See

discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322050386

Light Weight Concrete using FlyAsh Aggregate

Article · March 2017

CITATIONS READS

0 70

1 author:

C.V.Siva Rama Prasad

Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology
13 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

light weight concrete View project

BACTERIAL CONCRETE View project

All content following this page was uploaded by C.V.Siva Rama Prasad on 25 December 2017.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


WWW.IJITECH.ORG
Light Weight Concrete using FlyAsh Aggregate
C. V. SIVA RAMA PRASAD
Lecturer, Dept of Civil Engineering, Bule-Hora University, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Abstract: Solid waste management is one of the most
important techniques in today’s global manufacturing
scenario. This project is done in view of utilizing the waste in
an efficient manner for constructive purpose under eco
friendly environmental conditions. This project deals with the
study and utilization of fly ash aggregate in concrete. A
detailed literature survey has been performed along with the
objective of the study. In this study, the fine and coarse
aggregates were completely replaced by fly ash aggregates in
fly ash concrete .a mix design was done for M20 grade of
concrete by IS method. Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade
was selected and fly ash aggregates were prepared by mixing
fly ash with cement and water. The properties of fly ash fine
aggregates and fly ash coarse aggregates were studied. The
aggregate crushing value and aggregate impact value of fly
ash coarse aggregates were also studied. The cement and fly
ash proportions of 15:85, 20:80 and 25:75 were tried with a
suitable water content of 20% by total weigh to get the fly ash
aggregates. The concrete cubes, cylinders and beams were
cast with the fly ash aggregates obtained from the above three
cement fly ash proportions. Then the compressive strength,
split tensile strength and flexural strength were tested and
compared with control concrete. This paper briefly presents
the compressive strength development of fly ash aggregate
concrete at different ages. The split tensile strength and
flexural strength of all the concrete mixes were also
investigated at different days of curing.
Keywords: HDPE, Low Carbon Fly Ash (LCFA), HCFA,
MSW.
I. INTRODUCTION
Aggregates are used in a variety of building and
construction applications. In the context of concrete
formulations, aggregates are fine or coarse particles
consisting of sands, crushed stones and gravels that are mixed
with the cement paste to form a concrete Mixture. Most
conventional concrete structures are produced using “normal
weight” sand and gravel aggregate. However, there are a
number of applications where the relatively high specific
gravity of the normal weight aggregate is an undesirable
characteristic. In applications where a lighter weight concrete
is required, the normal weight aggregates partially or totally
replaced with lower specific gravity or “lightweight”
aggregates. Lightweight concrete is commonly used in
applications such as concrete masonry units (i.e. concrete
blocks) or bridge decks. Lightweight aggregates can be
naturally occurring but they are relatively scarce. Most of the
lightweight aggregate material that is used for lightweight
Copyright @ 2017 IJIT. All rights reserved.
ISSN 2321-8665
Vol.05,Issue.03,
March-2017,
Pages:0460-0463
concrete is manufactured” by some means. For example,
thermal treatment or preprocessing of certain naturally
occurring minerals can produce an aggregate having a cellular
or foam-like structure, hence a lower bulk specific gravity.
Expanded clay is an example of a lightweight aggregate.
Compared to normal weight aggregate, that usually has a bulk
specific gravity greater than 2.6; a lightweight aggregate has a
specific gravity less than 2.2. For example, the expanded clay
aggregate used as the “control” aggregate in this study has a
bulk specific gravity of about 1.6. Concrete that is produced
using lightweight aggregate will have a lower specific gravity
than that produced with normal weight aggregate, but can still
have mechanical properties suitable for structural
applications.
The concept of using plastic powders or granules as a
concrete additive or aggregate is not new. Schulman used
micronized polystyrene foam particulates (or other plastic
particulates) as a lightweight concrete additive. Schroeder
reports on a study that used HDPE as a partial replacement for
fine aggregate in a lightweight concrete mix. The concrete
containing the HDPE granules had a lower compressive
strength but greater toughness. Large lightweight concrete
blocks produced with reground (waste) plastic aggregate are
even commercially available]. Likewise, the concepts of
using fly ash as a plastic additive (usually as filler) or as a
concrete additive are also not new. Fly ash is a fine ash
byproduct commonly produced by the combustion of coal
during the generation of electrical power. The fly ash is
separated from the hot flue gases before it escapes into the
atmosphere. The inorganic oxide ash is generally spherical in
form, most of which pass through a 200 mesh sieve. Fly ash is
commonly classified as either class C or F (depending on its
lime content), and based on its unburned carbon content
(ASTM C618). Fly ash is a waste product, however, a number
of secondary uses do exist. It is reported that as much as 25%
of the coal combustion by product is used in beneficial
applications. Low carbon fly ash (LCFA) is commonly used
as a partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete, or in
flow able fill applications.
High carbon fly ash, having carbon contents greater than
about 6%, is much less marketable as a secondary material
since free carbon is an undesirable contamination in concrete.
HCFA Island filled as a waste product. Fly ash is also used as
mineral filler in plastics, however, in much smaller volumes
than the construction applications described above. The
 C. V. SIVA RAMA PRASAD
results of many experimental studies conducted with fly ash  Local River sand confirming to Grading Zone-II of IS:
have shown that the addition of fly ash filler does increase the 383-1970
stiffness of a plastic formulation, but like most filler, reduces  Fly ash Fine aggregate (FAFA) obtained from cement fly
impact resistance. Fly ash offers a significant economic ash proportions 20:80 and 25:75.
advantage over competing fillers, such as calcium carbonate,  Hard Broken Granite stone (HBG) confirming to graded
but does tend to impart a grayish color to the plastic aggregate of size 20mm as per IS: 383-19790
formulation (to a degree dependent on the unburned carbon  Fly ash coarse aggregate concrete (FACA) obtained from
concentration). In another fly ash study, Messardier et al. cement fly ash proportions 20:80 and 25:75.
have melt blended “hazardous” municipal solid waste  Bore well water of VRSEC Engineering college campus
incinerator fly ash with thermoplastic resins. Their goal was for mixing and curing.
not to create a moldable plastic formulation, but rather to
safely encapsulate the hazardous MSW fly ash in order to TABLE I: Physical Properties of Fly Ash (IS 3812:1981)
minimize the potential for leaching of toxic salts. The more
conventional method of hazardous ash encapsulation uses
cement based mortars. Messardier proposes and evaluates a
double barrier encapsulation technique where the hazardous
MSW fly ash is first encapsulated by a plastic binder via melt
compounding / pelletisation at an ash concentration of 34%.

