 steam, S27.1 walls, residential, A43.3
unconditioned, A43.1 systems, S10.3 Building thermal mass
Beer’s law, F3.11 steel, S27.2 charging/discharging, A34.18
BEP, S39.7 stokers, S26.9 effects of, A34.17
Bernoulli equation, F34.1 storing, A48.11 precooling, A41.28
kinetic energy factor, F2.2 venting, S30.16, 17 thermal storage systems, A34.17
steady flow, F2.7 wall-hung, S27.5 Burners
wind velocity pressure, F16.3 waste heat, S10.3 air supply, S30.20
Best efficiency point (BEP), S39.7 water, S27.1 controls, S26.12
Beverages water treatment, A48.10 conversion, S26.1, 2
beer, R25.1 working pressure, S27.1 dual-fuel gas/oil, S26.7
storage requirements, R10.11 Boiling gas-fired, S26.1
carbonated, R25.10 critical heat flux, F4.4 altitude compensation, S26.3
coolers, R25.11 evaporators combustion/adjustments, S26.3
fruit juice, R24.1 flow mechanics, F4.5 commercial, S26.2
liquid carbon dioxide storage, R25.12 heat transfer, F4.5 industrial, S26.2
refrigeration systems, R25.11 refrigeration, F4.1 residential, S26.1
thermal properties, R8.1 film boiling, F4.2 venting, S30.16
Composite Index I.5
oil-fired, S26.4 design and selection factors, R29.6, 8 CFD. See Computational fluid dynamics
commercial, S26.5 operating economy, R29.7 (CFD)
fuel qualification testing, R29.8 Charging, refrigeration systems, R46.4
handling system, S26.8 selection, R29.9 Chemical plants
preparation system, S26.9 system application factors, R29.8 automation, R36.3
storage, S26.7 types, R29.4 energy recovery, R36.4
industrial, S26.5 heating only, R29.5 flow sheets, R36.1
residential, S26.4 insulation barrier, R29.1 instrumentation and controls, R36.8
venting, S30.17 load calculations, R29.8 outdoor construction, R36.4
venting, S30.16, 17 maintenance, R29.11 piping, R36.8
Buses mechanical cooling/heating, R29.4 pumps, R36.8
air conditioning, A9.9 operations, R29.9 refrigeration
garage ventilation, A13.12 qualification testing, R29.9 compressors, R36.6
Bus terminals safety, R29.7 condensers, R36.6
air conditioning, A3.10 sanitation, R29.4 cooling towers, R36.8
physical configuration, A13.14 shock and vibration, R29.6 equipment, R36.3, 6
ventilation space considerations, R29.10 evaporators, R36.7
equipment, A13.24 storage effect cooling, R29.5 load, R36.2
operation areas, A13.15 system application, R29.8 safety requirements, R36.2
control, A13.16 temperature-controlled transport, R29.1 spray ponds, R36.8
effects of alternative fuel use, A13.16 temperature settings, R29.10 systems, R36.1, 5
platforms, A13.14 use, R29.10 safety requirements, R36.2
CAD. See Computer-aided design (CAD) vapor barrier, R29.1 specifications, R36.1
Cafeterias ventilation, R29.5, 10 tanks, R36.8
air conditioning, A3.4 Carnot refrigeration cycle, F1.6 Chemisorption, A45.6
service water heating, A49.11, 15 Casinos, A3.4, 6 Chickens, F10.12. (See also Animal
Calcium chloride brines, F21.1 Cattle, beef and dairy, A22.7. (See also Animal environments; Poultry)
Candy environments) Chilled water (CW)
chocolate, R28.1 growth, F10.7 cogeneration distribution, S7.30
manufacture heat and moisture production, F10.9 district heating and cooling, S11.3, 19, 31
chilling, R28.3 lactation, F10.7 optimal temperature, A41.17
coating, R28.4 reproduction, F10.8 pumping system, A41.2, 6, 16, 18
cooling, R28.4 CAV. See Constant air volume (CAV) pump sequencing, A41.17, 20
dipping, R28.2 Cavitation, F2.5 reset, A41.16, 18
drying, R28.3 pumps, centrifugal, S39.9 systems, S12.1, 11
enrobing, R28.2 valves, S42.2 central plant, A37.14
plants, R28.1 Ceilings heat transfer vs. flow, A37.7
refrigeration plant, R28.5 air movement, A43.6 one-pipe, S12.12
storage cathedral, F24 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.8
humidity, R28.7 moisture control, F24.6 two-pipe, S12.12
temperature, R28.6 heat loss, F28.10 thermal storage, A34.9, 18
Capillary tubes insulation, A43.5 water treatment, A48.10
capacity balance, R45.24 moisture control, A43.6 Chillers
characteristic curve, R45.25 R-values, F25.14 absorption, S4.1
pressure-reducing device, R45.23 sound correction, A47.25 ammonia-water, R41.7
restrictor orifice, S21.2 sound transmission, A47.33 heat-activated, S7.26
selection, R45.26 Central air conditioning, A41. (See also Air water-lithium bromide, R41.2
Carbon dioxide conditioning) central plants, A46.14; S11.1, 3
in aircraft cabins, A10.9 Central plants control, A46.14
combustion, F18.1, 10 boiler, S11.3 economizing flash-type, R43.1
greenhouse enrichment, A22.15 chiller, S11.1, 3 engine-driven
in animal environments, A22.2 distribution design, S11.4 components, S47.1
liquefaction, R25.7 district heating and cooling, S11.2 controls, S47.4
measurement, F14.22 emission control, S11.4 economics, S47.7
storage, R25.12 heating medium, S11.3 emissions, S47.5
Carbon monoxide hotels and motels, A5.7 engine room ventilation, S47.6
analyzers, A13.7, 8 loads, S4.4 heat rejection/recovery, S47.3
parking garages, A13.10, 11 thermal storage, S11.3 maintenance, S47.3
road tunnels, A13.5 Central systems noise/vibration control, S47.4
tollbooths, A13.8 cooling and heating, S4.1 rating, S47.2
Cargo containers distribution, S4.3 liquid
airborne sound, R29.7 features, S1.3 centrifugal
air circulation, R29.3 furnaces, S28.1 air-cooled, R43.12; S38.12
ambient design factors, R29.6 humidifiers, S20.5 controls, S38.10
commodity precooling, R29.9 instrumentation, S4.3 equipment, R43.8; S38.8
control, R29.5, 11 loads, S4.4 fouling, S38.10
controlled atmosphere, R29.5 residential forced air, S9.1 free cooling, R43.12; S38.12
costs, owning and operating, R29.9 space requirements, S1.4, S4.3 heat recovery, R43.11; S38.11
design, R29.1 CERs, and plant growth, A22.17 maintenance, S38.12
equipment Cetane number, engine fuels, purge units, R43.11; S38.11
attachment provisions, R29.3 F18.6 rating, S38.10
refrigerant velocity, S30.8 Codes, A56. (See also Standards)
selection, R43.9; S38.8 heat transfer, S30.5 air conditioners
transfer units, R43.11; S38.11 masonry, S30.17, 19 room, S46.4
selection methods, S38.10 mass flow, S30.5 unitary, S45.5
chilling systems, R43.1; S38.1 materials, S30.20 boilers, S27.6
controls oil-fired appliance venting, S30.17 building codes, S16.1
capacity, S38.4, 14 resistance coefficients, S30.8 chimneys/fireplaces/gas vents, S30.27
considerations, S38.10 standards, S30.21, 27 cogeneration, S7.47
regulating, R43.4; S38.4 terminations, S30.25 condensers, S35
safety, R43.5; S38.5 wind effects, S30.2, 25 evaporative, S35.19
sensors, R43.4 Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), water-cooled, S35.7
costs, S38.4 A32.7 coolers, liquid, S37.4
direct expansion, R43.1; S38.1 Chocolate, R28.1. (See also Candy) dehumidifiers, room, S46.8
piping, R2 Choking, F2.7 duct construction, S16.1
economizing, R43.1; S38.1 Cinemas, A4.3 electrical, A55.10
equipment selection, R43.4 Claude cycle, R38.5 engines, S7.47
flash, S38.1 Cleanrooms. See Clean spaces furnaces, S28.10
heat recovery, R43.3; S38.3 Clean spaces, A16 makeup air units, S31.9
injection, R43.1; S38.1 aerospace, A16.11 motors, S40.1, 13
maintenance, R43.5, 12, 15; S38.5, 12, 15 air filters, A16.3, 7, 10 nuclear facilities, A26.10
multiple, R43.2; S38.2 airflow, A16.3, 4, 10, 11 piping, S41.6
operation, R43.1 applications, A16.2 service water heating, A49.21
reciprocating biomanufacturing, A16.5 turbines, S7.47
components, S38.6 construction, A16.13 Coefficient of performance (COP)
control, R43.7; S38.7 contaminant control, A16.2, 6 absorption, F1.14
equipment, R43.6; S38.6 cooling, A16.12 compressors, S34.1
performance, S38.6 energy conservation, A16.14 economic (ECOP), cogeneration, S7.33
refrigerant selection, R43.6; S38.6 fire safety, A16.13 refrigeration, F1.3, 14
selection methods, R43.7; S38.7 high-bay, A16.11 room air conditioners, S46.2
refrigeration cycle, S38.1 humidity control, A16.13 Cogeneration, S7
screw makeup air, A16.13, 15 codes, S7.47
applications, R43.15; S38.15 noise control, A16.15 combined-cycle power plants, S7.34
capacity control, R43.14; S38.14 operation, A16.15 controls and instruments, S7.38
components, S38.12 particle sources, A16.2 distribution systems, S7.29
equipment, R43.13; S38.12 pharmaceutical economic feasibility, S7.43
maintenance, S38.15 aseptic, A16.6 estimating, S7.45
performance, S38.13 start-up, A16.8 load duration curve, S7.45
special applications, R43.15 biomanufacturing, A16.5 two-dimensional, S7.47
selection, S38.3, 7, 10 contaminant control, A16.7 simulation, S7.47
standards, S38.5 control/monitoring, A16.8 electrical systems, S7.27
subcooling, R43.1; S38.1 design, A16.6 engines
systems, R43.1 isolators, A16.7 design and installation, S7.35
load distribution, A41.21 nonaseptic, A16.8 sizing, S7.40
noise generation, A47.10; S38.10 unidirectional hoods, A16.7 expansion engines/turbines, S7.35
operation optimization, A46.15 pressurization, A16.14 heat-activated chillers, S7.26
performance, S47.2 process exhaust, A16.13, 15 heat recovery
rating, S47.2 semiconductor, A16.9 engines, S7.19, 20
refrigerant pressure optimization, system sizing/redundancy, A16.14 turbines, S7.24
A46.15 temperature control, A16.13 load profiling, S7.32
sequencing, A41.6, 21, 23 terminology, A16.1 maintenance, S7.40
vapor compression model, F31.14 testing, A16.5 noise and vibration control, S7.39
vibration control, A47.12; S38.10 vibration control, A16.15 packaged systems, S7.32
Chilton-Colburn j-factor analogy, F5.7 Climate peak shaving, S7.33
Chimneys, S30 design information, F27 performance, S7.33
accessories, S30.23 test chambers, R37.1 prime movers
capacity calculation examples, S30.11 Clothing engines, S7.1
caps, S30.25 insulation, clo units, F8.8 fuel cells, S7.35
codes, S30.27 moisture permeability, F8.8 selection, S7.32
design equations, S30.2 Clo units, F8.8 thermal output, S7.19
draft, S30.1 CLTD. See Cooling load temperature turbines
altitude correction, S30.7 differential (CLTD) combustion, S7.8, 42
available, S30.1, 3, 7 CLTD/CLF. See Cooling load temperature steam, S7.12, 42
theoretical, S30.1, 2, 7 differential method with solar cooling load regulatory issues, S7.28
fireplace, S30.19 factors (CLTD/CLF) standards, S7.47
flow losses, S30.7 Coal terminology, S7.43
flue gas, S30.1 classification, F18.7 thermal energy storage, S7.33
friction loss, S30.8 handling facilities, A25.6, 9 unconventional systems, S7.35
functions, S30.1 heating value, F18.8 utilization systems
gas stokers, S26.9 air, S7.31
appliance venting, S30.17 types, F18.7 desiccant systems, S7.32
temperature, S30.5 Coanda effect, F32.6 district heating/cooling, S7.32
Composite Index I.7
HVAC, S7.32 coals ducts
hydronic, S7.31 characteristics, F18.7 construction, S16.2
requirements, S7.30 classification, F18.7 design, small applications, S9.12
service hot water, S7.32 heating value, F18.8 furnaces, S28.8
vibration control, foundations, S7.39 types, F18.7 garages, A3.10
Coils continuous, F18.2 general criteria, A3.1
air-cooling, S2.8 control, S26.14 humidifiers, S20.5
airflow resistance, S21.6 diesel fuel, F18.6 indoor air quality, F26.9
applications, S21.1, 3 efficiency boilers, S27.5 kitchen ventilation, A31.1
aqueous glycol coils, S21.1 engine fuels, cetane number, F18.6 load characteristics, A3.1
construction/arrangement, S21.1 excess air, F18.9 malls, A2.6
control, A46.4; S21.2 fuel oils, F18.5 nightclubs, A3.4, 6
direct-expansion coils, S21.2 gaseous fuels office buildings, A3.6
fluid flow arrangement, S21.3 flammability limits, F18.1 restaurants, A3.4, 5
heat transfer, S21.6 illuminants, F18.9 retail facilities, A2.1
load determination, S21.14 liquefied petroleum gas, F18.4 service water heating, A49.10
maintenance, S21.15 natural gas, F18.4 ship docks, A3.10
performance types and properties, F18.4 transportation centers, A3.9
cooling/dehumidifying, S21.9 gas turbine fuel, F18.6 warehouses, A3.11
cooling-only, S21.7 heating values, F18.3 Commissioning. (See also Building
rating, S21.5 ignition temperature, F18.2 commissioning)
refrigerant coils, S21.2 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25.27 desiccant dehumidifiers, S22.7
selection, S21.5 lean burn, S47.6 design, A46.19
on ships, A11.4 liquid fuels, F18.5 laboratories, A14.19
water coils, S21.1 engines, F18.6 makeup air units, S31.10
air-heating, S23.1 principles, F18.1 pumps, centrifugal, S39.13
applications, S23.4 pulse, F18.2 thermal storage systems, A34.20
aqueous glycol, S23.2 reactions, F18.1 Communications centers, A3.9
construction, S23.1 solid fuels, F18.6 Compressors
control, A46.5 soot, F18.16 air conditioners, room, S46.2
design, S23.1 stoichiometric, F18.1; S47.6 ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.2
electric, A46.6; S23.3 venting, S30.1 centrifugal, S7.41
maintenance, S23.5 Combustion and fuels, F18 angular momentum, S34.27
rating, S23.4 Combustion turbine inlet air cooling capacity control, S34.31
refrigerant, S23.3 (CTIAC), S7 critical speed, S34.32
selection, S23.3 Comfort. (See also Physiological principles, design, S34.34, 35
shipboard, A11.4 humans) drivers, S34.33
steam, A46.5; S23.2 environmental indices, F8.19 efficiency, S34.30
water, A46.5; S14.8; S23.2 environmental parameters isentropic analysis, S34.27
condensers, S35 air velocity, F14.28 lubrication, S34.34
air-cooled, S35.8 asymmetric thermal radiation, F8.13 Mach number, S34.30
evaporative, S35.15 draft, F8.13 noise, S34.33
dehumidifying, S21.1 floor temperature, F8.14 paralleling, S34.34
desuperheating, S35.17 radiant temperature, F8.10, 12; F14.28 polytropic analysis, S34.28
energy recovery loops, S44.15 vertical air temperature difference, F8.14 refrigeration cycle, S34.26
halocarbon refrigeration systems, humidity, F14.29; S20.1 surging, S34.31
R2.28 local discomfort, F8.13 testing, S34.31
heat/mass simultaneous transfer, F5.13 nonuniform conditions, F8.13 turbocompressors, S34.26
heat reclaim, S23.3 predicted mean vote (PMV), F8.16; F14.29 vibration, S34.33
preheat, S2.7 predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F8.17 chemical industry refrigeration, R36.6
reheat, S2.8; S23.2 radiant heating, A53.3 drives, R3.2
Colebrook equation special environments dynamic, S34.1
friction factor, F34.7 extreme cold, F8.25 engine-driven, S7.40, 42
pressure drop, F35.1 hot and humid environments, F8.24 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R2.25
Collectors, solar, A33.6, 11, 23, 25; S33.3 infrared heating, F8.22 heat pump systems, S8.6
(See also Solar energy) radiant heating, comfort equations, F8.23 liquid chiller, R43.1
Combustion air systems, S7.6 steady-state energy balance, F8.16 motors, S40.4
air pollution, F18.13 thermal sensation scale, F8.12 noise generation, A4710
air required, S7.6; S30.20 zones, F8.12, 18; F9.11 operation and maintenance, S34.35
altitude compensation, F18.3 Commercial and public buildings orbital, S34.22
analysis, F14.31 air leakage, F26.24 positive-displacement, S34.3
burners airports, A3.9 performance, S34.1
gas, S26.3 bars, A3.4, 5 reciprocating, S7.40; S34.4
oil, S26.4 bowling centers, A3.8 application, S34.9
calculations burners, gas, S26.2 capacity control, S34.8
air required, F18.8 burners, oil, S26.5 crankcase, R2.34
efficiency, F18.12 bus terminals, A3.10 features, S34.7
flue gas dew point, F18.10 cafeterias, A3.4 lubrication, S34.8
flue gas produced, F18.10 casinos, A3.4, 6 parallel, R3.10
theoretical carbon dioxide, F18.10 central cooling systems, A41.1 performance, S34.4
water vapor produced, F18.10 communications centers, A3.9 special devices, S34.8
types, S34.4 for smoke control analysis, A52.12 rating, S35.17
valves, S34.7 terminology, A39.2 standards, S35.19
retail food store refrigeration, R47.13 utilities, A39.2, 12 water, S35.18
rotary, R3.12; S34.9, 11 supervisory control, A39.14 halocarbon refrigeration systems
screw, S7.42 World Wide Web, A39.16 air-cooled, R2.34
lubricant cooling, R3.13 Concert halls, A4.4 evaporative, R2.33
single, S34.12 Concrete piping, R2.24
capacity control, S34.14 cooling, R35.1 pressure control, R2.33
compression process, S34.11 pozzolanic admixtures, R35.1 water, R2.33
economizers, S34.13, 14 selection, R35.1 retail food store refrigeration, R47.14
lubrication, S34.13 thermal design, R35.4 water-cooled, S35.1
noise/vibration, S34.17 water heating for, A49.19 circuiting, S35.5
oil-injected, S34.13 Condensate codes, S35.7
performance, S34.16 steam systems, F35.14; S10.6; S11.7‚ 18 Darcy-Weisbach equation, S35.4
volume ratio, S34.14 water treatment, A48.11 fouling factor, S35.3
twin, S34.17 Condensation heat removal, S35.1
capacity control, S34.18 concealed, S20.3 heat transfer, S35.2
compression process, S34.17 dropwise, F4.7 liquid subcooling, S35.5
economizers, S34.21 energy recovery equipment, S44.5, 13 maintenance, S35.7
hermetic, S34.21 film, F4.7 noncondensable gases, S35.6
lubrication, S34.20 heat transfer coefficients, F4.8 pressure drop, S35.4
volume ratio, S34.18 noncondensable gases, F4.10 standards, S35.7
scroll, S34.22 oil-fired appliances, S30.17 types, S35.5
capacity control, S34.24 prevention, F24.4 water-cooled, S35.1
efficiency, S34.24 dehumidification for, S22.9 Conductance, thermal, F3.3
noise/vibration, S34.24 steam, F4.10 Conduction
trochoidal (Wankel), S34.25 tubes, F4.9, 10 display cases, R47.4
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), F33 visible, S20.2 steady-state, F3.1
applications, F33.4 Condensers Conductivity, thermal
equations, F33.3 air conditioners, room, S46.2 foods, R8.9
multispecies flows, F33.3 air-cooled, S35 soils, F25.16
post processors, F33.3 air requirements, S35.9 Constant air volume (CAV)
preprocessors, F33.3 coil construction, S35.8 control, A41.2
theory, F33.1 condensing unit, S35.10 supply air temperature reset, A41.27
turbulence modeling, F33.4 control, S35 vs. variable air volume (VAV), A14.12
viscosity modeling, F33.4 air-side, S35.12 Constant-volume, all-air systems
Computer-aided design (CAD). See low-pressure-drop, S35.11 dual-duct, S2.11
Computers refrigerant-side, S35.11 single-duct, S2.9
Computers, A39 fans, S35.9 terminal units, S2.13
abbreviations for programming, F36.1 heat transfer, S35.9 Construction. (See also Building envelopes)
BACnet®, A39.14 installation, S35.13 curtain wall, F30.5
building automation systems (BAS), A39.14 machine room, R47.14 glass block wall, F30.40
computational fluid dynamics, A13.6; A39.9; maintenance, S35.13 wood frame, F24.1
A52.12 noise, R47.16 Containers. (See also Cargo containers)
computer-aided design (CAD), A16.4, pressure drop, S35.9 air transport, R31.3
A39.10 rating, S35.10 marine transport, R30.2
design tools remote from compressor, R47.15; S35.10 Contaminants
acoustic calculations, A39.7 ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.2 clean spaces, A16.3, 7
computational fluid dynamics, A39.10 horizontal shell-and-tube, R3.15 food, R11.1
computer-aided design (CAD), A39.10 parallel horizontal shell-and-tube, gaseous, F12.1
duct design, A39.6 R3.16 animal environments, F10.4
equipment selection/simulation, A39.8 piping, R3.15 combustion, F18.13; S25.27; S47.613
load calculations, A39.5 cascade, R44.1 concentration, indoor
piping design, A39.7 chemical industry refrigeration, R36.6 measurement, A45.3; F14.31
refrigerant properties, A39.12 in chillers, S38.6, 8, 13 prediction, A45.2
smoke control analysis, A52.12, 13 circuiting, S35.5 control, A45.3
ventilation, A39.12 evaporative, R47.15; S35.14 adsorption, A45.5; S25.24
tunnel, A13.5 airflow, S35.15 catalysis, A45.6
environmental control for, A17 capacity control, S35.18 chemisorption, A45.6
equipment, A39.8 codes, S35.19 desiccant dehumidification, S22.9
graphics, A39.10 coils, S35.15 dilution ventilation, A45.4
hardware, A39.1 desuperheating, S35.17 hoods/local exhaust, A45.4
HVAC simulation, A39.9 wetting method, S35.15 incineration, S25.27
Internet, A39.15 freeze prevention, S35.16 source elimination, A45.3
peripherals, A39.4 heat transfer, S35.14 wet-packed scrubbers, S25.19
software, A39.2 liquid subcoolers, S35.17 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS),
custom programming, A39.4 location, R3.16; S35.16 A45.1; F9.6; F12.2
development tools, A39.4 maintenance, S35.19 fogs, F12.2
HVAC, A39.5 multicircuiting with liquid coolers, S35.17 flammable, F12.15, 16
readymade, A39.4 multiple-condenser installations, S35.16 inorganic, F9.11
for road tunnel ventilation, A13.5 purging, S35.18 measurement, A45.3; F14.30
Composite Index I.9
