AUGUST

2016

BUILDING TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATIONS

COMPILED BY:
ADEYEMI OLUWASEUN TAYO
PHOMABOD LIMITED | PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS, NIGERIA, WEST AFRICA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION A: GENERAL QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP

SECTION B: EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK

SECTION C: CONCRETE WORK

SECTION D: BLOCKWORK, BRICKWORK AND MASONRY

SECTION E: ROOFING

SECTION F: CARPENTARY AD JOINERY

SECTION G: STRUCTURAL STEELWORK

SECTION H: METALWORK

SECTION J: FINISHES

SECTION K: GLAZING

SECTION L: PAINTING AND DECORATING

SECTION M: ELECTRICAL WORKS

SECTION N: MECHANICAL WORKS

SECTION P: EXTERNAL WORKS

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SECTION A
QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP
A1: Standards for materials and workmanship are generally as those issued by the British
Standards Organisation (BS) or ASTM Standards.
A2: Materials used in the works shall be new and conform to the standards specified. Samples of
all materials shall be subject from time to time to test as the Project Manager may direct and only
those materials that pass the test shall be used in the works. The Project Manager shall have the
right to reject any material that is damaged or faulty and such material shall be removed from the
site immediately.
A3: Workmanship generally is to be of the highest standard obtainable and in all cases where a
Standard Code of Practice exists and is applicable to any portion of the Works, the Contractor shall
allow for complying with the recommended practice unless such procedure would directly conflict
with requirements stated elsewhere in these contract documents.
A4: The Contractor shall produce all necessary certificates to prove that materials being used
conform to specifications.
A5: Proprietary materials shall be handled stored and used, and processes shall be carried out
strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations.
A6 Materials of proprietary manufacture specified hereafter, may be substituted by materials of a
different manufacture provided that such substitutes are in all respect equal to the original
specification and that the prior approval is obtained of the Project Manager to all substitutions
effected.
A7: The Project Manager shall be provided with instruments, machines, labour and, materials
which are normally required for examining, measuring and testing any work, and samples of
materials for testing the quality and weight of any material used, before incorporation in the works.

Test and Samples

A8: Samples of all materials for use in the works are to be provided by the Contractor at his own
cost.
A9: The cost of carrying out all tests shall be borne by the Contractor.
A10: The Project Manager and any other person authorised by him shall at all times have access
to the works and all workshops and places where services are being rendered or from where
materials, manufactured articles or machinery are being obtained for the works.

Examination of Work
A11: No work shall be covered up or put out of view without the approval of the Project Manager
or his representative.
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A12: The Contractor shall provide all opportunity for the Project Manager or his representative to
examine and measure any work, which is about to be covered up or put out of view.
A13: The Contractor shall give adequate notice to the Project Manager or his representative
whenever work is ready or about to be ready for examination.

Conflicting Descriptions
A14: In the event of the detailed descriptions of any measured item or group of items in the Bills
of Quantities conflicting with the general specification clauses contained in the Trade Preambles,
the detailed description of the measured work shall take precedence.

Tolerances Generally
A15: When a finish (e.g. rendering) is required on a structural member special care must be taken
in the construction of the structural member with regard to its relationship with adjoining structural
members so that after completion of the finished surface no irregularities occur on the surface to
indicate variation in the structural members covered by that finish.

Protection
A16: The Contractor is to include for covering up and protecting from injury from any cause all
new work, also for supplying all temporary doors, protection to windows and any other requisite
protection for the whole of the works executed, whether by himself, special tradesman or sub-
contractors. Any damaged works must be made good by the Contractor at his own expense.
A17: All projecting sills, mouldings, concrete steps and the like are to be protected from damage
during the progress of the work by rough timber causing security fixed.
A18: All joinery is to be protected from damage from any cause whatsoever during the
performance of the Contract.
A19: The Works are to be left perfect to the satisfaction of the Project Manager at completion and
before giving up possession, the Contractor must see that all doors, sashes, etc. work easily and
shall make any necessary adjustments.

Specification apply to all Sections

A20: The Specifications relating to each particular section shall apply equally to all work carried
out of a similar nature other sections (e.g. excavation and earthwork preambles apply equally to
external works.)