The compounded fly ash-plastic pellets are then cast into a

concrete binder for additional leaching protection. Their
encapsulation method proves to be an effective method of
minimizing the leaching of hazardous materials and the
authors suggest the use of waste plastic to improve
economics. In this work, fly ash is being melted blended with
thermoplastic binders in an effort to produce a synthetic
lightweight aggregate suitable for use as reinforcement in
lightweight concrete. The compounded fly ash / plastic
extrudate is granulated and classified to produce an aggregate A. For Fly Ash Cement Proportions 85:15
gradation suitable for lightweight concrete. In conventional Physical Properties of Conventional Aggregate (CA) and
concrete, weight of concrete is one of the parameters to Fly ash Aggregate (FA):
compare with weight of fly ash aggregate concrete. Normally TABLE II: Fine Aggregate
density of concrete is in the order of 2200 to 2600 kg/m3.
This heavy self weight makes an uneconomical structural
material compared to low self weight of fly ash aggregate
concrete. In order to produce concrete of desired density to
suit the required application, the self weight of structural and
non structural members are to be reduced. Hence economy is
achieved in the design of supporting structural elements
which lead to the development of light weight concrete.
Lightweight concrete is defined as a concrete that has been TABLE III: Coarse Aggregate
made lighter than the conventional concrete by changing
material composition or production method. Lightweight
aggregate concrete is the Concrete made by replacing the
usual material aggregate by lightweight aggregates. Though
lightweight concrete can’t always substitute normal concrete
for its strength Potential, it has its own advantages like
reduced dead load, and thus economic structures and
enhanced seismic resistance, high sound absorption and good TABLE IV: Sieve Analysis Data
fire resistance.
Objectives:
 To prepare a concrete using Fly-Ash Aggregates.
 Experimentation for testing the strength characteristics of
the concrete.
II. MATERIALS PROPERTIES
The following materials are used for preparing test specimens
 Ordinary Portland cement 53 grade confirming to IS:
8112-1989Fly ash (FA) obtained from Thermal power
plant,V T P S class-F conforming to IS: 13812-1981
International Journal of Innovative Technologies
Volume.05, Issue No.03, March-2017, Pages: 0460-0463
 Light Weight Concrete using FlyAsh Aggregate