mists, F12.2 central air conditioning, A41.1 plant growth chambers, A22.17
nuclear facilities, A26.3, 5, 6 chemical plants, R36.3 processes, A45.5
odors, F13.1 chilled water pumps, A41.6, 16, 18 radiant panels, A46.8; S6.19
ozone, A45.9 chillers, A41.21; A46.14 radioactivity, A26.6
plant environments, F10.20 engine-driven, S47.4 rail car air conditioning, A9.13
polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), clean spaces, noise and vibration, A16.15 refrigerant flow, R45.1
F9.5 cogeneration systems, S7.38 residential heating/cooling, A1.5
radioactive, F12.16 combustion turbines, S7.11 road tunnel ventilation, A13.7
radon, A45.10; F9.16 components, F15.4 scale, A48.4
smog, F12.2 condensers, S35 ship air conditioning
sources, A45.1 evaporative, S35.18 merchant, A11.3
vapors, flammable, F12.15, 16 cooling, S6.19 naval surface, A11.4
volatile organic compounds (VOC), coils, A46.4; S21.2 smoke, A52.1
A45.5 tower fans, A41.12 snow-melting systems, A50.10
health effects, F9.9 towers, A46.4 solar energy, A33.13, 24, 26; S33.18
organism destruction, R11.4 corrosion, A48.2, 9 differential temperature controller, S33.18
particulate dehumidifying coils, S21.2 hot water dump, S33.19
aerosols, S24.1 design principles over-temperature protection, S33.18
animal environments, F10.4 building/mechanical subdivision, A46.18 sound, A47.1, 41; F7.11
asbestos, F9.4 controlled area size, A46.19 static pressure
classification, F12.1 energy conservation, A46.18 limit control, A46.17
collection mechanisms, S24.2; load matching, A46.18 variable flow rates, A46.2
S25.11, 16 mechanical/electrical coordination, steam systems, S10.13
combustion, F18.13; S47.6 A46.17 steam turbines, S7.13
dusts, S24.1 sensor location, A46.19 terminal units, A46.9; S3.10
combustible, F12.16 system selection, A46.18 thermal, in insulation, F24.1
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), duct heaters, A46.17 thermal storage systems, A34.4, 20; A41.29
F12.2 economizers, A46.5 unit heaters, S31.7
fogs, F12.1, 4 electric heating slabs, S6.20 unit ventilators, A46.11; S31.3
fumes, F12.1 energy recovery equipment, S44.6, 14, 17 variable air volume (VAV) systems, A41.2;
measurement, F14.31 engines, S7.6 A46.1
mists, F12.1, 4 environmental test facilities, R37.4 vibration, A47.38
pollen, F12.5 fans, A46.1; S18.8 zone systems, A46.13
polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), air volume, S40.7 zone valves, S10.14
F9.5 fire, A52.1 Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage
radioactive, F12.16 fixed-guideway vehicle air conditioning, apples, R21.3
size distribution, F12.1 A9.14 apricots, R21.13
smogs, F12.1, 4 forced-air systems, small, S9.2 berries, R21.13
smokes, F12.1 freeze protection system, A50.20 cherries, sweet, R21.12
suspended particles, F12.13 furnaces, S28.1, 7 figs, R21.14
counters, F12.5 gaseous contaminants, A45.1 grapes, R21.8
synthetic vitreous fibers, F9.5 heaters, S29.2, 4 nectarines, R21.12
refrigerant systems, R6 infrared, S15.4 peaches, R21.12
dirt, R6.6 heating coils, A46.5 pears, R21.6, 7
field assembly, R6.8 heat pumps, A46.6; S47.9, 10 plums, R21.11
filter-driers, R6.6 heat recovery systems, S8.19 refrigerated facilities, R13.3
generation by high temperature, R5.10 heat timers, S10.13 strawberries, R21.13
lubricants, R6.7 humidifiers, S20.8 vegetables, R23.6
metallic, R6.6 humidity, A46.6; S20.1; S22.1 Controlled-environment rooms (CERs), and
moisture, R6.1 hydronic heating systems, A46.1, 16; S12.9; plant growth, A22.16
motor burnout, R6.8, 11 S14.8 Controls, automatic, F15. (See also Control)
noncondensable gases, R6.7 justice facilities, A8.2 classification, F15.4
residual cleaning agents, R6.7 kitchen ventilation, A31.19 closed loop (feedback), F15.1
sludge, tars, and wax, R6.7 laboratory systems, A14.12 components
solvents, R6.7 liquid chillers, R43.4, 7, 11, 14 auxiliary, F15.11
special system characteristics, R6.12 considerations, S38.7, 10, 14 controlled devices
textile processing, A19.6 types, S38.4 actuator, F15.4
Continuity, fluid dynamics, F2.2 low-temperature, R3.6 dampers, F15.4, 6
Control. (See also Controls, automatic) makeup air units, A46.13; S31.9 operator, F15.4
absorption units, R41.6, 9 moisture in insulation, F24.1 positive positioners, F15.7
air-conditioning components, A17.5 motor control protection, S40.6 valves, F15.4
air-cooled condensers, S35.11 motors, S40.4, 6 controllers
aircraft cabin pressure, A10.6, 8 multizone systems, A46.13 direct digital, A37.16; F15.4, 10, 17
air-handling systems, A41.26; A46.11 noise and vibration, S7.7 electric/electronic, F15.10
all-air systems, S2.14 nuclear facilities, A26.5 pneumatic receiver, F15.10
automobile air conditioning, A9.6 optimization, A41.1 static pressure, A46.2, 17
biological growth, A48.5 outdoor air quantity, A46.8 thermostats, F15.10
boilers, A46.1; S27.6 paper moisture content, A18.2 sensors, F15.8
building pressurization, A46.2 parking garage ventilation, A13.11 flow rate, F15.9
burners, S26.12 photographic materials processing, A20.2 humidity (hygrometers), F15.9
bus terminal ventilation, A13.16 pipe-tracing systems, A50.20 indoor air quality, F15.9
lighting level, F15.9 propylene, F21.3 Cooling load
location, A46.19 service considerations, F21.12 calculation
power sensing/transmission, F15.9 low-temperature refrigeration, R39.11 with radiant time series (RTS), F29.32
pressure, F15.9 methylene chloride (R-30), F21.13 central plant, S4.4
transducers, electronic-to-pneumatic nonhalocarbon nonaqueous fluids, coil, F29.2
(E/P), F15.11 F21.13 estimation, F29.2
computers, A39.14; F15.4 polydimethylsiloxane, F21.15 exterior zones, S3.1
control action types, F15.2, 3, 16 propylene glycol, F21.3 nonresidential, F29.2
dampers, F15.6 refrigeration systems, R4.1 building design considerations, F29.2
actuator mounting, F15.7 sodium chloride solutions, F21.1 energy balance, F29.6
actuators, F15.7 trichloroethylene (R-1120), F21.13 heat balance, F29.2
blade Coolers. (See also Refrigerators) conduction transfer functions, F29.23
multi-, F15.6 beverage, R25.11 heat gain
opposed-, F15.6 cryocoolers, R38.8 calculation, F29.3
parallel-, F15.6 forced-circulation air, R42.1 fenestration, F29.13
single-, F15.7 installation and operation, R42.6 sol-air temperature, F29.15
direct digital (DDC), A37.16; F15.4, 10, 17 liquid. (See also Evaporators) heat sources, F29.3
energy source classification, F15.4 Baudelot, S37.2 methods, F29.1
explosive atmospheres, A46.16 brazed (semiwelded) plate, S37.1 sol-air temperature, F29.15
feedback (closed loop), F15.1 direct-expansion, S37.1 refrigeration, S3.7
fuzzy logic, F15.3 evaporative, with evaporative condensers, residential calculations, F28.5
mobile applications, A46.16 S35.17 block load, F28.1
open loop, F15.1 flooded, S37.2 cooling load temperature differential
positive positioners, F15.7 freeze prevention, S37.5 (CLTD), F28.2
proportional/integral (PI), F15.3 heat transfer, S37.2
glass load factor (GLF), F28.2
proportional/integral/derivative (PID), F15.3 latent factor, F28.5
coefficients, S37.3
proportional-only (P), F15.3 sensible heat factor, F28.5
fouling factors, S37.4
refrigerant flow, R45.1 shade line factor (SLF), F28.2
in chillers, S38.6, 8, 12
safety, A46.16 shading coefficient, F28.2
sensors, R45.4 maintenance, S37.5 space, F29.2
switches, R45.1 oil return, S37.5 Cooling load temperature differential (CLTD),
systems, F15.1 piping, R2.26, 27 F28.2
terminology, F15.1 pressure drop, S37.4 Cooling load temperature differential method
testing, A37.16 refrigerant flow control, S37.5 with solar cooling load factors (CLTD/CLF),
transducers, pressure, R45.4 residential, A1.4 nonresidential, F29.1
tuning, F15.3, 16, 17 shell-and-coil, S37.2 Cooling towers
valves, F15.4 shell-and-tube, S37.1, 2 approach to wet bulb, A41.6, 12; S36.1
actuators, F15.6 tube-in-tube, S37.1 capacity control, A46.4; S36.2
flow characteristics, F15.5 vessel design requirements, S37.4 airflow, A41.13
selection/sizing, F15.5, 6 retail food store, R47.1 fan cycling, S36.8
Convection walk-in, R47.11; R48.4 fan sequencing, A41.13
flow, fully developed turbulent, F3.13 water, R25.11 flow modulation, A41.8
forced, F3.13 Cooling. (See also Air conditioning) modulating dampers, S36.8
evaporation in tubes, F4.5 absorption equipment, R41.1 two-speed fans, S36.8
laminar, F3.13 animal environments, A22.4 variable-frequency fan drives, S36.8
transition region, F3.13 bakery products, R27.4 variable- vs. fixed-speed fans, A41.8
turbulent, F3.13 concrete construction materials, S36.7
free, F3.11 active systems, F35.6 design conditions, S36.2
mass, F5.5 air blast, R35.2 drift, S36.10
natural, F3.11; F4.1 chilled water, R35.1 eliminators, S36.10, 12
steam heating systems, S10.12 embedded coils, R35.1 economics, S36.7
Convectors inundation, R35.2 fill, S36.3
application, S32.5 passive, F35.4 fogging, S36.10
design effects, S32.4 controls, S6.19 free cooling, S36.9
heat-distributing unit, S32.1 ebullient, S7.21, 36 freeze protection, S13.3; S36.10
nonstandard condition corrections, S32.3 foods and beverages, time calculations, heat/mass simultaneous transfer, F5.13
rating, S32.3 R9.1 indirect evaporative coolers, S13.3; S19.4
Convention centers, A4.5 fruits and vegetables inspections, S36.11
Coolants, secondary forced-air, R14.4 Legionella pneumophila, S36.12, 13
brines hydrocooling, R14.3 maintenance, S36.11
corrosion inhibition, A48.10; F21.2 load calculation, R14.1 model, F31.16
properties, F21.1 package icing, R14.6 number of transfer units (NTU), S36.15
calcium chloride solutions rate, R14.3 performance
properties, F21.1 vacuum cooling, R14.7 curves, S36.13
d-limonene, F21.15 geothermal energy systems, A32.11 monitoring, S36.11
environmental test facilities, R37.2 greenhouses, A22.13 thermal, S36.14
ethylene glycol, F21.3 radiant panel systems, S6.1 tower coefficients, S36.18
halocarbons, F21.13 radiative, A33.17 piping, S13.2; S36.8
inhibited glycols solar energy systems, A33.16, 18, 26 plumes, S36.10
corrosion inhibition, F21.12 water systems, S12.1, 11, 12 principle of operation, S36.1
ethylene, F21.3 dynamometers, A15.4 recommissioning, A48.8
Composite Index I.11
selection, S36.7 natural gas, A36.4 Joule-Thomson cycle, R38.4
shutdown, A48.9 other fuels, A36.5 Linde cycle, R38.4
siting, S36.7 snow-melting systems, A50.8, 10 liquefaction
sound, attenuators, S36.10 owning balanced flow condition, R38.4
start-up, A48.8 initial, A36.1 of gases, R38.3
testing, A37.15; S36.14 insurance, A36.3 liquid-level sensors, R38.24
theory, S36.15 taxes, A36.3 mixed refrigerant cycle, R38.6
counterflow integration, S36.16 periodic, A36.3 natural gas processing, R38.15
cross-flow integration, S36.17 refrigerant phaseout, A36.6 properties
heat/mass transfer, S36.15 Cotton drying, A23.9; F11.12 electrical, R38.3
types, S4.1 Courts, A8.1 fluids, R38.1
direct contact, S36.3, 5 CPVC. See Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride magnetic, R38.3
indirect contact, S36.2, 6 (CPVC) materials, R38.1
open systems, S13.1 Crawlspaces mechanical, R38.3
water treatment, A48.4, 8, 9; S13.2; S36.13 heat loss, F28.9 thermal, R38.2
winter operation, S36.10 insulation, A43.1 purification of gases, R38.15
inspections, S36.12 moisture control, F24.10 recovery of gases, R38.13, 14
Cool storage, A34.1 temperature, F28.9 separation of gases, Gibbs phase rule, R38.12
COP. See Coefficient of performance (COP) vented vs. unvented, A43.1 staging, R38.11
Corn wall insulation, A43.2 Stirling cycle, R38.10
drying, A23.1; F11.12 Criteria pollutants, F12.13 CTIAC. See Combustion turbine inlet air
fungi, F11.2 Crops. See Farm crops cooling (CTIAC)
Corrosion Cryogenics Curtain walls, F30.5
brines, F21.2 biomedical applications CW. See Chilled water (CW)
concentration cell corrosion, A48.2 cryomicroscopy, R40.6 Cycloparaffins, R7.2
contributing factors, A48.2 cryopreservation, R40.1 Dairy products
control, A48.2, 3, 9 cryoprotective agents, R40.2 aseptic packaging, R19.21
in boilers, A48.10 cryosurgery, R40.7 butter
cathodic protection, A48.4 induced hypothermia, R40.7 manufacture, R19.6
buried pipe, S11.23 refrigeration, R40.1 refrigeration load, R19.9
in cooling towers, A48.4 specimen preparation, R40.6, 7 buttermilk, R19.5
cycles of concentration, A48.3 Brayton cycle, R38.8 cheese
in geothermal energy systems, A32.7 cascade cycle, R38.6 cheese room refrigeration, R19.13
inhibitors, A48.3 Claude cycle, R38.5 manufacture, R19.10
materials selection, A48.3 cryobiological, R40.8 cream, R19.5
passivation, A48.4 cryocoolers display refrigerators, R47.6
protective coatings, A48.3 recuperative ice cream
in steam/condensate systems, A48.11 Brayton, R38.10 freezing, R19.17
energy recovery equipment, S44.5 Joule-Thomson, R38.8 hardening, R19.17
inhibited glycols, F21.12 regenerative milkfat content, R19.13
microorganism influence, A48.2, 5 Gifford-McMahon, R38.11 mix preparation, R19.15
oil-fired appliances, S30.18 orifice pulse tube, R38.10 refrigeration equipment, R19.19
oxygen corrosion, A48.2, 11 Stirling, R38.10 refrigeration requirements, R19.16
secondary coolant systems, R4.5 cryopumping, R38.1 milk
service water systems, A49.7 engineering, R38.1 dry, R19.23
types, A48.2 equipment evaporated, R19.22
white rust, A48.4 coiled-tube exchanger, R38.18 fresh
Costs. (See also Economics) compressors, R38.16 processing, R19.2
all-air systems, S2.3 expansion devices, R38.17 production, R19.1
analysis period, A36.2 heat exchangers storage, R19.4
economic analysis techniques construction, R38.18 sweetened condensed, R19.22
cash flow, A36.12 effectiveness, R38.17 thermal properties, R8.1
computer analysis, A36.12 regenerators, R38.19 UHT sterilization, R19.19
life-cycle cost analyses, A36.8 systems, R38.16 yogurt, R19.5
present value (worth), A36.8 turboalternators, R38.17 Dampers
simple payback, A36.8 turboexpanders R38.17 air outlet, S17.3, 4, 5
uniform annualized costs, A36.10 fluids controls, automatic, F15.6, 7
energy, A36.3, 7 cold burns R38.24 fire and smoke control, A52.8
financing alternatives, A36.7 flammability, R38.26 furnaces, S28.2, 7
inflation, A36.9 storage vessels, R38.22 modulating, S36.8
interest/discount rate, A36.2 transfer, R38.23 multilouver, S17.5
laboratory systems, A14.19 freezers, industrial, R15.5 multishutter, S17.3
life-cycle, A36.10 hazards, R38.24 opposed blade, S2.6; S17.3, 5
energy recovery equipment, S44.1 Heylandt cycle, R38.5 outdoor air, A46.8
operation and maintenance, A38.1 isenthalpic expansion, R38.4 parallel blade, S2.7
piping insulation, S11.16 isentropic expansion, R38.5 return air, S2.7
maintenance, A36.5 instrumentation, R38.23 sound control, A47.7
operating insulation splitter, S17.5
actual, A36.3 low-temperature, R38.20 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.27
electrical energy, A36.4 selection (table), R38.23 vent, S30.25
maintenance, A36.5 thermal conductivity (table), R38.20 Dams, concrete cooling, R35.1
Darcy equation, F34.7 Dental facilities, A7.14 constant flow, S11.4
Darcy-Weisbach equation Desiccants, F22.1; S22.1 construction, S11.18
ductwork sectional losses, F34.12 absorption, S22.1 entry pits, S11.24
pressure drop, F2.8; F35.1 adsorption, S22.1 hydraulic design, S11.6
water-cooled condensers, S35.4 cosorption of water vapor/air contaminants, insulation
water systems, S39.4 F22.6 economical thickness, S11.16
Data processing areas dehumidification, S22.1 pipe, S11.8, 17, 21
air-conditioning systems, A17.1, 2, 5 cogeneration, S7.32 pipe, S11.6
humidification, A17.5; S20.1 glycols, S22.2 thermal design conditions, S11.7
controls, A17.5 isotherms, F22.5 underground systems, S11.19
cooling loads, A17.2 life, F22.5 valve vaults, S11.25
design criteria, A17.1 liquid, S22.2, 3 variable-flow, S11.5
direct-cooled computer equipment, A17.5 lithium chloride, S22.2 water hammer, S11.6
energy conservation, A17.6 materials, F22.1 economics, S11.2
fire protection, A17.6 refrigerant system, R6.5 geothermal heating systems, A32.9
heat recovery, A17.6 equilibrium curves, R6.4 heating conversion to, S11.31
instrumentation, A17.6 moisture, R6.3 heat transfer analysis, S11.9
return air, A17.5 types ground to air, S11.10
supply air distribution, A17.3 liquid absorbents, F22.3 pipes in
Daylighting solid adsorbents, F22.4 air, S11.16
interior building illumination, F30.56 Desuperheaters buried trenches/tunnels, S11.14
light transmittance, F30.58 air conditioners, unitary, S45.4 shallow trenches, S11.15
solar radiation, F30.1 condensers, evaporative, S35.17 single buried pipe, S11.10
Defrosting heat pumps, unitary, S45.4 soil temperature calculation, S11.9
air coolers, forced-circulation, R42.4 Diamagnetism, and superconductivity, R38.3 two pipes buried, S11.12
air-source heat pump coils, S8.7, 8; S45.9 Diffusion metering, S11.32
ammonia liquid recirculation systems, R3.22 coefficient, F5.2 pressure losses, S11.6
heat pumps, engine-driven, S47.9, 10 eddy, F5.7 thermal storage, A34.9; S11.3
household refrigerators and freezers, R49.6 molecular, F5.1 water systems, S11.1
meat coolers, R16.2 space air, F32.1 d-limonene, F21.13
retail food store refrigerators, R47.17 Diffusivity, thermal, of foods, R8.17 DNS. See Direct numerical simulation (DNS)
Degree-day method, F31.17 Dilution Docks, A3.10
variable-base, F31.19 exhaust, A44.6; F16.10 Doors, F30.1, 11
Dehumidification, A46.7; S22 smoke, A52.4 environmental test facilities, R37.6
absorption, S22.9 ventilation, A29.2; A45.4 U-factors, F25.14
adsorption, S22.9 Dimensionless numbers, F3.2 Dormitories
air washers, S19.7 DIR. See Dispersive infrared (DIR) air conditioning, A5.8
all-air systems, S2.5 Direct numerical simulation (DNS), turbulence design criteria, A5.1
desiccant, S22.1 modeling, F33.4 energy systems, A5.1
applications, S22.1, 8 Discharge coefficients, F2.11 load characteristics, A5.1
air-conditioning systems, S22.9 Dispersive infrared (DIR), F15.9 service water heating, A49.11, 12, 14
condensation prevention, S22.9 Display cases, R47.1, 4 Draft
gaseous contaminant control, S22.9 District heating and cooling air diffusion, F32.12
industrial processes, S22.8 applicability, S11.1 burners, S26.14
materials storage, S22.8 central plants chimney, S30.1
testing, S22.9, 10 boiler, S11.3 altitude correction, S30.7
ventilation air preconditioning, S22.8 chiller, A46.14; S11.1, 3 available, S30.1, 3, 7
capacity, S22.2 chiller, S11.1, 3 theoretical, S30.1, 2, 7
equipment, S22.3 distribution design, S11.4 comfort affected by, F8.13
high-pressure, S22.9 emission control, S11.4 cooling towers, S36.3, 5
liquid, F22.3 equipment, S11.2 Drag, F2.5
solid, F22.4 heating medium, S11.3 Driers, R6.6. (See also Dryers)
environmental test facilities, R37.4 thermal storage, S11.3 Drip station, steam systems, S11.7
evaporative cooling, A51.2; S19.7 cogeneration, S7.32 Dryers. (See also Driers)
performance factor, S19.7 components, S11.1 commercial/industrial
residential, A1.5 consumer interconnections adsorption, S22.9, 10
Dehumidifiers chilled water, S11.3, 19, 31 agitated-bed, A28.6
components, S46.7 components, S11.27 calculations, A28.2
desiccant, S22 direct connection, S11.26 conduction, A28.3
liquid, S22.3 flow control, S11.28 constant-moisture solvent, A28.7
operating concerns, S22.7 hot water, S11.30 convection, A28.4
rotary solid, S22.4 indirect connection heat exchangers, dielectric, A28.4
solid, S22.4 S11.27 drying time determination, A28.1
room, S46.7 steam, S11.18, 29 flash, A28.6
Dehydration temperature differential control, fluidized-bed, A28.6
farm crops, A23.1; F11.1 S11.31 freeze drying, A28.6
industrial systems for, A28.1 costs, A36.7 mechanism, A28.1
refrigeration systems, R46.1 distribution systems microwave, A28.4
Density aboveground, S11.18, 19 psychrometrics, A28.1
fluids, F2.1 condensate drainage/return, S11.7, 19 radiant infrared, A28.3
modeling, R8.7 conduits, S11.21, 23 selection, A28.3
superheated vapor, A28.6 kitchen exhaust, S16.5 compressors
tunnel, A28.5 master specifications, S16.6 single-screw, S34.13, 14
ultraviolet (UV), A28.3 moist air, S16.5 twin-screw, S34.21
vacuum drying, A28.6 outdoor ducts, S16.6 control, A41.26
desiccant, high-pressure, S22.9 residential, S16.2 cycle, A46.5
farm crops, A23.1 seismic qualification, S16.6 humidification load calculation, S20.3
Drying sheet metal welding, S16.6 kitchen ventilation, A31.15
air, S22.10 standards, S16.1 water-side, S5.2
desiccant, high-pressure, S22.9 commercial, S16.2 ECOP. See Economic coefficient of