Abbreviations
A21: The abbreviations `BS' and `CP' in these Bills of Quantities shall mean the relevant British
Standard Specification and British Standard Code of Practice respectively published by the British
Standards Institution and current at the date of tender.
A22: Where two dimensions in a description are separated by a hyphen, i.e., 150mm-230mm this
shall be assumed to mean `over 150mm but not exceeding 230mm' etc.
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A23: The following standard abbreviations in respect of metric units are used throughout: mm -
millimetre
m- Metre
m2 - square metre
m3 - cubic metre
N- Newton
MN - Mega Newton
Kg - Kilogramme
Nr - Number

Writing Short
A24: Where an item has been written short it shall be deemed to mean that the item is `extra over'
the preceding item.

Contractor’s Prices to be all inclusive

A25: The rates inserted in the Bills of Quantities by the Contractor are to include for carrying out
all obligations contained in these documents whether they are explicitly detailed or implied. If the
Contractor is in any doubt as to the extent of his obligations under any item in these documents he
is to enquire from the Quantity Surveyor who shall provide clarifications. The submission of a
tender by a Contractor will imply the absence of any queries regarding the extent of his obligations
under the Contract.

PC Prices in Bills of Quantities

A26: Some descriptions in the Bills of Quantities include a PC Price, that is, described as say PC
N3, 000/.m2 in pricing these items, the Contractor is to take the P.C price as the cost of the material
supplied to the site. He is to allow in his rates for taking delivery, unloading, handling, wastes,
stacking or storing until required, incorporating into the works and fulfilling all other obligations
detailed. Where a location other than the site of the works is specified, the Contractor shall, in
addition, allow for taking delivery at the location and transporting the materials to the site.
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SECTION B
EXCAVATION AND EARTHWORK
General
B1: The excavation shall be carried out to the lines levels widths and depths shown on the drawings
or as directed by the Architect.
B2: The Contractor is to report to the Architect when the excavations are ready to receive the
concrete foundations and is to obtain his approval of the excavations before the concrete is
deposited. Any concrete or other work put in place before this has been done will have to be
removed if so required by the Architect at the Contractor’s expense.
B3: All black earth excavated shall be deposited in spoil heaps for re-use as directed by the
Architect
B4: Sand or ballast found on the site is not to be used in the work.
B5: The Contractor shall be responsible for upholding the sides of all excavations by shuttering
shoring sheeting timbering or whatever means necessary to protect the workmen and to prevent
damage to adjacent services and structures.
B6: Should the Contractor excavate to a depth or width greater than shown on the drawings or
instructed by the Architect he shall at his own expense fill in such greater depth or width of
excavation with concrete as described for foundations.
B7: All excavations shall at all times be kept free from water and mud from whatsoever source
arising by pumping and/or bailing as required.
B8: If rock is encountered in excavation, it shall be brought to the notice of the Architect.
B9: The term `rock' shall mean hard stone as can only be removed, in the opinion of the Architect
by barring, wedging, drilling, splitting or blasting. Should the Contractor fail to notify the Architect
before commencement of work in rock, such excavation shall be deemed to be in normal ground
and shall be valued accordingly.
B10: Blasting of rock shall be carried out upon permission of the Architect, and all precautions
regarding transport and storage of explosives, provisions of signs, and warning signals for public
safety shall be maintained in accordance with local laws and regulations.
B11: The Architect shall inspect and approve the bottom of excavation before concreting. He shall
be given at least 24 hours’ notice before the bottom of excavations. Any work carried out before
inspection shall, if required, be removed and repeated in accordance with the Architect’s
instructions.
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Filling
B12: Suitable material arising from excavation shall be used where possible for filling on the site
unless otherwise specified or directed by the Architect.
B13: Where suitable materials are not available from excavations, approved suitable materials
from borrow areas approved by the Architect may be used.
B14: The Contractor shall not fill in over any work until it has been approved by the Architect.
B15A: Filing around foundations, etc., is to be in 200mm, layers well rammed and consolidated,
using water to assist consolidation if so directed.
B15B: All surplus excavated materials is to be deposited, spread and levelled where directed, or
removed from site as required, the Contractor being responsible for finding a deposit and paying
all fees and charges which may be demanded.

Compaction of Fills
B16: The compaction achieved in fills shall be measured by the standard proctor test carried out
in accordance with BS 1377, test Nos 12 and 14.
B17: The moisture content of the fill material shall be adjusted to achieve the required compaction.
The minimum relative compaction to be achieved shall be 100% of maximum dry density. Any
material which after repeated compaction does not achieve this figure shall be removed and
replaced with suitable material.
B18: All fill material whether placed in position or not, which in the opinion of the
Architect does not comply with the specification shall be removed and replaced as directed.
B19: The frequency of compaction test shall be such that each layer shall be compacted satisfactory
before proceeding with the net layer with the maximum thickness of 200mm. Tests will be taken
in accordance with prescribed test procedures and under the direction of the Architect.