III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

A. Compression Test
TABLE VIII: For Cement Fly Ash Proportion 15:85

B. For Fly Ash Cement Proportions 80:20

TABLE V: Fine Aggregate

TABLE VI: Coarse Aggregate

TABLE IX: Split Tension Test

TABLE VII: Sieve Analysis Data

TABLE X: Flexural Strength Test

TABLE XI: Comparison of Workability Of FAAC With

Conventional Concrete

C. Mix Design
Mix design is carried out for the M20 grade concrete by
using IS 10262 – 2009
Mix proportions:
Cement - 372 kg/m3
Water - 186 lit
Fine aggregate - 711.45 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate - 1208.256 kg/m3
W/C - 0.55
International Journal of Innovative Technologies
Volume.05, Issue No.03, March-2017, Pages: 0460-0463
 C. V. SIVA RAMA PRASAD
IV. CONCLUSION
 The weight of the concrete cubes compared to the
conventional concrete is reduced to about 27.5% by
weight.
 The aggregates are vital elements in concrete. The usage
of enormous quantities of aggregates results in
destruction of hills causing geological and environmental
imbalance.
 The environmental impacts of extracting river sand and
crushed stone aggregates become a source of increasing
concern in most parts of the Country. Pollution hazards,
noise, dust, blasting vibrations, loss of forests and
spoiling of natural environment are the bad impacts
caused due to extraction of aggregates. Landslides of
weak and steep hill slopes are induced due to unplanned
exploitation of rocks.

V. REFERENCESS
[1]Ahmad, S. H. and Barker, R., 1991, "Flexural Behavior of
Reinforced High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Beams," ACI
Structural Journal, Vol. 88, No. 1, January-February, pp. 69-77.
[2]Ahmad, S. H. and Batts, J., 1991, "Flexural Behavior of
Doubly Reinforced High-Strength Lightweight Concrete Beams
with Web Reinforcement" ACI Structural Journal, Vol. 88, No.
3, May-June, pp. 351-358.
[3]Baldwin, J. W., 1965, "Bond of Reinforcement in
Lightweight Aggregate Concrete," Preliminary Report,
University of Missouri, March, 10 pp.
[4]Clarke, J. L. and Birjandi, F. K., 1993, "Bond Strength Tests
For Ribbed Bars in Lightweight Aggregate Concrete,"
Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 45, No. 163, pp. 79-87.
[5]Cousins, T. E., 2005, "Investigation of Long-Term Prestress
Losses in Pretensioned High Performance Concrete Girders,"
Final Contract Report No. VTRC 05-CR20, Virginia
Transportation Research Council, June, 70 pp.
[6]Hanson, N. W. and Kaar, P. H., 1959, "Flexural Bond Tests
of Pretensioned Prestressed Beams," ACI Journal, Proceedings,
Vol. 55, No. 7, January, pp. 783-802.
[7]Hanson, J. A., 1961, "Tensile Strength and Diagonal Tension
Resistance of Structural Lightweight Concrete," ACI Journal,
Proceedings, Vol. 58, No. 1, July, pp. 1-39.
[8]Hanson. J. A., 1964, "Prestress Loss as Affected by Type of
Curing," PCI Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2, April, pp. 69-93.
[9]Hanson. J. A., 1965, "Optimum Steam Curing Procedures for
Structural Lightweight Concrete," ACI Journal, Proceedings,
Vol. 62, No. 6, June, pp. 661-672.
[10]Hanson. J. A., 1968, "Effects of Curing and Drying
Environments on Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete," ACI
Journal, Proceedings, Vol. 68, No. 7, July, pp. 535-543.
[11]Indian Standard IS 10262 – 2009
[12]IS 516-1959 Method of test for strength of concrete
[13]IS 456-2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced
concrete (3rd revision)
[14]IS 2386(PT7) – 1963 Methods of test for aggregates for
concrete.

International Journal of Innovative Technologies

Volume.05, Issue No.03, March-2017, Pages: 0460-0463

View publication stats