farm crops, A23.1; F11.1 industrial, S16.4 performance (ECOP)
gases, S22.10 residential, S16.2 ECS. See Environmental control system
DTW. See Dual-temperature water (DTW) thermal insulation, S16.6 (ECS)
system underground, S16.5 Eddy diffusivity, F5.7
Dual-duct systems desiccant dehumidifiers, S22.7 Educational facilities
all-air systems, S2.11 efficiency testing, S9.12 air conditioning, A6
control, A46.13 equivalent diameter, F2.10 service water heating, A49.17
terminal boxes, A46.10 fibrous glass, S16.3 EER. See Energy efficiency ratio (EER)
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.3 flat oval, F34.8, S16.3 Effectiveness, heat transfer, F3.4
Dual-temperature water (DTW) system, S12.1 fluid flow, F2.1 Effective radiant flux (ERF), A53.2
DuBois equation, F8.3 forced-air systems, small, S9.1, 5 Efficiency
Duct design friction chart, F34.8 air conditioners
all-air systems, S2.9 heaters for, control, A46.17 room, S46.2
Altshul-Tsal equation, F34.7 industrial exhaust systems, A30.5 unitary, S45.5
Bernoulli equation, F34.1 insulation, F24.16; F34.14 boilers, S27.5
Colebrook equation, F34.7 leakage, F34.15; S16.2 combustion, F18.12
commercial, small applications, S9.12 noise in, A47.7 compressors
computer analysis, A39.6 noncircular, F34.8 centrifugal, S34.30
Darcy equation, F34.7 plastic, S16.5 positive-displacement, S34.2
Darcy-Weisbach equation, F34.12 rectangular, F34.8; S16.2, 5 reciprocating, S34.6
design considerations road tunnels, A13.7 rotary, S34.10
space pressure relationships, F34.14 roughness factors, F34.7 scroll, S34.24
velocities for HVAC components, F34.17 round, S16.2, 5 single-screw, S34.16
duct fitting database, F34.12 ships, A11.3 fins, F3.20
dynamic losses sound forced-air systems, small, S9.12
duct fitting database, F34.12 attenuation, A47.13 furnaces, S9.13; S28.5, 7
local loss coefficients, F34.8 control, F7.8 heat pumps, unitary, S45.5
fan-system interface, F34.12 transmission, A47.20 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25.3
fire safety, F34.14 velocity measurement in, F14.16 infrared heaters, S15.3
fitting loss coefficients vibration control, A47.46 motors, S40.2
duct fitting database, F34.12 Dusts, S24.1 pumps, centrifugal, S39.6
tables, F34.29-68 indoor environmental health, F9.4 Eggs
friction losses, F34.7 synthetic, S24.2 composition, R20.1
head, F34.2 Dynamic test chambers, environmental, processing plant sanitation, R20.12
industrial exhaust systems, F34.20; S25.29 R37.1 products, R20.9
insulation, F34.14 Dynamometers, A15.1 quality criteria, R20.12
leakage, F34.15 Earth stabilization, R35.3, 4 shell eggs
methods, F34.18 Earthquakes, seismic restraint design, A54.1 packaging, R20.9
noise, F34.17 Economic analysis, A36 processing, R20.5
pressure, F34.2 cash flow, A36.12 refrigeration, R20.7
residential, S9.5 computer analysis, A36.12 spoilage prevention, R20.4
smoke management, F34.14 life-cycle cost analyses, A36.8 storage, R20.8
stack effect, F34.2 present value (worth), A36.8 structure, R20.1
testing, adjusting, balancing, F34.18 simple payback, A36.8 transportation, R20.9
Ducts uniform annualized costs, A36.10 storage, R20.1
acoustical lining, A47.14; S16.4 Economic coefficient of performance (ECOP), thermal properties, R8.1
fiberglass, A47.20 S7.33 EIFS, A43.4
health effects, A47.20 Economics. (See also Costs) Electricity
in hospitals, A7.12 chillers, engine-driven, S47.7 billing rates, A55.8
airflow measurement in, A37.2 cogeneration, S7.43 codes, A55.10
classification, S16.1 district heating and cooling, S11.2 costs, A36.4, 7
cleaning, S16.2 energy management planning, A35.2 generation, on-site, A36.7
construction energy recovery equipment, S44.1 imbalance, S40.1
codes, S16.1 evaporative cooling, A51.10, 11 measurement, F14.24
commercial, S16.2 indoor gaseous contaminant control, A45.10 motor starting, A55.8; S40.7
acoustical treatment, S16.4 insulation thickness, pipe, S11.16 performance, A55.1
hangers, S16.4 laboratory systems, A14.19 power quality variations, A55.3
materials, S16.2 owning and operating costs, A36.1 principles, A55.1
plenums/apparatus casings, S16.4 steam turbines, S7.18 safety, A55.1
industrial, S16.4 thermal storage, A34.2 voltage, A55.1
hangers, S16.5 Economizers, A6.1 Electric thermal storage (ETS), A34.8
materials, S16.4 air-side, S5.2 Electrostatic precipitators, S24.7; S25.8
Elevators, smoke control, A52.11 slab foundations, F31.7 Energy savings performance contracting
Enclosed vehicular facilities, A13.1 space sensible loads, F31.4 (ESPC), A36.7
Energy classical approach, F31.1 Engines, S7
audit, A35.4 data-driven approach, F31.1 air-cooled engines, S7.38
costs, A36.3 forward models, F31.2 air systems
emergency use reduction, A35.18 general considerations, F31.1 combustion, S7.6, 37
field survey audit, A37.17 inverse models, F31.2, 24 compressed, S7.6
forecasting building needs, A41.31 system controls, F31.22 applications
savings verification, A40.2 Energy monitoring, A40 centrifugal compressors, S7.41
wheels, S44.13 applications chillers, S47.1
Energy balance building diagnostics, A40.2 heat pumps, S7.41; S47.7
comfort, F8.2, 16 energy end use, A40.1 reciprocating compressors, S7.40
refrigeration systems, R44.3 performance monitoring, A40.3, 4 refrigeration, S47.10
Energy conservation savings measurement and verification screw compressors, S7.42
air conditioners, room, S46.3 (M&V), A40.2 sizing, S7.40
building envelopes, A43.1 specific technology assessment, A40.1 codes, S7.47
building supervisory control, A41.1 data continuous-duty standby, S7.35
clean spaces, A16.14 acquisition, A40.10 controls and instruments, S7.6
data processing areas, A17.6 analysis, A40.6, 8 design and installation, S7.36
educational facilities, A6.1 measurement uncertainty, A40.11 ebullient cooling, S7.21, 36
farm crop drying, A23.3 reporting, A40.6, 14 emissions, S47.5
greenhouses, A22.16 requirements, A40.7 exhaust systems, S7.36
hospitals, A7.12 verification, A40.5, 13 gas, S7.6
industrial environments, A29.5 design/implementation methodology, A40.6 expansion engines, S7.35
infrared heaters, S15.1 documentation, A40.7, 14 fuels
kitchen ventilation, A31.14 planning, A40.5, 14 cetane number, F18.6
pumps, centrifugal, S39.13 quality assurance, A40.5, 13 heating value, S7.4
temperature/ventilation control, A46.18 Energy production, world, F17.7 selection, S7.4
textile processing, A19.6 Energy recovery. (See also Heat recovery) heat recovery, S47.3, 9
Energy conservation opportunity (ECO), air-to-air exhaust gas, S7.22
A35.15 airflow arrangements, S44.6 jacket water, S7.20
Energy consumption applications, S44.1 lubricant, S7.22
benchmarking, A35.3 calculations, S44.7 reciprocating, S7.20
building HVAC, control effect on, A41.7 in chemical industry, R36.4 turbocharger, S7.22
emergency reduction, A35.18 design heat removal, S7.38
gaseous contaminant control, A45.10 condensation, S44.5, 13 heat release, A15.1
humidifiers, S20.3 controls, S44.6, 14, 17 jacket water system, S7.5, 35
United States corrosion, S44.5 lubrication, S7.5
per capita end-use, F17.9 cross-contamination, S44.5, 12, 14, 16 maintenance, S7.7; S47.3
projections, F17.10 filters, air, S44.6 motor starting and voltage sags, A55.8
world, F17.8 fouling, S44.5 noise control, S7.7
Energy efficiency ratio (EER), S46.2 freeze prevention, S44.5, 15 performance, S7.3
Energy estimating, F31 maintenance, S44.6, 14, 16 reciprocating, S7.2
analysis, F31.3 performance, S44.4, 12, 15, 16 sizing, S7.40
application to cooling/dehumidifying pressure drop, S44.5 standards, S7.47
coils, F31.12 economic considerations, S44.1 superchargers, turbochargers, S7.6
degree-day and bin methods, F31.17 effectiveness, S44.4 thermal output, S7.19
annual degree-day, F31.17 energy transfer, S44.2 vibration control, S7.7
variable base, F31.19 equipment water-cooled, S7.36
balance point temperature, F31.17 coil energy recovery loops, S44.15 Engine test facilities, A15
correlations, F31.22 devices, S44.11 air conditioning, A15.1
degree-day, F31.20 fixed-plate exchangers, S44.11 dynamometers, A15.1
forecasting, A41.31 heat pipe heat exchangers, S44.16 exhaust, A15.2
general considerations, F31.1 rating, S44.4 noise levels, A15.4
integration of systems, F31.22 rotary energy exchangers, S44.13 ventilation, A15.1, 4
models, F31.1 runaround loops, S44.15 Enthalpy
monthly degree-day, F31.19 thermosiphon (two-phase) heat calculation, F1.4
seasonal efficiency of furnaces, F31.19 exchangers, S44.18 definition, F1.2
simulating, F31.22 twin-tower enthalpy recovery loops, foods, R8.8
Energy management, A35 S44.17 recovery loop, twin-tower, S44.17
cost control, A35.4 evaporative cooling, indirect, S19.3; S44.7 water vapor, F5.9
emergency energy use reduction, A35.18 precooling air reheater, S44.7 wheels, S44.13
energy audits, A35.4, 14 industrial environments, A29.5 Entropy, F1.1
energy conservation opportunity (ECO), Energy resources, F17 calculation, F1.4
comparing, A35.17 United States, F17.11 Environmental control
implementation, A35.4, 18 overall consumption projections, F17.10 animals. See Animal environments
resource evaluation, A35.2 per capita consumption projections, F17.9 humans. See Comfort
Energy modeling, F31 world plants. See Plant environments
calculating consumption, F17.8 retail food stores
basements, F31.7 production, F17.6 equipment and control, R47.18
effectiveness-NTU, F31.11 reserves, F17.7 store ambient effect, R47.3
Environmental health, F9 precooling, S19.5 joints
biostatistics, F9.2 mixed air systems, A51.3 district heating and cooling, S11.17
cellular biology, F9.2 outdoor air systems, A51.3 packed, S41.13
dusts, F9.4 produce storage, A51.9 packless, S41.14
epidemiology, F9.2 residential, A51.4 loops, S41.12
exposure, F9.5 wood/paper products facilities, Expansion tanks, S11.17
genetics, F9.2 A51.8 hydronic systems, S14.4
indoor, F9 cooling towers, S36.1 closed, S12.3
industrial hygiene, F9.2 direct, A51.1, 2; S19.1 diaphragm, S12.3
molecular biology, F9.2 economics, A51.10 expansion chamber, S12.3
physical hazards entering air condition, A51.11 functions of, S12.3, 7
electrical hazards, F9.13 equipment open, S12.3
electromagnetic radiation, F9.16 direct, S19.1 sizing equations, S12.4
noise, F9.15 indirect, S19.3 secondary coolant systems, R4.3
thermal comfort, F9.11 maintenance, S19.7 solar energy systems, A33.12
diseases affected by, F9.12 two-stage, S19.4 Exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS),
vibrations, F9.13 exhaust requirements, A51.5 A43.4
standards, F9.9 heat recovery and, A51.3; S19.3; S44.7 Fairs, A4.8
terminology, F9.1 indirect, A51.1, 3; S19.3; S44.7 Family courts. See Juvenile facilities
toxicology, F9.2 psychrometrics, A51.1, 5, 10, 11 Fan-coil units, S3.2
Environmental test facilities, R37 staged capacity control, S3.4
accessories, R37.7 booster refrigeration, A51.3, 11 performance under varying load, S3.6
altitude chambers, R37.6 two-stage (indirect/direct), A51.4, 5, 10; two-pipe systems, S3.4
chamber construction, R37.6 S19.4 types, S3.3
control, R37.4 water treatment, A48.9; S19.8 water distribution, S3.4
cooling systems, R37.1 Legionella pneumophila, S19.8 wiring, S3.4
design calculations, R37.5 Evaporators. (See also Coolers, liquid) Fans
doors, R37.6 air conditioners, room, S46.2 air conditioners, room, S46.2
heating systems, R37.2 ammonia refrigeration systems all-air systems, S2.4, 6, 8
humidity, R37.3 equipment, R3.2 animal environments, A22.6
refrigerants, R37.1 piping, R3.18 condensers, air-cooled, S35.9
relative humidity, R37.6 automobile air conditioning, A9.4, 8 control, A46.1; S18.8
windows, R37.7 chemical industry refrigeration, R36.7 cooling tower capacity control, A41.12; S36.8
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) flooded, F4.4 draft, S30.24
contaminants, A45.1 halocarbon refrigeration systems, piping, duct system interface, F34.12
secondhand, F12.15 R2.29 fixed- vs. variable-speed, A41.8
sidestream, F9.6 liquid overfeed systems, R1.6 flow control, S18.9; S40.7
superheated vapors, F12.2 Exfiltration, F26.1 furnaces, S28.2
Equipment vibration, A47.39 Exhaust industrial exhaust systems, A30.7
ERF, A53.2 animal buildings, A21.6 isolation, S18.8
ESPC. See Energy savings performance clean spaces, A16.13, 15 kitchen exhaust, A31.7
contracting (ESPC) engines laws, S18.4
Ethylene glycol gas systems, S7.6 operating principles, S18.1
coolants, secondary, F21.4 heat recovery, S7.22 parallel operation, S18.7
hydronic systems, S12.16 installation recommendations, S7.36 plenum, S18.1
ETS. See Environmental tobacco smoke engine test facilities, A15.2 plug, S18.1
(ETS) industrial environments, A12.8; A30.1 pressure relationships, S18.5
ETS. See Electric thermal storage (ETS) kitchens, A31.6, 20 effect of duct system on, S18.6
Evaporation laboratories, A14.3, 9 rating, S18.4
in tubes stack height, A14.13 selection, A47.5; S18.7
forced convection, F4.5 photographic processing areas, A20.2 sequencing, A46.3
natural convection, F4.1 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.29 ships, naval surface, A11.4
Evaporative cooling, A51 stacks sound level, A47.4; S18.8
applications buildings, A44.1 system effects, S18.7
air cleaning, A51.2; S19.7 design strategies, A44.1 testing, S18.4
animal environments, A22.4, 13; A51.8 exhaust dilution types, S18.1
combustion turbines, S7.10 prediction equations, A44.10 unstable operation, A46.3
commercial, A51.4 exhaust velocity, A44.1 variable- vs. fixed-speed, A41.8
dehumidification, A51.2; S19.7 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 vehicular facilities, enclosed, A13.24
gas turbines, A51.7 location relative to air intake, Farm crops
greenhouses, A22.13; A51.9 A44.2 aeration, A23.4, 10; F11.11
humidification, A51.2; S19.6 wake downwash, A44.1 deep bed drying, A23.5; F11.10
industrial Exhibit buildings, temporary dryeration, A23.3
area cooling, A51.6 air cleanliness, A4.8 drying, F11.8
process cooling, A51.8 HVAC equipment, A4.8 airflow resistance, F11.9
spot cooling, A51.6 occupancy, A4.8 barley, F11.13
industrial air conditioning, A12.7 Exhibit cases, A21.4, 10 combination, A23.4
laundries, A51.8 Exhibition centers, A4.5 corn, A23.1; F11.12
makeup air pretreatment, S19.5 smoke management, A52.13 cotton, A23.9; F11.12
motors, A51.7 Expansion joints and devices, S41.11 deep-bed, A23.5; F11.10
power generation facilities, A51.8 bends, S41.11 energy conservation, A23.3
equipment, A23.2 industrial exhaust gas Flowers, cut
full-bin, A23.4 fabric, S25.10 air transport, R31.1, 3
grain, F11.12 granular bed, S25.15 cooling, R14.9
hay, A23.8; F11.11 installation, S24.11 storage temperatures, R10.12
layer, A23.5 kitchens, A31.3, 6 Flowmeters, A37.12; F14.18
peanuts, A23.9; F11.13 laboratories, A14.9 bypass spring impact meters, A37.13
physiological factors, F11.1 maintenance, S24.9 district heating and cooling systems,
rice, A23.9; F11.13 nuclear facilities, A26.3, 6 S11.32
seeds, F11.13 panel, S24.6 flow nozzles, F14.18
shallow-layer, A23.3; F11.9 places of assembly, A4.1 hoods, F14.21
soybeans, A23.7; F11.13 printing plants, A18.4 orifice plates, A37.13; F14.18
specific, A23.7 renewable media, moving-curtain, positive-displacement meters, F14.20
tobacco, F11.14 S24.7 rotameters, F14.20
wheat, F11.13 residential, A1.5 turbine meters, A37.13; F14.20
microbial growth, A23.1 safety requirements, S24.12 velocity impact meters, A37.13
physiological factors, F11 selection, S24.9 venturi meters, A37.12; F14.18
recirculation, A23.3 ships, A11.4 Fluid dynamics computations, F33.1
storing, A23 standards, S24.3, 5 Fluid flow, F2.3
carbon dioxide, F11.3 test methods, S24.2 analysis, F2.8
fungi, F11.2 types, S24.6 Bernoulli equation, F2.8
growth, F11.6 ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, kinetic energy factor, F2.2
grain aeration, A23.10; F11.11 S24.5, 7; S25.2 pressure variation, F2.2
insects, F11.3, 8 viscous impingement, S24.6, 7 boundary layer, F2.4
moisture content, F11.1, 5 Filters, water, A48.7 cavitation, F2.6
moisture migration, A23.10; F11.2 Finned-tube heat-distributing units, S32.1, 5 choking, F2.7
oxygen, F11.3 design, S32.4 compressible, F2.11
rodents, F11.8 nonstandard condition corrections, S32.3 expansion factor, F2.7
temperature, F11.3 rating, S32.3 pressure, F2.7
f-Chart method, sizing heating/cooling systems, Finned-tube heat transfer coils, F3.23 continuity, F2.2
A33.20 energy recovery loops, S44.15 Darcy-Weisbach equation, F2.8
Fenestration Fins, F3.20 devices, F2.5
air leakage, F30.55 Fireplaces, S29.4 drag, F2.5
attachments, F30.42 chimney design, S30.19 fitting, F2.10
building envelopes, A43.6; F30.1 Fire safety incompressible, F2.11
codes, F30.64 clean space exhaust systems, A16.13 laminar, F2.3
components, F30.1 data processing areas, A17.6 measurement, A37.11; F2.12; F14.17
condensation resistance, F30.60 duct design, F34.14 noise, F2.14
cooling load, F29.13 fire/smoke dampers, A52.8 nonisothermal effects, F2.6
draperies, F30.49 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25.30 patterns, F2.4
durability, F30.64 kitchens, A31.15 pipe friction, F2.8, 10
energy flow, F30.3 laboratories, A14.11 pressure variation, F2.2
energy performance, annual, nuclear facilities, A26.2 properties, F2.1
F30.59 penetration fire stopping, A52.1 Reynolds number, Re, F2.3
exterior shading, F30.44 smoke management, A52.1 section change losses, F2.10
glazing (glass), F30.1 Fish, R18 sensors for, F15.9
infiltration, A43.6 fresh, R18.1 turbulent flow, F2.3
interior shading, F30.47 frozen, R18.4 two-phase
occupant comfort, F30.62 thermal properties, R8.1 boiling, F4.1
opaque elements, F30.41 Fittings condensation, F4.7
shading devices, F30.42 duct fitting database, F34.12 evaporation, F4.2, 5
solar angle, F30.15 effective length, F2.10 unsteady flow, F2.13
solar heat gain, A43.6; F30.13, 36 halocarbon refrigeration systems, R2.16 valve losses, F2.10, 11
standards, F30.64 loss coefficients, F2.10 velocity profile, Poiseuille-flow parabolic,
thermal radiation, F30.34 local, F34.8 F2.3
U-factors, F30.4, 7 pipe wall friction, F2.3
Fick’s law, F5.1 sizing, F35.1, 5 Food. (See also specific foods)
Filters, air, S24. (See also Air cleaners) standards, S41.2 codes, R47.2
air conditioners, room, S46.3 tees, F35.5 cooling and freezing times, R9.1
aircraft, A10.4, 9 Fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.13. geometric considerations
clean spaces, A16.3, 7, 10 (See also Mass-transit systems) equivalent heat transfer dimensionality,
demisters, A26.6 Fixture units, pipe sizing, F35.8 R9.4
desiccant dehumidifiers, S22.7 Flammability limits, gaseous fuels, equivalent sphere diameter, R9.13
dry, extended surface, S24.6 F18.1 mean conducting path, R9.11
electronic, S24.6, 7, 8 Flash tank, steam systems, S10.14 heat transfer, R9.4
furnaces, S28.2 Floors industrial freezing methods, R15.1
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) coverings long-term storage, R26.6
filters, A26.6; S24.7; S25.2 panel systems, S6.6 microbial growth, R4
tests, S24.3, 5 temperature comfort, F8.14 control, R11.3
hospitals, A7.2 insulation, F24.3 generalized, R11.1
industrial air-conditioning, moisture control, F24.10 requirements, R11.2
A12.7 slabs, heat loss, F28.12 plants, R26.3
poultry products Four-pipe systems, S3.10 figs, R21.14
freezing, R17.6 load, S12.13 frozen, R26.5
refrigeration, R17.1 room control, S3.11 grapes, R21.8
processing facilities zoning, S3.10 mangoes, R22.8
contamination prevention, R11.3 Framing nectarines, R21.12
dairy, R19.1 materials, F30.3 peaches, R21.12
fruits, R26.5 solar gain, F30.37 pears, R21.6
main dishes, R26.1 Freeze drying, A28.6 pineapples, R22.8
meat, R16.1 biological materials, R40.4 plums, R21.11
organism destruction, R11.4 Freeze prevention. (See also Freeze protection storage diseases, R21.1
potato products, R26.5 systems) strawberries, R21.13
poultry, R17.1 condensers, evaporative, S35.16 thermal properties, R8.1
precooked foods, R26.1 coolers, liquid, S37.5 vine fruits, R21
refrigeration systems, R26.3, 4, 6 cooling tower Fuels
regulations and standards, R11.5 piping, S13.3 cells, cogeneration, S7.35
sanitation, R11.4 sump water, S36.10 engines, S7.4
vegetables, R26.3 energy recovery equipment, S44.5, 15 gaseous, F18.4
refrigeration hydronic systems, S12.16 heating value, S7.4
dairy products, R19 pipes, F24.14 liquid, F18.4
eggs and egg products, R20 solar energy systems, A33.24; S33.2, 19 oil. See Oil, fuel
fishery products, R18 Freeze protection systems, A50.17, 19 systems, S7.4
fruits, fresh, R21; R22 Freezers solid, F18.6
meat products, R16 blast, R13.11; R15.1; R16.15 turbines, S7.9
vegetables, R23 household, R49.1 Fume hoods, laboratory exhaust, A14.3
refrigerators cabinet construction, R49.2 Fungi, and farm crop storage, F11.6
commercial, R48.1 defrosting, R49.6 Furnaces, S28
retail food store, R47.1 efficiency, R49.2 air cleaners/filters, S28.2
walk-in, R47.11 refrigeration systems, R49.5 airflow configurations, S28.2
storage requirements testing, R49.9 air supply, S30.20
canned foods, R10.11 industrial, R15.1 burners, S26.1; S28.1
citrus fruit, R22.3 walk-in, R48.4 casings, S28.1
commodities, R10.1 Freezing codes, S28.10
dried foods, R10.11 beverages, R9.7 commercial, S28.8
fruit, R21 biomedical applications, R40.1 control, S28.1, 7
thermal properties, R8 foods derating, S26.3
enthalpy, R8.8 bakery products, R27.5 duct furnaces, S26.2; S28.9
heat of respiration, R8.17, 19, 20 egg products, R20.12 efficiency, S28.5
ice fraction, R8.1 fish, R18.5 electric, S28.4, 6, 8
surface heat transfer coefficients, freezing time calculations, Plank’s fans/motors, S28.2
R8.24, 25 equation, R9.7 floor furnaces, S28.9; S29.2
thermal conductivity, R8.9, 12, 15 ice cream, R19.15 gas-fired, S26.1; S28.5, 7
thermal diffusivity, R8.17 meat products, R16.15, 16 codes, S28.10
time calculations poultry products, R17.6 commercial, S28.8
cooling, R9.1 processed and prepared food, R26.1 installation, S28.10
estimating algorithms, R9.5 industrial, R15.1 residential, S28.1
irregular shapes, R9.3 soil, R35.3, 4 standards, S28.11
slabs, cylinders, and spheres, R9.2 Friction factor, F2.8 humidifiers, S28.2
freezing Friction losses, F2.8, F34.8 installation practices, S28.10
estimating algorithms, R9.7, 9, 13 duct design, F34.7 natural gas, S26.1; S28.5, 7
phase change, R9.8 fittings, F35.1, 5 draft hoods, S28.2
precooling, R9.8 roughness factors, F34.7 residential, S28.1, 7
subcooling, R9.8 valves, F35.1, 5 capacity ratings, S28.7
and water content, R8.1 Fruit juice, R24 combustion system, S28.3
transpiration coefficient, R8.19, 24 Fruits efficiency, S28.5, 7
water content, initial freezing point, dried heat exchangers, S28.1
R8.1 storage, R28.8 vent dampers, S28.2, 7
Food Code, R47.2 thermal properties, R8.1 venting, S28.2; S30.16
Food service, service water heating, fresh oil, S28.4, 8
A49.11, 15 air transport, R31.1 venting, S30.17
Forced-air systems, residential, A1.1 apples, storage, A51.9; R21.1 propane, S28.4, 8
multifamily, A1.5 apricots, R21.13 rating, S28.7
Fouling factor avocados, R22.8 regulating agencies, S28.10
condensers, water-cooled, S35.3 bananas, R22.5 residential, A1.3; S28.1
coolers, liquid, S37.4 berries, R21.13 annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE),
Foundations cherries, sweet, R21.12 S28.6
insulation, A43.2; F24.3 citrus, A51.9; R22.1 efficiency, S9.13
moisture control, A43.2 cooling, R14.1 floor furnaces, S29.2
radon control, A43.3 deciduous tree, R21 indoor or outdoor, S28.4
Fountains, Legionella pneumophila control, desiccation, R10.1 selection, S28.5
A48.7 deterioration rate, R10.1 selection, S28.5, 9
Fourier number, F3.2 display refrigerators, R47.7 standards, S28.11
stokers, S26.9 Grain. (See also Farm crops) infrared, S15.1
thermal storage, A34.16 drying, F11.12 indirect, S26.2
venting, S30.16, 17 insects, F11.3 room, S29.1
wall furnaces, S29.1 storage moisture, F11.2 thermostats, S29.2
Garages, bus, ventilation, A13.12, 24 Grashof number, F3.2 wall furnaces, S29.1
Garages, parking, A13.9 Greenhouses. (See also Plant environments) hot water, S31.4
contaminant criteria, A13.10 evaporative cooling, A51.9 hydronic snow melting, A50.12
enclosed, A3.10 heating, F10.15 infrared, S15.1; S26.2; S28.9
ventilation plant environments, A22.10 oil-fired, S15.3
airflow rate, A13.9 supplemental irradiance, F10.19 radiant, A53.1, 4, 8
control, A13.11 Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHP) in-space, S29.1
equipment, A13.24 closed-loop ground-source, A32.12 kerosene, S29.3
system configuration, A13.11 heat exchanger, S45.11 oil, S15.3; S29.3
Gases Ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), A32.1, 11 radiant, S26; S29
compressed, storage, A14.8 GSHP. See Ground-source heat pumps electric, S15.2
drying, S22.10 (GSHP) gas-fired, S15.1; S26.2; S29.1
liquefaction, R38.3 Groundwater heat pumps (GWHP), A32.21 infrared, S26.2; S28.9
purification, R38.12, 15 GWHP. See Groundwater heat pumps oi-fired infrared, S15.3; S26.2; S28.9
separation (GWHP) panels, S29.4
gaseous oxygen, R38.14 Gymnasiums, A4.5 quartz, S29.4
Gibbs phase rule, R38.12 HACCP. See Hazard analysis and critical residential, S29.1
Gas-fired equipment, S30. (See also Natural control point room, S29.1
gas) Halocarbon solid fuel, S29.4
venting, S30.16 coolants, secondary, F21.13 standards, S29.6, 7
Gas vents, S30.1 refrigerant systems, R21 steam, S31.4
GCHP. See Ground-coupled heat pumps Hartford loop, S10.3 stoves, S29.5
(GCHP) Hay, drying, A23.8; F11.11 testing, S29.7
Generators Hazard analysis and critical control point unit, S26.2; S28.9; S31.4
absorption units, R41.1, 10 (HACCP), R11.4 control, S31.7
cogeneration, S7.27 Hazen-Williams equation, F35.1 location, S31.6
electrical, A25.1 HB. See Heat balance (HB) maintenance, S31.7
Geothermal energy, A32 Health piping, S31.7
corrosion control, A32.7 asbestosis, F9.4 ratings, S31.6
direct-use systems, A32.3 coalworker’s pneumoconiosis, F9.4 selection, S31.4
cooling, A32.11 silicosis, F9.4 sound level, S31.6
equipment, A32.6 synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F9.5 types, S31.6
heating, A32.9 Health care facilities, A7. (See also specific ventilators, S31.1
service water heating, A32.11 types) water, A49
district heating, A32.9 Heat Heat exchangers, S43.4
geothermal fluids, A32.1 animal production, F10.2, 7 air-to-air energy recovery, S44.1
disposal, A32.4 flow rates, F29.2 fixed-plate, S44.11
temperature, A32.1, 3 latent heat pipes, S44.16
ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems, respiratory loss, F8.4 rotary enthalpy wheels, S44.13
A32.12, 25; S8.4 skin loss, F8.3, 10 thermosiphon, S44.18
heat exchangers, A32.8, 24 measuring, S11.32 animal environments, A22.4
materials performance, A32.6 sensible antifreeze effect on, S12.16
resources, A32.1 respiratory, F8.4 chimneys, S30.24
valves, A32.9 skin, F8.3 counterflow, F3.4; S43.1
water wells space extraction rate, F29.2 district heating and cooling, S11.27
flow rate, A32.3 timers, S10.13 double-wall construction, S43.3
pumps, A32.7, 23 Heat balance (HB), S8.20 effectiveness, capacity rate ratio, F3.4
terminology, A32.4 air, F29.23 enhanced surfaces, F4.13
water quality testing, A32.5 conduction transfer function, F29.23 external, S33.17
Geothermal heat pumps (GHP), A32.12 equations, F29.24 fouling, S43.5
Glass load factors (GLFs), cooling load, F28.2 input procedure, F29.25 freeze protection, S33.19
Glazing load calculations furnaces, S28.1
angular averaging, F30.25 cooling, F29.20 geothermal energy systems, A32.8, 24
coated, F30.22 nonresidential, F29.1 halocarbon refrigeration systems,
glass, F30.1 model, F29.20 R2.29
low-emissivity, F30.2 studies, S8.20 heat transfer, S43.1
planar, F30.49 surface, F29.20 installation, S43.5
plastic, F30.41 Heaters, S29 parallel flow, F3.4
solar-optical properties, F30.18 automobiles, A9.4 performance, S33.17
spectral averaging, F30.24 catalytic, S29.1 plate, S37.1
spectral range, F30.34 control, S29.2, 4 brazed, S11.28; S43.3
systems, F30.41 direct-contact, S14.6 components, S43.4
GLFs. See Glass load factors electric, S15.2; S29.4 gasketed, S11.28; S43.3
Glycols fireplaces, S29.4 plate-and-frame, S11.27; S33.17
coolants, secondary, F21.4 gas, S15.1; S26.2; S29.1; S31.4 welded, S11.28; S43.3
desiccant solution, S22.2 control valves, S29.2 selection, S43.5
Graetz number, F3.2 efficiency requirements, S29.2 shell-and-coil, S11.28
shell-and-tube, S11.28; S37.1, 2 small forced-air, S9.1 vertical systems, A32.12, 14
components, S43.4 dynamic simulation model (HOUSE), water loop, S8.16
converters, S43.2 S9.13 groundwater, A32.13, 21; S45.10
shell-and-coil, S37.2; S43.2 solar energy, A33.16, 26; S33.1 surface water, A32.14, 25; S45.11
straight-tube, S43.2 space requirements, S1.4 terminology, A32.12
tube-in-tube, S33.17; S37.1 steam, S10.1 heat recovery heat pumps, S8.9
U-tube, S43.2 thermal storage, A34.8 design principles, S8.13
solar energy systems, A33.12; S33.16 Heating load waste heat recovery, S8.15
systems central plant, S4.4 heat sources and sinks, S8.2, 4
solar energy, A33.12; S33.16 principles, F29.38 ice-source, R33.7
steam, S10.3 residential calculations industrial process, S8.8
water, medium/high temperature, S14.8 attic temperature, F28.9 closed-cycle systems, S8.9
Heat flow crawl space heat loss, F28.9 design, S8.13
apparent conductivity, F23.3 design conditions, F28.8 heat recovery, S8.8, 9
insulation infiltration heat loss, F28.13 open-cycle systems, S8.12
calculations, F23.8 pickup load, F28.14 semi-open-cycle systems, S8.12
performance, F23.4 procedure, F28.7 packaged terminal heat pump (PTHP), S46.5
terminology, F23.1 transmission heat loss, F28.10 residential, A1.1
thermal, F23.4 unheated space temperature, F28.8 room, S46.1
moisture affecting, F23.12 Heating values of fuels, F18.3, 6, 8 split system, S45.1
series/parallel flow, F23.8 Heat loss supplemental heating, S8.8
surface conductance, F23.6 air change method, F28.14 testing PTHP, S46.7
surface temperature, F23.8 basement, F28.11, 12 through-the-wall, S5.2
thermal resistance, F23.8 ceiling, F28.10 types, S8.4
thermal transmittance, F23.6 crack length method, F28.13 unitary, S45.1
Heat gain. (See also Load calculations) crawlspaces, F28.9 certification, S45.5
appliances, F29.8 exposure factors, F28.14 codes, S45.5
calculation, F29.3 flat surfaces, F25.18 desuperheaters, S45.4
solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), floor slabs, F28.12 installation, S45.1
F29.21 infiltration, F28.13 space conditioning/water heating, S45.4
standard air values, F29.18 latent heat loss, F28.14 standards, S45.5
electric motors, F29.7 pipes, F25.15 types, S45.3
engine test facilities, dynamometers, A15.1 radiant panels, S6.7 water heaters, A49.2, 21
exterior surfaces, F29.15 roof, F28.10 water-source
fenestration, F29.13 sensible heat loss, F28.13 certification, S45.11
floors, F29.18 transmission, F28.10 design, S45.11
hospital/laboratory equipment, F29.9 Heat pipes, air-to-air energy recovery, entering water temperature, S45.11
humans, F29.3 S44.16 groundwater, A32.13, 21; S45.10
infiltration, F29.18 Heat pumps indirect systems, A32.24
laboratories, A14.2 absorption, R41.3 surface water, A32.13, 25
latent, permeable building materials, air-source, S45.1, 8 antifreeze requirements, A32.26
F29.19 add-on, S45.8 closed-loop heat pumps, A32.26;
lighting, F29.3 air-to-air, S8.4, 9 S45.11
miscellaneous sources, F29.19 air-to-water, S8.6, 9 lake heat transfer, A32.25
office equipment, F29.9 balance point, S45.8 open-loop heat pumps, A32.25
radiant panels, S6.7 compressor selection, S45.10 testing, S45.11
space, F29.2 control, S45.10 water loop, S8.16; S45.10
ventilation, F29.18 defrost cycle, S45.9 water-to-air, S8.4
Heating installation, S45.10 water-to-water, S8.6
absorption equipment, R41.1 refrigerant circuits, S45.9 window-mounted, S5.2
animal environments, A22.4 selection, S45.8 Heat recovery. (See also Energy recovery)
equipment, S4.2; S29.1 boosters, A34.16 balanced heat recovery, S8.20
baseboard units, S32.1 cascade systems, S8.6 cascade systems, S8.15
boilers, S27.1 components, S8.6 chillers, engine-driven, S47.3
convectors, S32.1 compression cycles, S8.1 cogeneration, S7.19
finned-tube units, S32.1 control, A46.6 coils, S23.3
furnaces, S28.1 defrost, S8.7, 8 combustion turbines, S7.24
radiators, S32.1 efficiency, S45.5 data processing areas, A17.6
greenhouses, A22.11; F10.15 engine-driven, S7.41, S47.7 evaporative cooling, A51.3; S19.3; S44.7
industrial environments, A12.6 controls, S47.9, 10 heat-activated chillers, S7.26
infrared, S15.1 defrosting, S47.9, 10 heat balance, S8.20
radiant, A53.1, 8 four-pipe, S47.7 heat pumps, S8.9
nonresidential, S12.10 heat rejection/recovery, S47.9 engine-driven, S47.9
places of assembly, A4.1 maintenance, S47.9 industrial exhaust systems, A30.7
plant growth chambers, A22.17 performance, S47.8 kitchen ventilation, A31.15
power plants, A25.10 testing, S47.8 laboratories, A14.19
residential, A1 two-pipe, S47.7 liquid chillers, R43.3, 11; S38.3, 11
systems ground-source multiple buildings, S8.22
all-air, S2.2, 5 ground-coupled, A32.12, 14; S8.6; S45.11 reciprocating engines, S7.20
geothermal, A32.9 heat transfer analysis, A32.15 retail food store refrigeration, R47.14, 18
selection, S1.1 horizontal systems, A32.12, 18 service water heating, A49.3
steam in gases, F3.11 residential, A31.20
systems, S10.3, 14 gray surface, F3.8 type I, A31.3
turbines, S7.24 hemispherical emittance, F3.8 type II, A31.3, 5
supermarkets, A2.4 Kirchoff’s law, F3.9 laboratory fume, A14.3
terminology, S8.1 Lambert’s law, F3.9 sound control, A47.33
water loop heat pump systems, S8.16 monochromatic emissive power, F3.8 unidirectional, A16.7
waste heat, S8.15 net, F3.7 Hospitals, A7.2
Heat storage. See Thermal storage Stefan-Boltzmann law, F3.7 air conditioning, A7.2
Heat stress thermal, F3.1 air movement, A7.3
index (HSI), A29.4; F8.20 Wien’s displacement law, F3.8 air quality, A7.2
industrial environments, A29.4 resistance method analysis, F3.3 cooling, A7.11
thermal standards, A29.4 simultaneous, F5.9 design criteria
Heat transfer, F3 snow-melting systems, A50.1 administration, A7.10
air spaces, F23.7 fluids, A50.10 ancillary spaces, A7.8
animal environments, F10.3 solar energy fluids, A33.11 autopsy rooms, A7.9
antifreeze effect on water, S12.16 transient diagnostic and treatment, A7.10
chimneys/fireplaces/gas vents, S30.7 cooling time estimation, F3.5 infectious isolation, A7.8
coils cylinder, F3.5 intensive care units, A7.5
air-cooling/dehumidifying, S21.6 radiation, F3.4 laboratories, A7.9
air-heating, S23.4 slab, F3.5 nursery, A7.5
condensers, S35.2 sphere, F3.5 nursing, A7.8
air-cooled, S35.9 temperature distribution, F3.5 operating rooms, A7.5
evaporative, S35.14 water, S12.2 humidity, S20.2
water-cooled, S35.2 Heat transfer coefficients, F30.5 patient rooms, A7.8
conductance, F3.3 condensation, F4.8 protective isolation, A7.8
conduction, F3.1 convective, F8.8 recovery rooms, A7.5
convection evaporative, F8.8 service areas, A7.10
buffer layer, F3.1 foods, R8.24 sterilizing and supply, A7.10
coefficient, F3.3 Lewis relation, F8.4 surgery and critical care, A7.5
flow, fully developed laminar, F3.13 low-temperature, R39.9 energy conservation, A7.12
forced, boundary layer, F3.13 Heat transmission heating/hot water standby, A7.11
free, F3.1, 11 basements, F28.10 indoor air quality (IAQ), A7.2
laminar sublayer, F3.1 below-grade construction, F25.16 infection sources/control, A7.2
natural, F3.1, 11 ceilings, F28.10 insulation, A7.12
turbulent region, F3.1 doors, F25.14 Legionella pneumophila, A7.2
coolers, liquid, S37.2 floor slabs, F28.12 pressure relationships and ventilation,
diffuse radiation, F3.9 pipes A7.4
district heating and cooling pipes, S11.9 buried, F25.25 smoke control, A7.5
effectiveness, F3.4 heat loss, F25.15 zoning, A7.11
energy recovery, air-to-air, S44.3 properties, F25.1 Hotels and motels, A5.1
extended surfaces, F3.20 roofs, F28.10 accommodations, A5.3
factor, friction, F3.13 slab-on-grade construction, F25.16 back-of-the-house areas, A5.6
fins, F3.20, 23 soils, F25.16 central plant, A5.7
fluids windows, F25.14 design criteria, A5.1
snow-melting, A50.10 Heat traps, A49.7 guest rooms, A5.3
solar energy, A33.11 Heat wheels, S44.13 indoor air quality (IAQ), A5.6
forced convection Helium load, A5.1
air coolers, F3.13 liquid, R38.1 makeup air units, A5.7
solid-to-fluid, F3.1 recovery, R38.14 public areas, A5.6
ground, F31.7 HEPA. See High-efficiency particulate air service water heating, A49.11, 14
ground loops, A32.15 (HEPA) filters sound control, A5.8
heat exchangers, S43.1 High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, Hot-gas bypass, R2.35
insulation, F14.30 A26.2; S24.7; S25.2 HOUSE dynamic simulation model, S9.13
lakes, A32.25 High-temperature short-time pasteurization, Houses of worship, A4.3
mass transfer R19.3 HSI, A29.3; F8.20
convection, F5.5 High-temperature water (HTW) system, HTST. See High-temperature short-time
molecular diffusion, F5.2 S12.1 pasteurization
simultaneous with, F5.9 Hoods HTW system, S12.1
cooling coils, F5.13 draft, S28.2; S30.22 Humidification, A46.8; S20
modeling, F23.19 gaseous contaminant control, A45.4 air washers, S19.6
number of transfer units (NTU), F3.4 industrial exhaust systems, A30 all-air systems, S2.5, 8
radiant balance, F3.11 capture velocities, A30.2 control, A46.7; S20.1
radiant panels, S6.2 compound hoods, A30.5 data processing areas, A17.5
radiation design principles, A30.3 design, S20.3
actual, gray, F3.8 entry loss, A30.3 direct evaporative cooling, A51.2
angle factor, F3.9 overhead hoods, A30.5 environmental test facilities, R37.3
Beer’s law, F3.11 sidedraft hoods, A30.5 evaporative coolers, S19.6
blackbody, F3.7 volumetric flow rate, A30.2 load calculations, S20.4
coefficient, F3.3 kitchen exhaust, A31.20 Humidifiers, S20
energy transfer, F3.6 ductless, A31.6 all-air systems, S2.8
exchange between surfaces, F3.9 recirculating systems, A31.6, 9 bacterial growth, S20.1
central air systems heat loads, R34.2 duct design, F34.22
industrial/commercial, S20.5, 8 imitation skating surfaces, R34.11 energy recovery, A30.7
residential, S20.5 pebbling, R34.10 exhaust stacks, A30.7
commercial, S20.5 refrigeration, R34.5 fans, A30.7
controls, S20.8 surface building and maintenance, R34.10 hoods, A30.2
energy considerations, S20.3 water quality, R34.11 operation and maintenance, A30.8
equipment, S20.4 Ignition temperatures of fuels, F18.2 system testing, A30.7
evaporative cooling, S20.8 IGUs (insulating glazing units), F30.1 process and product requirements, A12.1
furnaces, S28.2 Indoor air quality (IAQ), F9.1; F14.22. spot cooling, A29.2, 5
industrial, S20.5 (See also Air quality) thermal control, A12.4
Legionella pneumophila control, A48.7 bioaerosols ventilation systems, A29.1
load calculations, S20.3 health effects, F9.7 Industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25. (See also
nonducted, S20.5 particles, F9.4 Air cleaners)
portable, S20.5 sampling, F9.7 auxiliary equipment, S25.29
residential, A1.5; S9.1; S20.5 sources, F9.6 equipment selection, S25.1
scaling, S20.4 carbon dioxide, measuring, F14.22 gaseous contaminant control, S25.18
supply water, S20.4 environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), F9.6 absorption, S25.18
terminal, S2.14 gaseous contaminant control, A45.1 adsorption, S25.24, 27
Humidity hospitals, A7.2 incineration, S25.27, 28
building envelope affected by, S20.2 hotels and motels, A5.6 spray dry scrubbing, S25.18
control, A46.7; F22.1; F24.5; S20.1; S22.1 infiltration, F26.9 wet-packed scrubbers, S25.19, 24
disease prevention/treatment, S20.1 inorganic gases, F9.11 gas stream, S25.2
human comfort conditions, S20.1 kitchens, A31.9 monitoring, S25.1
measurement, F14.9 particulate matter, F9.4 operation and maintenance, S25.30
odors affected by, F13.2 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), F9.5 particulate contaminant control, S25.2
plant environments, F10.19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), collector performance, S25.3
sound transmission affected by, S20.2 F9.5 electrostatic precipitators, S25.9
static electricity affected by, S20.2 radon action levels, F9.16 fabric filters, S25.10
HVAC computational fluid dynamics, F33 standards, F9.9 granular bed filters, S25.15
Hydrocooling fruits and vegetables, R14.3 synthetic vitreous fibers, F9.5 inertial collectors, S25.4
Hydrogen, liquid, R38.2 ventilation, F26.9 scrubbers (wet collectors), S25.16
Hydronic systems volatile organic compounds (VOC), F9.9 settling chambers, S25.3
capacity control, A46.1, 16 Indoor environmental health, F9 regulations, S25.1
central multifamily, A1.5 Induction, air-and-water systems, A37.5 safety, S25.30
cogeneration, S7.31 Induction units, S3 scrubbers (wet collectors), S25.15
heating and cooling design, S12.1 under varying load, S3.6 Industrial hygiene, F9.2
heat transfer vs. flow, A37.6, 7 Industrial applications Infiltration, F26. (See also Air leakage)
pipe sizing, F35.5 burners air exchange rate, F26.3, 10; R12.3
residential, A1.3 gas, S26.2 air leakage
snow-melting, A50.10 oil, S26.5 air-vapor retarder, F26.16
testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.6, 8 gas drying, S22.10 building data, F26.13
water treatment, A48.10 heat pumps, S8.8 controlling, F26.16
Hydronic units. (See also Water systems) humidifiers, S20.5 calculation, residential, F26.21
heaters, S31.4 process drying, S22.10 climatic zones, F26.17
makeup air, S31.9 process refrigeration, R36.1 commercial buildings, F26.24
radiant panels, S6.10 thermal storage, A34.7 direct flow through doorways, R12.5
ceiling, S6.12 service water heating, A49.19 driving mechanisms, F26.10
design, S6.10 steam generators, A25.4 examples, F26.21
floor, S6.15 Industrial environments, A12, A29, A30 fenestration, F30.55
wall, S6.15 air conditioning, A12 heat loss calculations, F28.13
ventilators, S31.1 cooling load, A12.5 indoor air quality, F26.9
Hygrometers, F14.9, 11; F15.9 design, A12.5 infiltration degree-days, F26.10
IAQ. See Indoor air quality (IAQ) evaporative systems, A12.7 leakage function, F26.12
Ice maintenance, A12.8 measurement, F14.21
commercial, R33.6 refrigerant systems, A12.7 refrigerated facilities, R12.3
delivery systems, R33.5 spot cooling, A29.2, 13; A51.7 residential buildings, F26.12
manufacture, R33.1 ventilation, A29.1 terminology, F26.1
storage, R33.4 air distribution, A29.2 thermal loads, F26.9
thermal storage, A34.11; R33.4 air filtration, A12.7; S24.2; S25.1 ventilation, R47.4
Ice makers contaminant control, A12.5, 8 Infrared applications
heat pumps, R33.7 energy conservation, A29.5 comfort, F8.22, 23
household refrigerator, R49.3 evaporative cooling, A51.6 drying, A28.3
large commercial, R33.1 heat control, A29.4 energy generators, S15.1
storage, R33.4 heat exposure control, A29.5 greenhouse heating, A22.13
thermal storage, R33.4 heating systems, A12.6 heaters, A53.1, 4, 8; S15.1
types, R33.1 heat stress, A29.4 electric, S15.2
water treatment, A48.7, 9 local exhaust systems, A29.5; A30 gas-fired, S15.1; S26.2
Ice rinks, A4.5; R34 air cleaners, A30.6 industrial environments, A12.7
conditions, R34.4 airflow near hood, A30.3 oil-fired, S15.3
energy conservation, R34.5 air-moving devices, A30.7 system efficiency, S15.3
floor design, R34.8 ducts, A30.5; S25.29 snow-melting systems, A50.16
In-room terminal systems steady-state, F31.25 residential, A31.20
changeover temperature, S3.7 multivariate, F31.27 operation, A31.18
description, S3.1 Jails, A8.1 residential, A31.19
fan-coil systems, S3.2 Joule-Thomson cycle, R38.4 service water heating, A49.5
induction systems, S3.2 Juice, R24.1 ventilation, A31.1
performance under varying load, S3.6 Justice facilities, A8 Krypton, recovery, R38.14
primary air, S3.5 energy considerations, A8.2 Laboratories, A14
refrigeration load, S3.7 fire/smoke management, A8.2 air distribution, A14.9
three-pipe systems, S3.10 health issues, A8.3 air filtration, A14.9
ventilation air, S3.5 heating and cooling plants, A8.2 air intakes, A14.13
Insects, farm crop storage, F11.8 indoor air quality, A8.2 animal labs, A14.14
Instruments, F14. (See also specific instruments jails, A8.1 cage environment, A22.9
or applications) juvenile, A8.1 heat and moisture production, F10.14
Insulating glazing units (IGUs), F30.1 police stations, A8.1 ventilation performance, A22.9
Insulation, electrical, R5.4 prisons, A8.1 biological safety cabinets, A14.6
Insulation, thermal, F23.2 system controls A8.2 biosafety levels, A14.17
airflow retarders, F23.15 system requirements, A8.1 clean benches, A14.8
heating climates, F24.5 terminology, A8.1 cleanrooms, A16
mixed climates, F24.7 types of, A8.1 clinical labs, A14.18
warm humid climates, F24.8 Juvenile facilities, A8.1 commissioning, A14.19
animal environments, A22.5 Kelvin-day method. See Degree-day method compressed gas storage, A14.8
below-ambient system, R32.2 Kirchoff’s law, F3.9 containment labs, A14.16
ceilings, A43.5 Kitchens, A31 controls, A14.12
clothing, F8.8 air balancing, A31.11 design parameters, A14.2
cryogenic, R38.19 multiple-hood systems, A31.13 duct leakage rates, A14.10
ducts, F24.16; F34.14; S16.6 air conditioning, A3.5 economics, A14.19
economical thickness, F23.9 air filtration, A31.3, 6 exhaust devices, A14.8
floors, A43.2; F24.3 controls, A31.19 exhaust systems, A14.10
foundations, A43.2; F24.3 cooking effluent fire safety, A14.11
heat flow, F23.4 control of, A31.6 fume hoods, A14.3
heat transfer, F14.30 generation of, A31.1 controls, A14.13
hospitals, A7.12 plume, A31.1 performance, A14.4
masonry construction, F24.2 thermal plume behavior, A31.2 hazard assessment, A14.2
materials, F23.2 dishwashers, piping, A49.5 heat recovery, A14.19
moisture control, F24.1 energy conservation hospitals, A7.9
performance, F24.3 economizers, A31.15 loads, A14.2
pipes reduced airflow, A31.15 nuclear facilities, A26.9
economical thickness, S11.16 residential hoods, A31.20 paper testing labs, A24.3
underground, F24.14; S11.8 restaurants, A31.14 radiochemistry labs, A14.18
refrigerant piping, R32.1 exhaust hoods, A31 safety, A14.2, 11
design, R32.1 ductless, A31.6 scale-up labs, A14.17
installation, R32.10 recirculating systems, A31.6, 9 stack heights, A14.13
jacketing, R32.10 residential, A31.20 supply air systems, A14.9
joint sealant, R32.4 systems, A31.2 system maintenance, A14.18
maintenance, R32.12 type I, A31.3 system operation, A14.18
vapor retarders, R32.4 type II, A31.3, 5 teaching labs, A14.18
refrigerated facilities, R12.1; exhaust systems, A31.2, 6, 21 types, A14.1
R13.13 ducts, A31.7; S16.5 ventilation, A14.8
roof deck construction, F24.3 effluent control, A31.6 Lakes, heat transfer, A32.25
roofs, A43.5 fans, A31.7 Lambert’s law, F3.9
solar energy systems, S33.7, 14 fire safety, A31.6 Laminar flow
steel frame construction, F24.1 hoods, A31.2 air, A16.3
thermal bridging, F24.2 maintenance, A31.18 fluids, F2.3
thermal control, F24.1 multiple-hood systems, A31.13, 17 Large eddy simulation (LES), F33.4
thermal storage systems, A34.19 residential, A31.20 Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA), F14.16
ice, A34.15 terminations, A31.8 Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV), F14.16
water, A34.11 fire safety, A31.17 Latent energy change materials, A34.11
types, F23.2 fire suppression, A31.15 Laundries
walls, A43.4 multiple-hood systems, A31.17 evaporative cooling, A51.8
water vapor retarders, F23.16 prevention of fire spread, A31.17 service water heating, A49.17
wood frame construction, F24.1 protection, A31.15 LCR. See Load collector ratio (LCR)
Intercoolers, ammonia refrigeration systems, residential, A31.20 LDA. See Laser Doppler anemometers (LDA)
R3.3 grease removal, A31.3, 6 LDV. See Laser Doppler velocimeters (LDV)
Inverse modeling heat recovery, A31.15 LE. See Life expectancy (LE), films
black-box, F31.24 indoor air quality (IAQ), A31.9 Leakage
calibrated simulation, F31.24 integration and balancing, A31.11 ducts, F34.15
dynamic, F31.29 maintenance, A31.18 Leakage function
empirical, F31.24 makeup air systems relationship, F26.12
examples, F31.29 air distribution, A31.10 Leak detection of refrigerants, F19.7
gray-box, F31.24 maintenance, A31.19 ammonia, F19.7
neural network, F31.29 replacement, A31.9 bubble method, F19.7; R46.4
electronic detection, F19.7; R46.4 latent factor, F28.5 Lubrication
fluorescent, R46.4 load components, F28.1 combustion turbines, S7.9
halide torch, F19.7 procedure, F28.5 compressors
mass spectrometer, R46.4 sensible heat factor, F28.5 centrifugal, S34.34
pressure testing, R46.4 shade line factor (SLF), F28.2 reciprocating, S34.8
sulfur dioxide, F19.7 shading coefficient, F28.2 rotary, S34.10
water submersion test, R46.4 residential heating single-screw, S34.13
Legionella pneumophila, A48.6 attic temperature, F28.8 twin-screw, S34.20
air washers, S19.8 crawlspace, F28.9 engines, S7.5
control, A48.7 design conditions, F28.7 steam turbines, S7.13
cooling towers, S36.12, 13 infiltration heat loss, F28.12 Mach number, S34.30
decorative fountains, A48.7 pickup load, F28.14 Maintenance. (See also Operation and
evaporative coolers, S19.8 procedure, F28.6, 7 maintenance)
hospitals, A7.2 transmission heat loss, F28.10 absorption units, R41.7
service water systems, A49.8 unheated space, F28.8 air cleaners, S24.9
Legionnaires’ disease. See Legionella snow-melting systems, A50.1 air conditioners, S44.3
pneumophila trailers and trucks, R29.8 retail store, A2.1
LES. See Large eddy simulation (LES) Load collector ratio (LCR), A33.21 air washers, S19.7
Lewis relation, F5.9; F8.4 Local exhaust. See Exhaust chillers, S38.5, 12
Libraries. See Museums, libraries, and Loss coefficients cogeneration systems, S7.40
archives control valves, F2.11 coils
Life expectancy (LE) rating, films, A20.3 duct fitting database, F34.12 air-cooling/dehumidifying, S21.15
Lighting fittings, F2.10 air-heating, S23.5
animal environments, F10.3 Louvers, F30.45; F34.17, 18 condensers, S35
cooling load, F29.3 Low-temperature water (LTW) systems, air-cooled, S35.13
greenhouses, A22.15 S12.1 evaporative, S35.19
heat gain, F29.3 LPG (liquefied petroleum gases), F18.4 water-cooled, S35.7
plant environments, A22.18; F10.16 LTW. See Low-temperature water (LTW) cooking equipment, A31.18
return air light fixtures, F29.4 system coolers, liquid, S37.5
Light measurement, F14.28 Lubricants, R7. (See also Oil) cooling towers, S36.11
Linde cycle, R38.4 additives, R7.4 costs, A36.5
Line sizing for halocarbon systems, R2.3 ammonia refrigeration, R3.6 documentation, A38.3
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), F18.4 component characteristics, R7.3 energy recovery equipment, S44.6, 14, 16
Liquid overfeed (recirculation) systems, R1 effects, R7.25 engines, S7.7; S47.3
ammonia refrigeration systems, R3.22 evaporator return, R7.16 evaporative coolers, S19.7
circulating rate, R1.4 foaming, R7.21 filters, air, S24.9
evaporators, R1.6 halocarbon refrigeration gaseous air cleaners, A45.11
line sizing, R1.7 compressor floodback protection, R2.31 heat pumps
liquid separators, R1.7 liquid indicators, R2.32 engine-driven, S47.9
overfeed rate, R1.4 lubricant management, R2.16 unitary, S45.3
pump selection, R1.4 moisture indicators, R2.32 industrial air conditioning systems,
receiver sizing, R1.7 purge units, R2.33 A12.8
recirculation, R1.1 receivers, R2.33 infrared heaters, S15.5
refrigerant distribution, R1.2 refrigerant driers, R2.32 kitchen ventilation systems, A31.18, 20
terminology, R1.1 separators, R2.31 laboratory HVAC equipment, A14.18
Lithium bromide-water, F20.1 strainers, R2.32 liquid chillers, R43.5, 12, 15; S38.15
Lithium chloride, S22.2 surge drums or accumulators, R2.31 makeup air units, S31.10
Load calculations miscibility, R7.12 management, A38
cargo containers, R29.8 moisture content, R46.1 manual, A38.3
coils, air-cooling/dehumidifying, S21.14 oxidation, R7.24 solar energy systems, A33.24
computer calculation, A39.5 properties, R7.4 terminology, A38.1
humidification, S20.3 floc point, R7.18 turbines
hydronic systems, S12.2 viscosity, R7.5 combustion, S7.12
internal heat load, R12.2 refrigerant steam, S7.18
nonresidential, F29.1, 23 contamination, R6.7 unit heaters, S31.7
precooling, R14.1 reactions with, R5.7 Makeup air units, S31.8
rail cars, R29.8 solutions, R7.8 applications, S31.10
refrigerated facilities density, R7.8 codes, S31.9
air exchange, R12.3 solubility, R7.9, 11, 13 commissioning, S31.10
direct flow through doorways, R12.5 viscosity, R7.13 control, A46.13; S31.9
load requirements, R7.2 design, S31.8
equipment, R12.5 separators, R45.23 maintenance, S31.10
infiltration, R12.3 solubility selection, S31.9
internal, R12.2 air, R7.21 standards, S31.9
product, R12.2 hydrocarbon gages, R7.20 types, S31.9
transmission, R12.1 refrigerant solutions, R7.9, 11, 13 Malls, A2.6
residential cooling water, R7.21 Manometers, A37.12
block load, F28.1 stability, R7.25 Management, of maintenance, A38.1
cooling load temperature differential synthetic lubricants, R7.3 Manufactured homes, A1.6
(CLTD), F28.2 testing, R7.1 Masonry, insulation, F24.2. (See also Building
glass load factor (GLF), F28.2 wax separation, R7.18 envelopes)
Mass transfer, F5 processing facilities content/transfer, F14.29
convection, F5.5, 6 boxed beef, R16.7 control
eddy diffusion, F5.9 carcass coolers heating climates, F24.4, 7
Lewis relation, F5.9; F8.4 beef, R16.2 mixed climates, F24.7
energy recovery, air-to-air, S44.3 calves, R16.10 options, F24.4
heat transfer simultaneous with, F5.9 hogs, R16.7 warm humid climates, F24.8
air washers, F5.11 lamb, R16.10 diffusivity, F14.30
cooling coils, F5.13 energy conservation, R16.17 farm crops content, A23.1; F11.1, 5
cooling towers, F5.13 pork trimmings, R16.10 in foundations, A43.2; F24.10
dehumidifying coils, F5.13 processed meats in insulation, F24.1
direct-contact equipment, F5.10 bacon slicing rooms, R16.13 in membrane roofs, F24.9
enthalpy potential, F5.9 freezing, R16.15 migration, F24.4
molecular diffusion, F5.1 lard chilling, R16.15 permeability, F14.29
in liquids and solids, F5.4 sausage dry rooms, R16.13 permeance, F14.30
two-film theory, S25.21 smokehouses, R16.12 in refrigerant systems, F6
simultaneous, F5.9 sanitation, R16.1 control, R6.1
Mass-transit systems shipping docks, R16.17 desiccants, R6.3
buses, A9.9 variety meats, R16.11 driers, R6.6
bus garages, A13.12 retail storage, R47.10 drying methods, R6.2
bus terminals, A13.14 thermal properties, R8.1 effects, R6.1
diesel locomotive facilities, A13.23 Mechanical traps, steam systems, S10.8 factory dehydration, R46.1
enclosed vehicular facilities, A13 Medium-temperature water (MTW) system, hydrocarbon gages solubility, R7.20
fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.12 S12.1 indicators, R6.3
rail cars, A9.11 Metabolic rate, F8.6 lubricant solubility, R7.21
rapid transit, A9.8; A13.17 Metals and alloys, low-temperature, R39.6 measurement, R6.3; R46.3
stations, A13.19 Methylene chloride, F21.13 sources, R6.1; R46.1
thermal comfort, A9.9; A13.20 Microbial growth, R11.4 in roofs, A43.6
thermal load analysis, A9.9; A13.20 Microbiology of foods, R11.1 sorption isotherms, F14.29
tunnels Mines, A27 terminology, F23.1
railroad, A13.21 heat sources, A27.2 water vapor retarders, F23.16; , F26.16
rapid transit, A13.17 mechanical refrigeration plants, A27.9 heating climates, F24.5
subway, A13.17 spot coolers, A27.10 mixed climates, F24.7
ventilation, A9.9; A13.1 ventilation, A27.1 warm humid climates, F24.8
McLeod gages, F14.13 wall rock heat flow, A27.3 in windows, A43.7
Mean radiant temperature (MRT), Modeling Montreal Protocol, F19.1; R5.2
A53.1 airflow, A16.4; A29.6 Motors, S40
Mean temperature difference, F3.3 around buildings, F16.9 codes, S40.1
Measurement, F14 similarity scaling, F16.10 compressors, S34.3
air exchange rates, F26.10 compressors, F31.15 controls, S40.6
airflow, A37.2 condenser and evaporator, F31.14 efficiency, S40.2
air infiltration, F14.21 cooling tower, F31.16 evaporative cooling, A51.7
air leakage, F26.13 moisture in buildings, F23.19 field assembly and refrigerant contamination,
airtightness, F14.21 scale simulation and testing, A44.11 R6.8
carbon dioxide, F14.22 small forced-air heating systems, S9.13 furnaces, residential, S28.2
combustion analysis, F14.31 systems, F31.16 general purpose, S40.2
contaminants, F14.30 Moist air, F6 hermetic, S40.4
data acquisition, F14.31 psychrometrics, F6.1 burnout, R6.8, 11
electricity, F14.24 thermal conductivity, F6.16 integral thermal protection, S40.4
fluid flow, A37.11; F2.12; F14.17 thermodynamic properties power supply (ac), S40.1
gaseous contaminants, A45.3 standard pressure, F6.10 pumps, centrifugal, S39.8, 12, 13
heat transfer in insulation, F14.30 temperature scale, F6.2 standards, S40.1
humidity, F14.9 transport properties, F6.16 starting, and electricity, A55.8; S40.7
light levels, F14.28 viscosity, F6.16 in variable-speed drives, S40.8, 10
moisture content, F14.29; R6.3 Moisture Movie theaters, A4.3
farm crops, F11.5 animal production, F10.7-14 MRT, A53.1
refrigeration systems, R46.3 in attics, F24.6 MTW, S12.1
moisture transfer, F14.29 in building materials, F23.13 Multifamily residences, A1.5
odors, F13.5 in buildings Multiple-use complexes
pressure, F14.12 animal facilities, A22.2 air conditioning, A5.8
rotative speed, F14.24 commercial and institutional, F24.12 design criteria, A5.1
sound, A37.18; F14.25 condensation prevention, F23.20; F24.4 load characteristics, A5.1
temperature, F14.3 envelope component intersections, F24.12 systems, A5.1, 2
thermal comfort, F14.28 heat flow affected by, F23.12 energy inefficient, A5.2
uncertainty analysis, A40.12; F14.2 humidity control, F24.5 total energy, A5.2
velocity, F14.14 modeling, F23.19 Museums, libraries, and archives
vibration, A37.21; F7.17; F14.27 moisture-related problems, F23.11 air distribution, A21.12
Meat, R16 steady-state design tools, F23.17 air filtration, A21.12
display refrigerators, R47.9 in cathedral ceilings, F24.6 artifact deterioration, A21.4
food processing, R16.1 in ceilings, A43.6 building construction, A21.7
frozen, R16.16 combustion, F18.10 dehumidification, A21.11, 12
packaged fresh cuts, R16.11 condensation, S20.2 exhibit cases, A21.4
humidification, A21.11 power plants, A26.5 new technology, A38.5
mold growth, A21.4 pressurized water reactors, A26.6 responsibilities, A38.5
outside air, A21.11 radioactive waste facilities, A26.9 Outlets, air diffusion, F32.7
relative humidity, effect on artifacts, A21.4 safety design, A26.1 location, F32.15
system selection, A21.10 standards, A26.10 performance, F32.10
temperature, effect on artifacts, A21.2 tornado/wind protection, A26.2 selection, F32.15
Mycotoxins, F11.6 Number of transfer units (NTU) Outpatient health care facilities, A7.12
Naphthenes, R7.2 cooling towers, S36.15 Outside air, free cooling
Natatoriums. (See also Swimming pools) heat transfer, F3.4 cooling towers, S36.9
air conditioning, A4.5 Nursing homes liquid chillers, S38.12
duct design, A4.7 air conditioning, A7.13 Outside air fraction, F26.8
envelope design, A4.7 classifications, A7.13 Owning costs, A36.1
load estimation, A4.6 service water heating, A49.11 Oxygen
pool water chemistry, A4.7 Nusselt number, F3.2 in aircraft cabins, A10.9
ventilation requirements, A4.6 Nuts, storage, R28.7 liquid, R38.2
Natural gas, F18.4 Odors, F13 recovery, R38.13
liquefaction, R38.6 analytical measurement, F13.5 Ozone
liquefied, R38.2 control of, in industrial exhaust gas cleaning, absorption bands, F30.15
pipe sizing, F35.18 S25.27, 28 activated carbon air cleaner, A45.9
processing, R38.15 factors affecting, F13.2, 5 in aircraft cabins
separation, R38.14 odor units, F13.6 catalytic converters, A10.7, 8
Navier-Stokes equations, F33.1 olf unit, F13.6 limits, A10.1
NC curves. See Noise criterion (NC) curves psychophysical power law, F13.3 electronic air filters, S24.8
Net positive suction pressure (NPSH), sense of smell, F13.1 PAC, F9.5
A34.11 sensory measurement, F13.3 Packaged terminal air conditioners (PTACs),
Nightclubs, A3.6 acceptability, F13.5 S46.5
Night setback sources, F13.1 residential, A1.6
furnaces, residential, S9.16, 17 Stevens’ law, F13.3 Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHPs), S46.5
recovery, A41.27 suprathreshold intensity, F13.3 residential, A1.6
Nitrogen threshold, F13.1 PAH, F9.5
liquid, R38.2 Odor units, legal limits, F13.6 Panel heating and cooling. See Radiant
recovery, R38.13 Office buildings heating; Radiant panels
Noise, F7.9. (See also Sound) air conditioning, A3.6 Paper
air conditioners, room, S46.4 space requirements, A3.7 moisture content, A18.2
compressors service water heating, A49.11, 13 photographic, A20.1
centrifugal, S34.33 Oil, fuel, F18.5 storage, A20.3
scroll, S34.24 characteristics, F18.5 Paper products facilities, A24
single-screw, S34.17 distillate oils, F18.5 air conditioning, A24.2
condensing units, R47.16 handling, S26.8 conduction drying, A28.3
controls, A16.15 heating value, F18.6 control rooms, A24.3
engine test facilities, A15.4 pipe sizing, F35.17 evaporative cooling, A51.8
fans, S18.8 preparation, S26.9 finishing area, A24.3
fluid flow, F2.14 residual oils, F18.5 machine area, A24.2
health effects, F9.15 storage tanks, S26.7 system selection, A24.4
valves, S42.2 storage buildings, A25.8 testing laboratories, A24.3
water pipes, F35.4 sulfur content, F18.6 Paraffins, R7.2
Noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.27; F7.11 viscosity, F18.5 Parallel compressor systems, R47.13
balanced (NCB), A47.27 Oil, in refrigerant systems, R7.2. (See also Particles, liquid, fogs, F12.5
Noncondensable gases Lubricants) Particulate matter, indoor air quality (IAQ),
condensers, water-cooled, S35.6 Olf unit, F13.6 F9.4, 5
refrigerant contamination, R6.7 One-pipe systems Pasteurization, R19.2
Nonhydrocarbons, R7.2 chilled water, S12.12 beverages, R25.6
NPSH. See Net positive suction pressure steam convection heating, S10.12; 1993 dairy products, R19.2
(NPSH) Fundamentals, Chapter 33, pp. 16-17 eggs, R20.4, 10-13
NTU. See Number of transfer units (NTU) (See explanantion on first page of index.) juices, R24.4, 7
Nuclear facilities, A26 Operating costs, A36.3 Peanuts, drying, A23.9; F11.13
air filtration, A26.3, 6 Operation and maintenance, A38. (See also Peclet number, F3.2
codes, A26.10 Maintenance) PEL. See Permissible exposure limits (PEL)
criticality, A26.1 compressors, S34.35 Performance contracting, A40.2
decommissioning, A26.9 condition monitoring, A38.4 Permafrost stabilization, R35.4
Department of Energy facilities requirements desiccant dehumidifiers, S22.6 Permeability
confinement systems, A26.3 documentation, A38.3 clothing, F8.8
ventilation, A26.4 industrial exhaust systems, A30.8 vapor, F14.29; F23.2
fire protection, A26.2 exhaust gas cleaning equipment, water vapor, F23.2
HVAC design, A26.1 S25.30 Permeance
Nuclear Regulatory Commission facilities laboratory HVAC equipment, A14.18 thickness, F14.30
requirements management water vapor, F23.2
boiling water reactors, A26.7 condition monitoring, A38.4 Permissible exposure limits (PEL), A29.9;
laboratories, A26.9 results-oriented maintenance, A38.1 F9.5
medical/research reactors, A26.9 system complexity, A38.3 Pharmaceutical manufacturing cleanrooms,
other buildings/rooms, A26.8 manuals, A38.3 A16.5
Phase-change materials, thermal storage of, fluid flow, F2.1 system identification, F36.10
A34.14, 19 freeze prevention, F24.14, A50.18 systems
Photographic materials, A20 heat transfer analysis, S11.9 ammonia refrigeration, R3.7
processing and printing requirements, A20.1 insulation, F24.14; S11.8 compressor piping, R3.10, 12
storage, A20.3 iron, S41.2 condenser and receiver piping, R3.15
unprocessed, A20.1 joining methods, S41.2, 5 evaporator piping, R3.18
Photovoltaic (PV) systems. See Solar energy plastic, F35.9; S41.7, 9 central, S4.3
Physical properties of materials selection, S41.6 halocarbon refrigeration
boiling points, F38.1, 2 standards, fittings, S41.2 capacity tables, R2.3-9, 11-15
density steel, S41.1 compressor, R2.25
liquids, F38.2 stress calculations, S41.7 condenser, R2.24
solids, F38.3 supporting elements, S11.17; S41.10 defrost gas supply lines, R2.21
vapors, F38.1 underground, F24.15 discharge lines, R2.19
emissivity of solids, F38.3 Pipe sizing, F35.1 double hot-gas risers, R2.20
freezing points, F38.2 ammonia systems capacity tables, R3.8, 9 draining prevention, R2.21
heat of fusion, F38.2 computer analysis, A39.7 evaporator, R2.29
heat of vaporization, F38.2 fittings, F35.1, 5 gas velocity, R2.1
solids, F38.3 fuel oil, F35.20 hot-gas
specific heat gas, F35.18 (discharge) mufflers, R2.21
liquids, F38.2 hydronic systems, F35.6; S12.15 bypass, R2.35
solids, F38.3 air separation, F35.5 insulation, R2.10
vapors, F38.1 insulation and vapor retarders, R3.10 liquid cooler, flooded, R2.26, 27
thermal conductivity isolated line sections, R3.10 location and arrangement, R2.5
liquids, F38.2 pressure drop equations, F35.1 minimum gas velocities, R2.20
solids, F38.3 refrigerant oil transport up risers, R2.20
vapors, F38.1 halocarbon systems, R2.3 pressure drop, R2.3
vapor pressure, F38.2 retail food store refrigeration, R47.18 refrigerant feed devices, R2.27
viscosity service water, F35.7 single riser and oil separator, R2.20
liquids, F38.2 cold-water sizing procedure, F35.9 vibration and noise, R2.10
vapors, F38.1 steam, F35.10 solar energy, A33.12; S33.8, 10
Physiological principles, humans. (See also condensate return, F35.14 steam, S10.3, 5
Comfort) high-pressure, F35.12 water, S14.7
adaptation, F8.15 low-pressure, F35.12 circuits, S12.8
age, F8.15 two-pipe systems, F35.16 distribution, S12.5
body surface area (DuBois), F8.3 valves, F35.1, 5; R3.9 unit heaters, S31.7
clothing, F8.8 water vibration control, A47.41
cooling load, F29.3 fixture units, F35.8 vibration transmission, A37.24
DuBois equation, F8.3 flow rate limitations, F35.3 Pitot tube, A37.2; F14.16
energy balance, F8.2 aging allowances, F35.4 Places of assembly, A4
heat stress, F8.20, 24 erosion, F35.4 air conditioning, A4.2
heat transfer coefficients noise, F35.4 air distribution, A4.2
convective, F8.8 water hammer, F35.4 air filtration, A4.1
evaporative, F8.8 Piping. (See also Pipes) air stratification, A4.2
Lewis relation, F8.4 boilers, S10.3 arenas, A4.4
radiative, F8.7 capacity tables, R2.10-15 atriums, A4.8
hyperthermia, F8.1 codes, S41.6 auditoriums, A4.3
hypothalamus, F8.1 cooling towers, S13.2; S36.8 concert halls, A4.4
hypothermia, F8.1 district heating and cooling convention centers, A4.5
integral control, F8.2 distribution system, S11.6 exhibition centers, A4.5
latent heat loss, F8.3, 10 heat transfer, S11.9 fairs, A4.8
mechanical efficiency, F8.6 insulation thickness, S11.17 gymnasiums, A4.5
metabolic rate, F8.6 geothermal energy systems, A32.9 houses of worship, A4.3
respiratory heat loss, F8.4 heat-carrying capacity, S12.3 lighting loads, A4.1
seasonal rhythms, F8.15 hydronic snow melting, A50.11 mechanical equipment rooms, A4.3
sensible heat loss, F8.3 insulation, R32.1 movie theaters, A4.3
sex, F8.15 radiant panels, hydronic, S6.14 natatoriums, A4.5
skin heat loss, F8.3, 5 refrigerant playhouses, A4.3
skin wettedness, F8.20 ammonia systems, R3.1 precooling, A4.2
thermal exchanges, F8.3 below-ambient, R32.1 sound control, A4.1
thermoregulation, F8.1 halocarbon systems, R2.1 space conditions, A4.1
vasodilation, F8.1 insulation, R32.1 stadiums, A4.4
Pigs. See Swine jacketing, R32.10 temporary exhibit buildings, A4.8
Pipes, S41. (See also Piping) pipe preparation, R32.2 vibration control, A4.1
buried, F25.20 supports and hangers, R32.10 Planes. See Aircraft
heat transfer analysis, S11.10 vapor retarders, R32.4 Plant environments, A22.10; F10.5
codes, S41.6 service hot water, A49.4 air, F10.20
cold springing, S11.17; S41.12 solar energy systems, A33.12; S33.8, 10 controlled environment rooms, A22.17
copper tube, S41.1 sound design, A22.10
expansion bends, S41.11 control, A47.41 energy balance, F10.15
expansion joints, S41.13 transmission, A37.24 greenhouses, A22.10
expansion loops, S41.11, 12 standards, S11.18; S41.6 carbon dioxide enrichment, A22.15
cooling, A22.13 Prandtl number, F3.2 industrial drying, A28.1
energy conservation, A22.16 Precooling moist air
evaporative cooling, A22.13 buildings, A41.28 standard atmosphere, U.S., F6.1
heating, A22.11; F10.15 flowers, cut, R14.9 thermal conductivity, F6.20
heat loss calculation, A22.11 fruits and vegetables, R14.3 thermodynamic properties, F6.2, 14
heat loss reduction, A22.16 load calculation, R14.1 transport properties, F6.16
humidity control, A22.14 indirect evaporative, A51.3 viscosity, F6.16
photoperiod control, A22.15 places of assembly, A4.2 perfect gas equations, F6.8
shading, A22.13 Predicted mean vote (PMV), F14.29 water at saturation, thermodynamic
site selection, A22.10 comfort, F8.16 properties, F6.2
supplemental irradiance, F10.19 Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD), F8.17 PTACs, A1.6; S46.5
ventilation, A22.13 Preschools, A6.2 PTHPs, A1.6; S46.5
humidity, F10.19 Pressure Public buildings. See Commercial and public
lighting, F10.16 absolute, F14.12 buildings
other facilities, A22.20 aircraft cabins, A10.2, 4, 6, 8 Pulldown load, R47.5
photoperiod control, A22.15; F10.19 clean spaces, A16.14 Pumps
plant growth chambers, A22.17 differential, F14.13 centrifugal, S39
supplemental irradiance, A22.15; F10.18 conversion to head, A37.12 affinity laws, S39.7
temperature, F10.15 hospitals, A7.3, 4 antifreeze effect on, S12.17
Plate heat exchangers (PHEs), S11.28 readout, A37.12 arrangement, S39.10
Plenums dynamic, F14.13 compound, S12.7
construction, S16.4 gage, F14.13 pumping
mixing, S2.7 measurement, A37.2; F14.12 distributed, S39.12
sound attenuation, A47.13 sensors for, F15.9 parallel, S12.6; S39.10
stratification in, A37.2 smoke control, A52.5, 9 primary-secondary, S12.7; S39.12
PMV. See Predicted mean vote (PMV) stairwells, A52.9, 11 series, S12.6; S39.11
Police stations, A8.1 static control, A46.2; F14.13 variable-speed, S39.12
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC), F9.5 steam systems, S10.4 standby, S12.7; S39.12
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), F9.5 units, F14.13 two-speed motors, S39.12
Polydimethylsiloxane, F21.13 vacuum, F14.12 casing, S39.2
Ponds, spray, S36.6 Pressure drop. (See also Darcy-Weisbach cavitation, S39.9
Pope cell, F14.12 equation) commissioning, S39.13
Positive positioners, F15.7 pipe sizing, F35.1 construction, S39.2
Potatoes two-phase fluid flow, F4.11 efficiency, best efficiency point (BEP),
processed, R26.5 Pressure losses, district heating and cooling, S39.7
storage, A51.9 S11.6 energy conservation, S39.13
Poultry. (See also Animal environments; Printing plants, A18 impellers
Chickens; Turkeys) air conditioning, A18.1 operation, S39.2
chilling, R17.1 air filtration, A18.4 trimming, S39.6, 7, 8
decontamination, R17.5 binding areas, A18.5 installation, S39.13
environment, A22.9 collotype printing rooms, A18.4 motors, S39.13
freezing, R17.6 letterpress areas, A18.2 operation, S39.2, 13
packaging, R17.10 lithographic pressrooms, A18.3 performance
processing, R17.1, 5 paper moisture content control, A18.2 net positive suction, S39.9
processing plant sanitation, R17.11 platemaking rooms, A18.2 operating point, S39.5
refrigeration, retail, R17.12 relief printing areas, A18.2 pump curves, S12.5; S39.4, 5
storage, R17.12 rotogravure pressrooms, A18.4 power, S39.6
tenderness control, R17.11 salvage systems, A18.4 radial thrust, S39.9
thawing, R17.13 shipping areas, A18.5 selection, S39.10
Power plants, A25 ink drying, A28.3 types, S39.2
buildings Prisons, A8.1 chilled water, A41.2, 6, 16, 18
oil pump, A25.8 Produce sequencing, A41.17, 20
oil storage, A25.8 deterioration rate, R10.1 condenser water, A41.6
steam generator, A25.4 display refrigerators, R47.7 as fluid flow indicators, A37.13
turbine generator, A25.6 Propylene glycol geothermal wells, A32.23
coal-handling facilities, A25.6, 9 coolants, secondary, F21.4 lineshaft, A32.7
cogeneration, S7.1 hydronic systems, S12.16 submersible, A32.8
combined cycle, S7.34 Psychrometers, F6.9 hydronic snow melting, A50.13
combustion turbine areas, A25.8 Psychrometrics, F6 liquid overfeed systems, R1.4
control center, A25.8 air composition, F6.1 solar energy systems, A33.12
cooling, A25.9 chart, F6.12 systems
design criteria, A25.1 adiabatic mixing, F6.13 central, S4.3
evaporative cooling, A51.8 of water, F6.14 water, S12.5; S14.6
fuel cells, S7.35 heat absorption/moisture gain, F6.15 variable-speed, A41.8, 18
heating, A25.10 moist air Purge units, centrifugal chillers, S38.11
turbines cooling, F6.13 liquid, R43.11
combustion, S7.8 heating, F6.12 Radiant cooling panels, A53.1; S6.1
steam, S7.12 thermodynamic properties, F6.16 Radiant heating, A53; S6; S15; S29.4
ventilation, A25.3 evaporative cooling systems, A51.1, 5, applications, A53.8
rates, A25.2 10, 11 asymmetry, A53.5
PPD. See Predicted percent dissatisfied (PPD) humidity parameters, F6.8 beam heating design, A53.5; S15.5
control, A46.8 radio waves, F9.17 valves, control
design, A53.3 solar, A33.3 check, R45.21
direct infrared, A53.1, 4, 8 thermal, F3.1; S6.1 condenser pressure regulators, R45.14
equations, A53.2 angle factors, F3.9 condensing water regulators
floor reradiation, A53.5 blackbody, F3.7 operation, R45.20
infrared, A53.1, 4, 8; S15 display cases, R47.4 year-round, R45.19
beam heater design, S15.5 energy transfer, F3.6 expansion
control, S15.4 exchange between surfaces, F3.9 constant pressure, R45.10, 13
efficiency, S15.3 in gases, F3.11 electric, R45.10
electric, S15.2 gray, F3.8 thermostatic, R45.4
energy conservation, S15.1 heat transfer, F3.1 float, R45.16
gas-fired, S15.1 infrared, F30.17 pressure relief devices, R45.21
indirect, S15.1 monochromatic emissive power, F3.8 solenoid, R45.17
intensity, S15.1 nonblack, F3.8 suction pressure regulators, R45.4, 14
maintenance, S15.5 transient, F3.4 Refrigerants, F19.1
oil-fired, S15.3 Radiators, S32.5 absorption solutions, F20.1
precautions, S15.4 design, S32.4 ammonia, F20.1; R2.3; R5.3
reflectors, S15.4 nonstandard condition corrections, S32.3 chemical reactions, R5.6
installation, A53.8 types, S32.1 refrigeration system practices, R3.1
panel, A53.1, 8; S29.4 Radioactive gases, contaminants, F12.16 ammonia-water, F20.1
radiation patterns, A53.5 Radioactive waste, low-level, A26.9 analysis, R5.3
snow-melting systems, A50.16 Radiometers, A53.7 automobile air conditioners, A9.8
terminology Radiosity, F3.9 azeotropic, F1.6
adjusted dry-bulb temperature, A53.1 Radio stations, A3.9 bakeries, R27.7
ambient temperature, A53.1 Radon, F9.16; F12.17 carbon dioxide, F20.1
angle factor, S15.5 control, A43.3; A45.9 cascade refrigeration systems, R39.3
effective radiant flux (ERF), A53.2; S15.5 indoor concentrations, F12.15 CFC conversion, R7.26
fixture efficiency, S15.4 Rail cars compatibility with other materials, R5.4
mean radiant temperature (MRT), A53.1; air conditioning, A9.11 database, R5.10
S6.1 air distribution, A9.13 elastomers, R5.6
operative temperature, A53.1 heaters, A9.13 electrical insulation, R5.4
pattern efficiency, S15.4 refrigerated, R29. (See also Cargo plastics, R5.6
radiant flux distribution, S15.6 containers) compositional groups, R5.2
radiation-generating ratio, S15.4 vehicle types, A9.12 ammonia, R5.3
test instruments, A53.7 Railroad tunnels, ventilation chlorofluorocarbons, R5.2
total space heating, A53.6 design, A13.21 fluoroethanes, R5.3
Radiant panels, A53.1, 8; S6; S29.4; S32.6 diesel locomotive facilities, A13.23 fluoroethers, R5.3
advantages, S6.1 equipment, A13.24 fluoromethanes, R5.3
air-heated/cooled panels, S6.19 locomotive cooling requirements, A13.22 fluoropropanes, R5.3
applications, A53.8 tunnel aerodynamics, A13.23 hydrocarbons, R5.3
control, A46.8; S6.19 tunnel purge, A13.23 hydrochlorofluorocarbons, R5.2
cooling, S6.1 Rapid-transit systems. See Mass-transit hydrofluorocarbons, R5.3
design, S6.5 systems computer analysis, A39.12
calculations, S6.7 RC curves. See Room criteria (RC) curves construction materials affected by, F19.11
disadvantages, S6.2 Receivers contaminants in, R6
electric heating systems, S6.16 ammonia refrigeration systems generation by high temperature, R5.10
ceiling, S6.16 high-pressure, R3.3 cryogenic fluids, F20.1; R38.1
floor, S6.17 piping, R3.15 environmental acceptability, R5.1
wall, S6.17 through-type, R3.15 environmental test facilities, R37.1
heating, S6.1; S29.4 halocarbon refrigerant, R2.21 halocarbons, F20.1; R5.3
heat transfer liquid overfeed systems, R1.7 azeotropic blends, F20.1
combined, S6.4 Recycling refrigerants, R6.9 ethane series, F20.1
convection, S6.3 Reflectors, S15.4 flow rate, R2.1
radiation, S6.2 Refrigerant-absorbent pairs, F1.16 hydrolysis, R5.6
hydronic systems, S6.10; S32.6 Refrigerant control devices, F45 methane series, F20.1
ceiling, S6.12 air conditioners, S45.6; S46.2 propane, F20.1
design considerations, S6.10 automobile air conditioners, A9.6 refrigeration system practices, R2.1
distribution/layout, S6.14 capillary tubes, R45.23 thermal stability, R5.6
floor, S6.15 coolers, liquid, S37.5 zeotropic blends, F20.1
wall, S6.15 heat pumps inorganic refrigerants, F20.1
Radiant time series (RTS), F29.25 engine-driven, S47.10 leak detection, F19.7
cooling load, F29.26 system, S8.8 lines
factors, F29.27 unitary, S45.9 oil management, R2.16
load calculations, nonresidential, F29.1 lubricant separators, R45.23 sizing, R2.3
Radiation pressure transducers, R45.4 lithium bromide-water, F20.1
atmospheric, A33.5 sensors, R45.4 lubricant solutions, R7.8
diffuse, F30.16, 37 short tube restrictors, R45.30 moisture in, R6.1
electromagnetic, F9.16 switches Montreal Protocol, F19.1; R5.2
ground-reflected, F30.16 differential control, R45.2 performance, F19.6
optical waves, F9.17 float, R45.3 phaseout, F19.1
radiant balance, F3.11 pressure control, R45.1 phaseout costs, A36.6
piping, R2.1 lubricant management, R3.6 pulldown time, R4.4
design, R32.1 multistage systems, R3.20 storage tanks, R4.3
insulation, R32.1 piping, R3.7 system costs, R4.5
pressure drop safety, R3.26 soils, subsurface, R35.4
discharge lines, R2.5 system selection, R3.1 systems
liquid lines, R2.3 two-stage screw compressor, R3.21 charging, factory, R46.4
suction lines, R2.5 valves, R3.10 chemical reactions, R5.6
properties, F19.4, 6; R5.1, 4 vessels, R3.3 component balancing, R44.1
rail car air conditioning, A9.11 autocascade systems, R39.1 contaminant control, R6
reclamation, R6.11 beverage plants, R25.11 of moisture, R6.1
removing contaminants, R6.8 biomedical applications, R40.1 retrofitting, during, R6.13
recovery, R6.8 breweries, R25.3 copper plating, R5.9
recycling, R6.9 cascade systems design balance points, R44.2
safety groups, F19.6 compressors, R39.5 dehydration, factory, R46.1
standard number designations, F19.1 refrigerants, R39.4 energy and mass balance, R44.3
systems chemical industry, R36.1, 2, 5 evaluating system chemistry, R5.1
chemistry, R5.1 coefficient of performance (COP), moisture in, R46.1
lubricants, R7.1 F1.3, 14 performance, R44.4
thermodynamic properties, F20.1 compression cycles reactions, R5.9
transport properties, F20.1 Carnot cycle, F1.6, 8 testing, factory, R46.4
water/steam, F20.1 Lorenz cycle, F1.9 thermal storage, A34.5, 7, 19
zeotropic, F1.6, 10 multistage, F1.10 ultralow-temperature, R39.1
Refrigerant transfer units (RTU) zeotropic mixture, F1.10 wineries, R25.8
centrifugal liquid chillers, R43.11 concrete, R35.1 Refrigeration load
liquid chillers, S38.11 condensers, cascade, R44.1 calculations, air-and-water systems, S3.7
Refrigerated facilities, R13 cycles, R38.4 safety factor, R12.6
air engine-driven, S47.10 Refrigeration oils
circulation, R10.10 food aromatics, R7.2
purification, R10.10 eggs and egg products, R20.1 naphthenes (cycloparaffins), R7.2
automated, R13.4, 16 fish, R18.1 nonhydrocarbons, R7.2
construction, R13.4 vegetables, R23.1 paraffins, R7.2
controlled atmosphere storage, R13.3 food processing facilities, R26.1 Refrigerators
controls, R10.10; R13.12 banana ripening rooms, R22.5 commercial
design control of microorganisms, R11.3 blast chillers, R48.3
building configuration, R13.1 meat plants, R16.1 blast freezers, R48.3
initial building considerations, R13.1 food service equipment, R48.1 freezers, R48.3
location, R13.1 fruits, fresh, R21, R22 reach-in, R48.1
shipping and receiving docks, R13.3 halocarbon systems, R2 roll-in, R48.3
single-story structures, R13.2 accessories, R2.29 cryocoolers, R38.8
specialized storage facilities, R13.3 heat exchangers, R2.29 food service, R48.1
stacking arrangement, R13.2 lubricant management, R2.16 household
utility space, R13.3 piping, R2.3 absorption cycle, R41.8
freezers, R13.11 refrigerant receivers R2.21 cabinet construction, R49.2
insulation, R13.13 subcoolers, R2.30; R44.2 defrosting, R49.6
load calculations, R12.1 valves, R2.16 design and construction, R49.1
refrigerated rooms, R13.4 heat reclaim, service water heating, efficiency, R49.2
refrigeration systems, R13.10 A49.3, 21 ice makers, R49.3
condensate drains, R13.9 ice rinks, R34.1 refrigeration systems, R49.5
defrosting, R13.9 insulation, R32.1 testing, R49.9
fan-coil units, R13.8 liquid overfeed systems, R1.1 mortuary, R48.3
multiple installations, R13.10 loads, R12.6; R26.3; S3.7 retail food store
unitary, R13.7, 8 low-temperature display, A2.3; R47.1
valves, R13.10 autocascade systems, R39.1 storage, R47.10
sanitation, R10.10 cascade systems, R39.3 walk-in, R47.11; R48.4
temperature pulldown, R13.16 heat transfer, R39.9 Regulators. (See also Valves)
vapor retarders, R13.5, 13 material selection, R39.6 condenser pressure, R45.14
Refrigeration, F1.1 secondary coolants, R39.11 condensing water, R45.19
air coolers, forced-circulation, R42.1 single-refrigerant systems, R39.2 draft, S30.23
air transport, R31.3, 5 lubricant coolers, R44.2 pressure, steam, S10.9
absorption cycle, F1.14. (See also marine, R30 suction pressure, R45.14
Absorption) fishing vessels, R30.7 Residential systems, A1
ammonia systems, R3 ships’ stores, R30.4 air cleaners, S24.9
compressors refrigerated facility design, R13.1 air leakage, F26.13
cooling, R3.11, 12, 13 retail food store systems, R47.11 calculation, F26.21
piping, R3.10, 12 secondary coolant systems, R4 climatic infiltration zones, F26.17
types, R3.2 applications, R4.6 dehumidifiers, A1.5
controls, R3.6 coolant selection duct construction, S16.2
converting systems, R3.21 design equipment sizing, A1.2
equipment, R3.2 control valves, R4.2 forced-air systems
evaporative condensers, R3.16 expansion tanks, R4.3, 5 air outlets/returns, S9.2
liquid recirculation (overfeed), R3.22 piping, R4.2 selection, S9.12
controls, S9.2 controls, A13.7 meat processing, R16.1
design, S9.1, 3 ducts, A13.7 regulations and standards, R11.5
distribution design, S9.5 emergency, A13.1 refrigerated storage facilities, R10.10
ducts, S9.4 emergency air quantities, A13.5 Scale
efficiency testing, S9.12 enclosed facility, A13.1 control, A48.4
furnace, S28.1 enhancements, A13.4 humidifiers, S20.4
heating performance equipment, A13.24 service water systems, A49.7
climate effect, S9.16 hybrid, A13.4 water treatment, A48.4
dynamic simulation model (HOUSE), mechanical, A13.2 Schneider system, R13.7
S9.13 natural, A13.1 Schools
factors, S9.13 normal conditions, A13.1 air conditioning, A6.3
furnace pressure evaluation, A13.6 service water heating, A49.17
efficiency, S9.12, 13 temporary, A13.1 elementary, A49.12
size effect, S9.16 Rodents, and farm crop storage, F11.8 high schools, A49.12, 14
type effect, S9.16 Roof ponds, Legionella pneumophila control, Seeds
night setback effect, S9.16 A48.7 drying, F11.13
zone control, S9.7 Roofs storage, A23.12
furnaces, S28.1 air movement, A43.6 Seismic restraint, A47.46; A54.1
gas burners, S26.1 heat loss, F28.10 anchor bolts, A54.12
heaters, S29.1 insulation, A43.5; F24.3 design, A54.1
heating/cooling systems, A1.1 insulation, F24.3 design calculations, A54.13-19
humidifiers, S9.1; S20.5 membrane roof systems, F24.9 static analysis, A54.2, 5
kitchen ventilation, A31.19 moisture control, A43.6; F24.9 duct construction, S16.6
load calculations, F28.1 radiant barriers, A43.6 dynamic analysis, A54.2
oil burners, S26.4 R-values, F25.14 installation problems, A54.19
ventilation, F26.16 wall interface, A43.7 snubbers, A54.12
water heating, A49.9 Room criterion (RC) curves, A47.27; F7.12 terminology, A54.2
Resistance, thermal, F3.23. (See also R-values) Mark II, A47.28 weld capacities, A54.12
radiant panels, S6.6 Root mean square (RMS), F14.1 Sensible heat ratio, S46.2
Resistance temperature devices (RTDs), Rotary vane compressors, S34.11 Sensors
F14.5; F15.8; R45.4 Rotative speed, F14.24 automatic controls, F15.8, 9
Respiration of fruits and vegetables, Roughness factors, ducts, F34.7 location, A46.19
R8.17 RTDs, F14.5; F15.8; R45.4 Separators, lubricant, R45.23
Restaurants RTS. See Radiant time series (RTS) Service water heating, A49
air balancing, A31.11 RTU. See Refrigerant transfer units codes, A49.21
air conditioning, A3.4, 5 (RTU) cogeneration, S7.32
commercial/public buildings, A3.4 R-values commercial/institutional, A49.10
energy conservation, A31.14 calculation corrosion, A49.7
kitchen ventilation, A31.1 modified zone method, F25.13 design considerations, A49.7
service water heating, A49.11, 12, 15 overall thermal resistances, F25.2 distribution system
Restrictor orifice capillary tubes, S21.2 zone method, F25.12 for commercial kitchens, A49.5
Retail facilities, A2 ceilings, F25.14 manifolding, A49.6
air conditioning, A2.1 masonry construction, F25.3 piping, A49.4
convenience centers, A2.6 roofs, F25.14 pressure differential, A49.4
department stores, A2.5 steel frame construction, F25.10 return pump sizing, A49.4
design considerations, A2.1 wood frame construction, F25.2 two-temperature service, A49.5
discount/big-box stores, A2.2 Safety geothermal energy, A32.11
load determination, A2.1 air cleaners, A45.10; S24.12 indirect, A49.2, 21
malls, A2.6 automatic controls, A46.16 industrial, A49.19
multiple-use complexes, A2.7 burners, S26.13 Legionella pneumophila, A49.8
refrigeration, R47.1 chemical plants, R36.2 pipe sizing, F35.7
shopping centers, A2.6 cryogenic equipment, R38.24 requirements, A49.9
small stores, A2.1 electrical, A55.1; F9.13 residential, A49.9
supermarkets, A2.2 filters, air, S24.12 safety, A49.7
refrigerators, R47.1 fire. See Fire safety scale, A49.7
service water heating, A49.12 industrial exhaust gas cleaning, S25.30 sizing water heaters
Retrofit performance monitoring, A40.3 nuclear facilities, A26.1 instantaneous/semi-instantaneous,
Retrofitting refrigerant systems, contaminant refrigerants, F19.6 A49.19
control, R6.13 service water heating, A49.7 refrigerant-based, A49.21
Reynolds number, F2.3; F3.2 solar energy systems, A33.24 storage heaters, A49.9, 12
Rice, drying, A23.9; F11.13 water systems, S14.9 solar energy, A33.13, 18, 26; A49.3
RMS, F14.11 wood stoves, S29.6 standards, A49.21
Road tunnels, A13.1 Safety showers, Legionella pneumophila control, steam, S10.1
carbon monoxide A48.7 system planning, A49.1
allowable concentrations, A13.5 Sanitation terminology, A49.6
analyzers and recorders, A13.7, 8 food production facilities thermal storage, A34.8
computer analysis, A13.5 egg processing, R20.12 water heating equipment
vehicle emissions, A13.5 poultry processing, R17.11 placement, A49.8
ventilation food production facilities, R11 sizing, A49.9, 19, 21
air quantities, A13.5 control of microorganisms, R11.4 types, A49.1
computer analysis, A13.5 HACCP, R11.4 water quality, A49.7
SES, A13.5 smoke dampers, A52.8 insulation, S33.7
Shade line factor (SLF), F28.2 smoke movement manifolds, S33.6, 9
Shading buoyancy, A52.3 design/installation, A33.25
coefficient, F30.38 expansion, A52.3 efficiency, A33.10
fenestration, F30.3 HVAC systems, A52.4 flat plate, A33.5
Shading devices, indoor, F30.54 stack effect, A52.2 glazing materials, A33.7
Sheep, F10.9 wind, A52.3 plates, A33.8
Ship docks, A3.10 stairwells module design
Ships analysis, A52.9 piping, S33.8
air conditioning compartmentation, A52.9 thermal expansion, S33.10
air distribution, A11.3, 4 open doors, A52.11 velocity limits, S33.9
controls, A11.3, 4 pressurization, A52.11 mounting, A33.23
design criteria, A11.1, 3 pressurized, A52.9 performance, A33.9; S33.4
equipment selection, A11.2, 4 zones, A52.12 operational results, S33.5
systems, A11.2, 4 Smudging air outlets, S17.2 steady conditions, S33.4
cargo holds, R30.2 Snow-melting systems, A50 selection, S33.7
cargo refrigeration, R30.1 back and edge heat losses, A50.6, 8 testing, S33.5
coils, A11.4 control, A50.10 types, S33.3
ducts, A11.3 electric system design constant, A33.1
fish freezing, R30.8 control, A50.10 control, A33.24, 26
fish refrigeration constant-wattage systems, A50.15 automatic temperature, S33.18
icing, R18.1; R30.7 electrical equipment, A50.13 differential temperature controller,
refrigerated seawater, R18.2; R30.8 gutters and downspouts, A50.17 S33.18
merchant, A11.1 heat flux, A50.13 hot-water dump, S33.19
naval surface, A11.3 idling, A50.18 over-temperature protection, S33.18
refrigerated stores, R30.4 heating elements, A50.13 cooling systems, A33.16, 17, 18, 26
refrigeration systems, R30.1 infrared systems, A50.16 absorption refrigeration, A33.18;
regulatory agencies, A11.3 installation, A50.16 S33.3, 8
Single-duct systems, all-air, S2.9 mineral insulated cable, A50.13 sizing, A33.19
Skating rinks, R33.1 free area ratio, A50.1 types, A33.16
Skylights, and solar heat gain, F30.40 freeze protection systems, A50.10, 17 design, installation, operation checklist,
Slab heating, A50; S6 heat balance, A50.1 A33.25
Slab-on-grade foundations, A43.2 heating requirement design values, solar irradiation, A33.4
moisture control, A43.3 annual operating data, A50.8 domestic hot water, A33.13, 25
SLF (shade line factor), F28.2 heat flux equations, A50.2 equipment, S33.1
SLR, A33.21 hydronic and electric, A50.1 freeze protection, A33.24; S33.2, 19
Smoke management, A52 load frequencies, A50.6 heat exchangers, A33.12; S33.16
acceptance testing, A52.17 surface size, A50.6 external, S33.17
atriums, A52.13 transient heat flux, A50.8 freeze protection, S33.19
computer analysis, A52.12, 13 weather data, A50.6 internal, S33.16
design wind speed, A50.6 performance, S33.17
door-opening forces, A52.6 hydronic system design requirements, S33.16
flow areas components, A50.10 heating systems, A33.16, 18, 26; A34.8
airflow paths, A52.6 control, A50.10, 13 active, A33.16, 17
effective, A52.6 fluid heater, A50.12 air, S33.1, 11, 12
symmetry, A52.8 heat transfer fluid, A50.10 components, A33.11
open doors, A52.8 piping, A50.11 control, A33.13
pressure differences, A52.8 pump selection, A50.13 design, S33.1
weather data, A52.8 thermal stress, A50.13 direct circulation, S33.2
duct design, F34.14 operating costs, A50.10 draindown, A33.14
elevators, A52.11 slab design, hydronic and electric, A50.8 hybrid, A33.16
hospitals, A7.5 snow detectors, A50.10 indirect
large open spaces Snubbers, seismic, A54.12 circulation, S33.2
plugholing, A52.16 Sodium chloride brines, F21.1 drainback, A33.15; S33.2
plume, A52.14 Soils. (See also Earth) nonfreezing fluid, S33.2
prestratification layer, A52.16 stabilization, R35.3, 4 water heating, A33.14
smoke filling, A52.14, 15 temperature calculation, S11.9 integral collector storage, A33.15; S33.3
steady clear height/upper layer exhaust, thermal conductivity, F25.14; S11.9 liquid, S33.10, 12
A52.15 Solar angle, determining, F30.15 freezing protection, S33.1
steady fire, A52.13, 14 Solar energy, A33; S33.20 passive, A33.16
unsteady fire, A52.13, 15 active systems, A33.16, 17, 19 pool heating, A33.15
zone fire models, A52.13 airflow, A33.25 recirculation, A33.16
methods collectors, A33.5, 6, 11, 14, 25; S33.3 residential, A1.3
airflow, A52.5 array design sizing, A33.19
buoyancy, A52.6 piping, S33.10 thermosiphon, A33.14
compartmentation, A52.4, 9 shading factor, S33.11 heat pump systems, S8.4
dilution near fire, A52.5 concentrating, A33.8 hybrid systems, A33.16
pressurization, A52.5, 9, 11 construction hydraulics, A33.25
remote dilution, A52.4 absorber plates, S33.5 installation, A33.23
rapid-transit systems, A13.19 glazing, S33.7 irradiation, A33.4
road tunnels, A13.5 housing, S33.7 maintenance, A33.24
overheat protection, A33.24 Sound control, A47; F7 Standards, A56. (See also Codes)
passive systems, A33.16, 21 acoustical design of HVAC systems, A47.1 air cleaners, S24.3, 5
photovoltaic (PV) systems, A33.26; S33.20 air handlers, S2.9 air conditioners, S45
quality and quantity, A33.1 A-weighted sound levels, A47.27; F7.11 packaged terminal, S46.7
radiation at earth’s surface, A33.3, 4 barriers, A47.34; F7.7 room, S46.4
safety, A33.24 ceiling sound transmission, A47.33 unitary, S45.5, 6
service water heating systems, A33.13, 25; chillers, A47.10 boilers, S27.6
A34.8; A49.3 engine-driven, S47.4 chimneys/fireplaces/gas vents,
combined with space heating, A33.18 clean spaces, A16.15 S30.21, 27
sizing heating and cooling systems, A33.19 cogeneration, S7.39 cogeneration, S7.47
spectrum, A33.3 combustion turbines, S7.12 condensers, S35
start-up procedure, A33.24 cooling towers, S36.10 evaporative, S35.19
thermal storage systems, A33.11, 25 data reliability, A47.1 water-cooled, S35.7
short circuiting, S33.15 design, A47.2, 35; F7.11 coolers, liquid, S37.4
sizing, S33.15 ducts, A47.7; S16.4 dehumidifiers, room, S46.8
time, A33.1, 3 fiberglass liners, A47.20 duct construction, S16.1
types, S33.15 sound attenuation, A47.13; F78 commercial, S16.2
Solar heat gain branch division, A47.19 industrial, S16.4
calculation, F30.41 end reflection loss, A47.19 residential, S16.2
coefficient, F30.36 insulated flexible, A47.15 electrical, A55.10
roof overhangs, F30.45 plenums, A47.13 engines, S7.47
skylights, F30.40 sheet metal, A47.14 filters, air, S24.3, 5
Solar-load ratio (SLR), A33.21 silencers, A47.16 furnaces, S28.11
Solar-optical glazing, F30.18 sound generated in, A47.7 heaters, S29.6, 7
Solar radiation sound transmission, A47.20 heat pumps, S45
daylighting, F30.1 enclosures, F7.8 packaged terminal, S46.7
flux, F30.13 engines, S7.7 unitary, S45.5, 6
optical properties, F30.17 engine test facilities, A15.4 water-source, S45.11
Solar-thermal separation, F30.43 equipment sound levels, A47.3 indoor air quality (IAQ), F9.10
Solid fuel fans, A47.4, 5 liquid chillers, R43.5; S38.5
burners, S26.9 fume hood duct design, A47.33 makeup air units, S31.9
coal, coke, wood, and waste products, hotels and motels, A5.8 motors, S40.1, 10, 13
F18.6 indoor sound rating, A47.26 nuclear facilities, A26.10
Solvent drying, constant-moisture, A28.7 insertion loss, A47.14 pipe fittings, S41.2
Sorbents, F22.1 insulation, F23.3 piping, S11.18; S41.6
Sound, F7. (See also Noise) mechanical equipment rooms, A47.31 service water heating, A49.21
air outlets, S17.2 noise criterion (NC) curves, A47.26; F7.11 sound control, A47.49
bandwidths, F7.3 outdoor turbines, S7.47
chillers, A47.10 criteria, A47.30 vibration control, A47.49
compressors, A47.10 equipment, A47.34 Stanton number, F3.2
computerized analysis, A39.7 places of assembly, A4.1 Static electricity and humidity, S20.2
cooling towers, S36.10 piping, A47.41; 45 Steam
ducts, A47.7 return air system sound transmission, A47.32 condensation, F4.10
loudness, F7.10 rooftop air handlers, A47.6 psychrometric properties, F6.16
measurement, F14.25 room criterion (RC) curves, A47.27, 28; quality, S10.2
basics, F7.4 F7.12 sources, S10.2
instrumentation, A37.18; F7.3 room sound correction, A47.24 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.15
level meter, F7.3 standards, A47.49 thermophysical properties, F20.32
power, F7.5 terminology, F7.7 Steam systems, S10
pressure, F7.1 transmission loss, A47.21 air, effects of, S10.2
rating methods, A47.26 troubleshooting, A37.20; A47.47 boilers, S10.3; S27.1
speed, F7.1 variable air volume (VAV) systems, classification, S10.2
terminology A47.5 cogeneration distribution, S7.29
bandwidths, F7.6 Soybeans, drying, A23.7; F11.13 coils, air-heating, S23.2
controlling, F7.7 Specific heat combined steam and water, S10.16
decibel, F7.1 foods, R8.7 condensate removal, S10.6
frequency, F7.2 liquids, F38.2 drainage and return, S11.7
frequency spectrum, F7.11 Spot cooling drip stations, S11.7
intensity, F7.2 evaporative, A51.6 return pipes, S11.18
level, F7.1 industrial environments, A29.2, 5; convection heating, S10.12
loudness, F7.10 A51.7 design, S10.2; S32.4
pressure, F7.1 makeup air units, S31.10 piping, S10.5
quality, F7.10 mines, A27.10 pressure, S10.4
wavelength, F7.2 Spot heating, A53.4 distribution, S10.13
testing, A37.18 Stack effect district heating and cooling, S11.18
time-averaging, F7.3 duct design, F34.2 district heating and cooling, S11.3, 18, 29
transmission, A37.19; A47.20 smoke movement, A52.2 flash steam, S10.14
humidity affecting, S20.2 Stadiums, A4.4 percentage, S10.2
paths, F7.6 Stainless steel boilers, S27.3 flash tank, S10.14
typical sources, F7.7 Stairwells, smoke control, A52.9 gas, effects of, S10.2
unit heaters, S31.6 Standard atmosphere, U.S., F6.1 generator buildings, A25.4
heat exchangers, S10.3 nuts, R28.7 Swimming pools. (See also Natatoriums)
heating, A48.11 photographic materials, A20.3, 4 solar heating, A33.15
heat recovery unprocessed, A20.1 water chemistry, A4.7
direct recovery, S10.15 potatoes, A51.9 water heating for, A49.18
flash steam, S10.14 poultry products, R17.12 Swine
waste heat boilers, S10.3 refrigerated facility design, R13.1 growth, F10.10
makeup air units, S31.9 seeds, A23.12; R10.13 heat and moisture production, F10.11
one-pipe, S10.12; 1993 Fundamentals, tanks, secondary coolant systems, R4.3 recommended environment, A22.7
Chapter 33, pp. 16-17 (See explanantion on vegetables, R23.5 reproduction, F10.11
first page of index.) dried, R28.8 Symbols, F36
piping wine, R25.10 Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs), F9.5
distribution, S10.5 wood products, A24.2 Tachometers, F14.24
Hartford loop, S10.3 Stoves, heating, S29.5 Tanks, secondary coolant systems, R4.3
inlet orifices, S10.13 Stratification Television studios, A3.9
return, S10.3, 6 of air Temperature
sizing, F35.10 in places of assembly, A4.2 adjusted dry-bulb, A53.1
supply, S10.3, 5, 13 in plenums, A37.2 ambient, A53.1
terminal equipment, S10.6 of water, in thermal storage tanks, A34.10 animal environments, F10.3
temperature control, S10.13 Stream function-vorticity formulation, F33.1 average uncooled surface, S6.2
terminal equipment Stroboscopes, F14.24 changeover, S3.7, 8
forced-convection, S10.11 Subcoolers, R44 dew-point, F6.8, 9
natural convection, S10.11 condensers, S35 effective, A51.5; F8.19
natural convection units, S32.1 evaporative, S35.17 humid operative, F8.19
piping design, S10.6 water-cooled, S35.5 lift, R39.3; R43.10; S38.9
radiant panel, S10.11 two-stage, R2.30 mean radiant, A53.1; F8.10; F14.28; S6.1
traps, S10.7 Subway environment simulation (SES) measurement, F14.3
turbines, S7.12 program, A13.5 odors affected by, F13.2
two-pipe systems, S10.12 Subway systems. (See also Mass-transit operative, A53.1
valves systems) outdoor air, F29.16
pressure-reducing, S10.9 car air conditioning, A9.12 plane radiant, F8.12; F14.28
safety, S10.10 station air conditioning, A13.19 plant environments, F10.15
temperature control, S10.13 ventilation, A13.17 radiant asymmetry, A29.3; F8.12
unit Suction risers, R3.25 sensors, F15.8
heaters, S31.4 Sulfur content, fuel oils, F18.6 sol-air, F29.15
ventilators, S31.1 Superconductivity, diamagnetism, R38.3 vertical differences, F8.14
water, effects of, S10.2 Supervisory control, A41 wet-bulb, F6.8, 9
Steam traps, S10.7 air handling systems globe, F8.20
Stefan-Boltzmann equation, F3.7 air distribution, A41.2 wet-globe, F8.21
Stevens’ law, F13.3 sequencing, A41.26 wind chill index, F8.21
Stirling cycle, R38.10 set point reset, A41.27 Temperature-controlled transport, R29.1
Stokers, S26.9 boilers, optimizing, A41.3 Temperature index, S20.2
types, S26.10 building temperature set point Terminal units, A46.9; S2.9, 13; S17.6
Storage night setback recovery, A41.27 air distribution, S2.9, 13
apples, A51.9; R21.1, 3 precooling, A41.28 boxes
controlled atmosphere, R21.1, 3 chilled water pumps, A41.6, 16, 18 ceiling induction, S17.7
bakery ingredients, R27.1 chillers dual-duct, S17.7
candy, R28.5 load distribution, A41.21 dump, S17.7
carbon dioxide, R25.12 sequencing, A41.6, 21, 23 reheat, A46.8; S2.13; S17.6
citrus, A51.9; R22.3 computerized, A39.14 terminal, S17.6
cold, facility design, R13.1 cooling systems without storage, A41.5 variable air volume (VAV), A47.6; S2.13
compressed gases, A14.8 cooling tower fans, A41.8, 12 constant-volume, S2.13
controlled-atmosphere (CA), R13.3 cool thermal storage systems, A41.29 fan-coil, S3.2
cryogenic fluids, R38.22 ice storage control optimization, A41.37 fan-powered, A46.9; S2.14; S17.7
desiccant dehumidification, S22.8 forecasting energy requirements, A41.31 humidifiers, S2.14
design, refrigerated facility, R13.1 optimization methods induction, A46.9; S2.14; S3.2
eggs, R20.7 dynamic, A41.36 in steam systems, S10.11
farm crops, A23.10; F11.1 static, A41.33 throttling, S2.13
fish system-based, A41.34 variable air volume (VAV), A47.6; S2.13
fresh, R18.4 performance measures, A41.2 Testing
frozen, R18.7 Supply air outlets, S17.1 (See also Air outlets) air cleaners, A45.12; S24.3
flowers, cut, R10.12 Surface transportation air conditioners, packaged terminal, S46.7
food, canned or dried, R10.11 automobiles, A9.1 air leakage, fan pressurization, F26.12
fruit buses, A9.9 clean spaces, A16.4
dried, R28.8 environmental control, A9.1 compressors
fresh, R21.1 fixed-guideway vehicles, A9.13 centrifugal, S34.31
furs and fabrics, R10.11 rail cars, A9.11 positive-displacement, S34.3
high-pressure, S22.10 Surface water heat pump (SWHP) condensers, S35
ice, R33.4 heat exchanger, S45.11 evaporative, S35.19
meat products, frozen, R16.16 subset of GSHPs, A32.13 water-cooled, S35.7
milk, R19.4 SVFs. See Synthetic vitreous fibers (SVFs) control, R37.4
nursery stock, R10.12 SWHP. See Surface water heat pump (SWHP) coolants, secondary, R37.2
cooling systems, R37.1 energy conservation, A19.6 water systems, medium/high temperature,
cooling towers, A37.15; S36.14 fabric making, A19.3 S14.9
desiccant dehumidification for, S22.9, 10 fiber making, A19.1 water treatment, A34.20
design calculations, R37.5 yarn making, A19.1 Thermistors, R45.4
duct efficiency, S9.12 TFM, F29.1 Thermocouples, R45.4
environmental test facilities, R37.1 Theaters, A4.3 Thermodynamics, F1.1
fans, S18.4 Thermal absorption refrigeration cycles, F1.14
filters, air, S24.3 bridges, building envelopes, A43.8 bubble point, F1.5
heaters, S29.7 mass, of buildings, A43.11. (See also compressed liquid, F1.2
heating systems, R37.2 Building thermal mass) compression refrigeration cycles, F1.6
heat pumps Thermal and moisture control, F23.1 cooling and freezing, R9.1
packaged terminal air conditioner Thermal and water vapor transmission, F25.1 cycle, F1.2
(PTAC), S46.7 Thermal comfort. See Comfort dew point, F1.6
water-source, S45.11 Thermal properties, F23.3 dry saturated vapor, F1.2
industrial exhaust systems, A30.7 of food, R8 enthalpy, F1.4
radiant heating system, A53.7 Thermal storage, A34 entropy, F1.4
refrigerants, R37.1 applications, A34.3 equations of state, F1.3
refrigeration systems benefits, A34.2 laws, F1.2
leak detection, R46.4 building mass, A34.17 liquid, F1.2
performance testing, R46.5 cogeneration, S7.34 multicomponent systems, F1.5
refrigerators, household, R49.9 commissioning, A34.20 principles, F1.1
smoke control systems, A52.17 controls, A34.4, 20 process, F1.2
solar collectors, S33.5 sequence, A34.4 properties, F1.2
sound strategies, A41.29 calculation, F1.4
instrumentation, A37.18 cool storage, A34.1, 5, 7; A41.2 of moist air, F6.1
procedure, A37.19 district heating and cooling, A34.9; S11.3 zeotropic mixture, F1.10
transmission problems, A37.19, 24 economics, A34.2 pure substance, F1.2
vibration electrically charged storage, A34.15 refrigeration cycle analysis, F1.3
equipment, A37.22 brick storage heaters, A34.8, 15 saturated
instrumentation, A37.21 central furnace, A34.16 liquid, F1.2
isolators, A37.21; A47.48 heat pump boosters, A34.16 vapor, F1.2
piping transmission, A37.24 room units, A34.8, 15 state, F1.2
procedure, A37.21 underfloor heat, A34.17 subcooled liquid, F1.2
Testing, adjusting, and balancing. (See also water heaters, A34.9, 16 superheated vapor, F1.2
Balancing) heat storage, A34.1, 8, 15 systems, F1.1
air diffusers, A37.2 ice, R33.4 terminology, F1.1
air distribution systems, A37.3 ice storage, A34.1, 11 vapor, F1.2
reporting results, A37.5 charging/discharging, A41.29 Thermometers, F14.5
airflow measurement, A37.2 control optimization, A41.37 black globe, A53.7
balancing procedure, A37.5 encapsulated ice, A34.13, 19 error sources, F14.5
central plant chilled-water systems, A37.14 harvesting system, A34.13, 19, 20 infrared
cooling towers, A37.15 ice on coil, A34.11, 12, 18 radiometers, A53.8; F14.9
design considerations, A37.1 piping, A34.14 thermography, F14.9
dual-duct systems, A37.3 slurries, A34.14 liquid-in-glass, F14.5
duct design, F34.18 tank insulation, A34.15 resistance
energy audit field survey, A37.17 industrial refrigeration, A34.7 semiconductors, F14.7
fluid flow measurement, A37.11 installation, A34.18 temperature devices (RTDs), F14.5
HVAC systems, A37.1 insulation, A34.11, 15, 19 thermistors, F14.7
hydronic systems, A37.6 latent energy change, A34.11 thermocouples, F14.7
heat transfer vs. flow, A37.6, 7 maintenance, A34.18, 20 Thermophysical properties of refrigerants,
water-side balancing media, A34.1, 9 F20.1
instrumentation, A37.8 off-peak Thermopile, F14.8; F15.4; R35.4; S26.12
proportional method, A37.10 air conditioning, A34.5 Thermosiphons
rated differential method, A37.10 heating, A34.8 heat exchangers, S44.18
sizing balancing valves, A37.8 operation, A34.4, 5, 18 solar energy systems, A33.14
temperature difference method, A37.9 phase-change materials, A34.14, 19 Thermostats
total heat transfer method, A37.11 piping, A34.19, 20 heater control, S29.2, 4
induction systems, A37.5 ice storage, A34.14 heating-cooling, F15.11
instruments, A37.3, 13 process cooling, A34.7 location, A46.19
sound transmission problems, A37.19, 24 refrigeration system, A34.5, 7, 19 types, F15.10
steam distribution systems, A37.15 retrofits, A34.7 Three-pipe systems, air and water, S3.10
temperature controls, A37.16 solar energy systems, A33.11, 14, 25; A34.8; Tobacco, drying, F11.14
terminology, A37.1 S33.3, 12 Tobacco smoke
variable-air-volume (VAV) systems, A37.5 terminology, A34.1 contaminants, A45.1; F12.2, 15
TETD/TA, F29.1 water storage, A34.9, 18 environmental (ETS), F9.6
Textile processing plants, A19 aquifers, A34.9 Tollbooths
air conditioning design performance, A34.10 air quality criteria, A13.8
air cleaning, A19.5, 6 tank insulation, A34.11; S33.14 ventilation, A13.9, 24
air distribution, A19.5 temperature range, A34.9 Total equivalent temperature differential
collector systems, A19.5 thermal stratification, A34.10 method with time averaging (TETD/TA),
health considerations, A19.6 water heaters, A34.9, 16 nonresidential, F29.1
Trailers and trucks, refrigerated, R29. (See Turkeys. (See also Animal environments; check, R45.21; S42.12
also Cargo containers) Poultry) compressors, reciprocating, S34.7
Transducers, pneumatic pressure, F15.9; R45.4 growth, F10.13 condensing-pressure-regulating, R45.14
Transfer function method (TFM), F29.1 heat and moisture production, F10.14 constant-pressure expansion, R45.13
Transmitters, pneumatic pressure, F15.9 reproduction, F10.14 control valves, F2.10
Transpiration, R8.19 Turndown ratio, design capacity, S12.3 discharge bypass, R45.15
Transportation centers Two-pipe systems, S3.7; S12.2 expansion
commercial/public buildings, A3.9 air-to-transmission ratio, S3.8 constant-pressure, R45.10, 13
ventilation, A13.14, 17 central ventilation, S3.7 electric, R45.10
Transport properties of refrigerants, F20.1 changeover temperature, S3.8 thermostatic, R45.4; S21.2
Traps chilled water, S12.12 float control, R45.16
ammonia refrigeration systems electric heat, S3.10 flow coefficient, S42.2, 8
liquid, R3.17 fan-coil systems, S3.4 geothermal system, A32.9
liquid level indicators, R3.5 nonchangeover design, S3.9 halocarbon refrigeration systems
purge units, R3.5 steam convection heating, S10.12 equivalent lengths, R2.16
suction accumulator, R3.4 zoning, S3.10 float control, R2.27
vertical suction, R3.4 U-factor hydronic system
steam systems, S10.7 center-of-glass, F30.4 control, S12.10
thermostatic, S10.7 doors, F25.14; F30.11 safety relief, S12.14
Trichloroethylene, F21.13 edge-of-glass, F30.4 manual, S42.4
Triple point, F20 fenestration products, F30.7 balancing, S42.9
Trouton’s rule, F19.6 frame, F30.4 selection, S42.3
Trucks, refrigerated, R29. (See also Cargo thermal transmittance, F30.4 materials, S42.1
containers) Uo, F25.14 multiple-purpose, S42.10
Tuning automatic control systems, F15.16 windows, F25.14 noise, S42.2
Turbines, S7 ULPA. See Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) pressure drop, F35.1, 5
codes, S7.47 filters pressure-reducing makeup water, S42.12
combustion, S7.8, 42 Ultralow-penetration air (ULPA) filters, S24.7; pressure relief, S42.11
Brayton cycle, S7.8 S25.2 safety, R45.21
components, S7.8 Uncertainty analysis ratings, S42.1
controls, S7.11 measurement, A40.11 refrigerant control, R45.4
emissions, S7.12 precision uncertainty, F14.3 regulating and throttling, R45.10
evaporative cooling applications, S7.10 sources, F14.2 safety, S42.11
exhaust gas systems, S7.10 systematic uncertainty, F14.3 solar energy system, A33.12
fuels, S7.9 statistical regression, A40.13 solenoid, R45.17; S42.5
heat recovery, S7.24 Unit ventilators, S31.1 stop-check, S42.13
inlet air cooling (CTIAC), S7.10 Unit heaters. See Heaters suction pressure regulating, R45.14
instruments, S7.11 Unitary systems, S5.4; S45 steam system, S10.9, 14
lubrication, S7.9 floor-by-floor systems, S5.7 thermostatic, S10.14; S42.11
maintenance, S7.12 heat pumps, S5.2; S45.1, 8, 10 vacuum breakers, S42.13
noise control, S7.12 outdoor equipment, S5.8 water hammer, S42.2
performance, S7.11 room-by-room systems, S5.4 zone control, S10.14
single-shaft, S7.8 self-contained, S5.7 Vapor pressure, F38.2
split-shaft, S7.8 split systems, S5.6; S45.1, 6 Variable air volume (VAV) systems, A37.4
starting systems, S7.9 through-the-wall, S5.2 all-air
thermal output, S7.20 window-mounted, S5.2 dual-duct, S2.11
engine test facilities, gas, A15.3 Utility interfacing, electric, S7.27 single-duct, S2.10
expansion, S7.35; S38.1 Vacuum cooling, of fruits and vegetables, R14.7 control, A41.2, 27
gas, S7.8 Valves, S42. (See also Regulators) vs. constant air volume (CAV),
evaporative cooling, A51.7 actuators, S42.4 A14.12
standards, S7.47 ammonia refrigeration systems diversity, A37.4
steam control, R3.9 dual-duct systems, S2.1
applications, S7.42 float control, R3.20 duct static pressure control, A46.2
axial flow, S7.12 relief, R3.10 fan
controls, S7.13 solenoid, R3.10 selection, A47.5
economics, S7.18 stop, R3.10 sequencing, A46.3
heat recovery authority, S42.8 humidity control, S20.9
extraction turbines, S7.25 automatic, S42.4 museums, libraries, and archives,
noncondensing turbines, S7.24 actuators, S42.4 A21.12
instruments, S7.13 applications, S42.9 outlets, S17.2
lubrication, S7.13 control, F15.4 and pressure dependence, A37.4
maintenance, S7.18 computerized, S42.6 return fan static control, A46.3
performance characteristics, S7.15 expansion, S21.2 single-duct, S2.1
protective devices, S7.15 flow characteristics, S42.7 sound control, A47.5
radial inflow, S7.13 sizing, S42.8 static pressure control, A37.4
thermal output, S7.20 types, S42.6 static pressure reset, A41.27
Turbochargers backflow-prevention devices, S42.13 terminal boxes, A46.9; A47.6
heat recovery, S7.22 balancing, S42.9 testing, adjusting, balancing, A37.4
supercharger engines, S7.6 sizing, A37.8 types, A37.5
Turbulence modeling, F33.4 body styles, S42.3 unstable fan operation, A46.3
Turbulent flow, fluids, F2.3 cavitation, S42.2 variable-speed drives, S40.8
Variable-speed drives, S40.8 mines, A27 piping
carrier frequencies natatoriums, A4.6 connectors
effect on drive ratings, S40.11 natural expansion joint/arched, A47.45
effect on motor noise, S40.10 airflow, F26.1, 10 flexible, A47.41
conductor impedance, S40.8 guidelines, F26.11 hose, A47.45
control, S40.8 stack effect, F26.11 noise, A47.41
harmonic disturbances, S40.11 wind, F26.10 resilient hangers/supports, A47.41
load-side, S40.12 nuclear facilities, A26.4 places of assembly, A4.1
motors, S40.10 odor dilution, F13.5 resonance, A47.48
impedance, S40.8 outside air fraction, F26.8 seismic restraint, A47.46; A54.1
pulse width modulation, S40.8 parking garages, A13.9 standards, A47.49
transistors, S40.8 power plants, A25.3 troubleshooting, A37.23; A47.47
voltage waveform distortion, S40.11 rail cars, R29.5 Virgin rock temperature (VRT), and heat
VAV. See Variable air volume (VAV) railroad tunnels, A13.21 release rate, A27.3
systems rapid-transit systems, A13.17 Viscosity, F2.1
Vegetables, R23 residential, F26.16 fuel oils, F18.5
air transport, R31.1 road tunnels, A13.1 lubricants, R7.5
cooling, R14.1 roof ventilators, A29.3 models, F33.4
deterioration rate, R10.1 ships, A11.1 moist air, F6.20
display refrigerators, R47.7 terminology, F26.1 VOC. See Volatile organic compounds
dried, storage, R28.8 thermal loads, F26.9 (VOC)
frozen, R26.3 tollbooths, A13.8 Volatile organic compounds (VOC), F9.9
misters and Legionella pneumophila control, trailers and trucks, R29.5 contaminants, A45.1
A48.7 unidirectional, F32.11 Voltage, A55.1
refrigeration, R23.1 warm humid climates, F24.8 Volume ratio, compressors
storage, R23.5 wind effect on, F16.7 rotary vane, S34.11
thermal properties, R8.1 Ventilators single-screw, S34.14
transport, R23.2 roof, A29.3 twin-screw, S34.18
Vehicles unit VRT. See Virgin rock temperature
ac- or dc-powered, transit, A9.12 capacity, S31.1 (VRT)
design, R29.1 control, A46.11; S31.3 Walls, A43.3
equipment attachment provisions, location, S31.3 airflow retarders, A43.5
R29.3 selection, S31.3 glass block, F30.40
sanitation, R29.3 types, S31.1 insulation, exterior, A43.4
temperature-controlled, R29.1 Venting masonry construction, A43.4; F24.2
use, R29.10 furnaces, S28.2 moisture control, A43.4
Velocity, measurement, F14.14 gas appliances, S30.19 panelized, A43.4
Vena contracta, F2.4 oil-fired appliances, S30.20 residential, A43.3
Ventilation, F26 Vessels, ammonia refrigeration systems, roof interface
age of air, F26.4 R3.3 air leakage, A43.7
air change effectiveness, F26.4 Vibration, F7.14 moisture control, A43.8
aircraft, A10.1, 4 compressors steel frame construction, F24.2
air exchange rate, F26.3, 10 centrifugal, S34.33 window interface, A43.7
airflow, F26.2 positive-displacement, S34.3 wood frame construction, A43.3; F24.1
animal environments, A22.5 scroll, S34.24 Warehouses, A3.11
bus garages, A13.12 single-screw, S34.17 Water
bus terminals, A13.14 health effects, F9.13 boiler thermal models, F31.14
cargo containers, R29.5 measurement, F14.27 coils, S21.1
climatic infiltration zones, F26.17 accelerometer, F7.17 air-heating, S23.2
dilution, A29.2; A45.10 instrumentation, A37.21 coolers, R25.11
displacement, F32.11; S2.12 testing, A37.20 distribution, S4.3; S12.5; S14.7
driving mechanisms, F26.10 Vibration control, A47; F7 central plants, S11.4
effectiveness, F26.4 air handlers, S2.9 district heating and cooling, S11.18
engine rooms, S47.6 chillers, A47.12 fan-coil systems, S3.4
engine test facilities, A15.1 engine-driven, S47.4 filtration, A48.7
forced, F26.1 clean spaces, A16.15 hammer, F35.4
gaseous contaminant control, A45.4 cogeneration, S7.39 pipe stress, S11.6
greenhouses, A22.13 criteria, A47.39 valves, S42.2
health care facilities, A7.1 data reliability, A47.1 heating
hospitals, A7.2 ducts, A47.46 geothermal energy systems, A32.11
nursing homes, A7.13 engines, S7.7 solar energy systems, A33.13
outpatient, A7.12 equipment vibration, A37.22 water treatment for, A48.10
indoor air quality, F26.9 analysis, A37.22 humidifier supply, S20.4
industrial environments, A29 fans, S18.8 properties, A48.1; S14.2
exhaust systems, A30 floor flexibility, A47.48 references, F6.16
in-room terminal systems, S3.5 investigation, A47.47 refrigerant, F20.1
kitchens, A31 isolators systems, pipe sizing, F35.3
laboratories, A14.8 noise, A47.38 thermal storage systems, A34.9, 18
leakage function, F26.12 resonance, A47.48 vapor. (See also Moisture)
mass-transit, A9.9, A13.17 specifications, A47.40 permeability, F23.2
mechanical, F26.1 testing, A37.21; A47.48 permeance, F23.2
retarders, F23.15; F24.8 hot-water medium/high-temperature systems, S14.9
classification, F23.17 boilers, S27.1 once-through systems, A48.9
condensation, S20.2 cogeneration distribution, S7.30 open recirculating systems, A48.9
functions and properties, F23.16 district heating and cooling, S11.30 scale control, A48.4
heating climates, F24.5 high-temperature (HTW), S12.1; S14.1 sprayed coil units, A48.9
mixed climates, F24.7 loads, S12.2 steam/condensate systems, A48.11
refrigerant piping insulation, R32.4 low-temperature (LTW), S12.1 terminology, A48.11
refrigerated facilities, R13.5, 13 design considerations, S12.8; S32.4 thermal storage, A34.20
transmission, F25.1 heating systems, S12.10 Water wells, A32.4
warm humid climates, F24.8 loads, S12.2 Weather data
Water heaters nonresidential, S12.10 climatic normals, F27.4
blending injection, A49.3 terminal equipment, S32.1 degree-days, F27.4
boilers (indirect), A49.21 medium/high-temperature, S12.1; S14 design conditions, F27.1
circulating tank, A49.3 air-heating coils, S14.8 annual extreme temperatures, F27.3
combination, A49.3 boilers, S14.2 calculation, F27.2
electric, A49.2 cascade systems, S14.6 cooling, F27.3
gas-fired, A49.1, 2 circulating pumps, S14.6 dehumidification, F27.3
heat pump, S45.4 control, S14.8 heating, F27.3
indirect, A49.2, 21 design, S14.2 mean daily range, F27.3
instantaneous, A49.2, 3, 19 direct-contact heaters, S14.6 relationships, F27.2
oil-fired, A49.1, 2 direct-fired generators, S14.2 values of cumulative frequency, F27.2
placement, A49.8 distribution, S14.7 wind, F27.3
refrigeration heat reclaim, A49.3, 21 expansion tanks, S14.4 dew-point temperatures, seasonal percentiles,
semi-instantaneous, A49.3, 19 heat exchangers, S14.8 F27.5
sizing, A49.9, 19, 21 piping design, S14.7 extreme temperature sequences, F27.5
solar energy, A49.3 pressurization, S14.4 observational data sets, F27.5
storage, A49.1, 2, 9 safety, S14.9 other sources, F27.4
terminology, A49.6 space heating, S14.8 residential infiltration zones, F26.17
usable hot water storage, A49.8 thermal storage, S14.9 sources, F27.2
waste heat recovery, A49.3 water treatment, S14.9 tables
Water-lithium bromide absorption medium-temperature (MTW), S12.1 design conditions
components, R41.1 loads, S12.2 Canada, F27.22-25
control, R41.6 loads, S12.2 United States, F27.6-21
double-effect chillers, R41.3 makeup, S12.13 world locations, F27.26-53
maintenance, R41.7 open, S12.2; S13.1 selected monthly percentiles, U.S.,
operation, R41.6 pipe sizing, S12.15 F27.54-71
single-effect chillers, R41.2 piping, S12.8 typical year data sets, F27.4
single-effect heat transformers, R41.3 water distribution, S12.5 Welding sheet metal, S16.6
terminology, R41.1 pressure drop determination, S12.15; S39.4 Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT),
Water-source heat pump (WSHP), S45.10 pumps, S39.1 heat stress, A29.4; F8.20
Water systems, S12 pump curves, S12.5; S39.4 Wheat, F11.13
air elimination, S12.14 pumping Wheels rotary enthalpy, S44.13
antifreeze, S12.16 compound, S12.7 Whirlpools and spas
precautions, S12.17 distributed, S39.12 Legionella pneumophila control, A48.7
capacity control, S12.9 parallel, S12.6; S39.10 service water heating, A49.19
chilled water, S12.1, 11 primary-secondary, S12.7; S39.12 Wien’s displacement law, F3.8
cogeneration distribution, S7.30 series, S12.6; S39.11 Wind
district heating and cooling, S11.19, 31 variable-speed, S39.12 data sources, F16.5
closed, S12.1, 2; S14.1 standby pump, S12.7; S39.12 effect on
components, S12.2 two-speed motors, S39.12 chimneys, S30.2, 25
condenser water, A14; S13.1 safety relief valves, S12.14 smoke movement, A52.3
closed, S13.3 steam and, combined, S10.16 system operation, F16.7
overpressure precautions, S13.3 temperature classifications, S12.1 pressure, F16.3
once-through, S13.1 turndown ratio, S12.3 Wind chill index, F8.21
open cooling tower, S13.1 two-pipe, S12.12 Windows. (See also Fenestration)
air/vapor precautions, S13.2 water power, S39.6 air leakage, A43.7
freeze protection, S13.3 Water treatment, A48 environmental test facilities, R37.7
piping, S13.2 air washers, A48.9; S19.8 heat transfer, A43.6
water treatment, S13.2 biological control, A48.5 moisture control, A43.7
water economizer, S13.3 Legionella pneumophila, A48.6 solar gain, A43.6
control valve sizing, S12.10 boilers, A48.10 U-factors, F25.14
Darcy-Weisbach equation, S39.4 brine systems, A48.10 wall interface, A43.7
district heating and cooling, S11.3 closed recirculating systems, A48.10 Wind restraint design, A54.20
dual-temperature (DTW), S12.1, 12 condensers, evaporative, S35.18 minimum design wind load,
equipment layout, S12.15 condenser water, S13.2 A54.21
expansion tanks cooling towers, A48.4, 8; S36.13 Wineries
functions of, S12.3, 7 corrosion control, A48.2, 9 refrigeration, R25.9
sizing equations, S12.4 evaporative coolers, S19.8 temperature control
fill water, S12.14 filtration, A48.7 fermentation, R25.9
four-pipe, S12.13 heating systems, A48.10 storage, R25.10
freeze prevention, S12.16 ice makers, A48.7, 9 wine production, R25.8
Wood products facilities, A24.1 Wood pulp, A24.2 WSHP. See Water-source heat pump
evaporative cooling, A51.8 Wood stoves, S29.5 (WSHP)
process area, A24.1 World Wide Web (WWW), WWW. See World Wide Web (WWW)
storage, A24.2 A39.16 Xenon, recovery, R38.14

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CHAPTER I

Abbreviations, F36.1 Adsorption Air conditioners. (See also Central air

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