Materials
B20 Approved filling' shall be in soft laterite or other such materials approved by the Architect. It
shall be deposited in 300mm layers and well watered and consolidated. If materials obtained from
excavation are approved for use in filling, a reduction in the price quoted in the Bills of Quantities
shall be agreed with the Contractor.

Anti-termite treatment
B21: The Contractor shall destroy all ants' nests and vermin encountered during excavation.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

B22: Measured items of excavation shall be deemed to be not exceeding 1.50m deep unless
otherwise stated and the rates for all excavation work shall include for the following:-
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1. Excavating in whatsoever material that may be met with except old foundations and ‘rock’ as
defined and for grubbing up and removing any drains, pipes, roots and any other obstructions
encountered.
2. Temporary sheet pilling, planking and strutting, special shoring re-strutting and re-shoring
and/or any other method of upholding and maintaining the faces of the excavations.
3. Increases in bulk after excavation (the measured quantities for excavation and disposal are those
before excavation).
4. Levelling grading to falls and cambers and compacting the surface of the ground.
5. Trimming sides of cuttings and sides of embankment to slope.
6. Keeping the excavations from storm or percolating water by pumping or baling. (The Contractor
is to ascertain the water table level, or high and low water level, and provide accordingly).
7. Additional excavation to provide working space
8. Double handling or shifting spoils within the site.
B23: Rates for approved filling, hardcore and laterite shall include for ramming and levelling the
ground under, rolling or ramming to the surface of each layer, blinding with fine particles to the
finished surface, finishing to falls or cambers as required, all necessary hand packing and loss of
bulk due to consolidation. (Thicknesses and volumes given are those after consolidation).
B24: The whole of the excavation work (including external works) shall be carried out so as to
ensure the most economic `balancing' of spoil; e.g., if surplus spoil results from the excavation of
one portion of the work, that portion shall be excavated in good time to enable that surplus to be
re-used elsewhere in positions where `filling' is required. Similarly, spoil shall not be carted away
from site if it may be required on the site for filling purposes.
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SECTION C
CONCRETE WORK
General
CI: Concrete shall be made with cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. No other
agent or ingredient shall be added to the concrete without the prior approval of the Architect. The
Contractor shall ensure that the use of any such approved additive will not adversely affect the
strength, durability or appearance of the finished concrete works.
C2: No approval by the Architect shall in any way relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for
the quality of materials and the standard of workmanship in the finished works and for the strength
and durability and appearance of the finished concrete works.
C3: The term `Testing Authority' shall mean an organization nominated by the Contractor and
approved by the Architect, fully equipped to carry out tests and checks required by this Contract.
It may be an independent firm or a laboratory set up and maintained by the Contractor or a
combination of both.

Defective Work
C4: Where in the opinion of the Architect any of the finished works or the materials or
workmanship in any part of the works do not comply with all the relevant requirements of this
contract that part of the works shall be classed as defective work.
C5: All work classed as defective work shall be cut out and removed from the works and replaced
to the satisfaction of the Architect/S.O.
C6: The extent of the work to be removed and the methods to be used in the removal and
replacement of this work shall be in accordance with the direction of the Architect.

Rejected Materials
C7: All materials which have been damaged or are contaminated or have deteriorated or do not
comply with the requirements of these Specifications shall be rejected and shall be removed from
the site immediately at the Contractor’s expense.

Design
C8: The reinforced concrete and precast concrete works have been designed generally in
accordance with the recommendations contained in BS 110 and the Contractor shall comply with
the recommendations made in this Code of Practice unless specifically excluded or modified
hereafter. Working tolerances are as set out hereafter.
C9: Unreinforced concrete shall comply with all the relevant requirements of this contract.
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Materials
C10: The cement shall be Portland cement complying with BS.12. Sulphate resisting and rapid
hardening Portland cement shall comply with BS. 4027 (Part 2) and BS 12 (Part 2) respectively.
C11: All cement shall be delivered to the site in bulk cement Lorries of approved design or in
sealed bags or in sealed tins and shall be fresh and free from lumps and dampness. Cement shall
be used in order of delivery to site and in no case shall cement older than three months be used.
Evidence of date of manufacture must be produced and approved by the Architect in advance.
C12: Samples of each consignment shall be submitted to the Architect for approval before delivery
and further samples from bulk shall be provided for testing whenever required by the Architect.
Should the Architect find any sample so tested unsatisfactory, the whole consignment from which
is has been taken shall be rejected and the Architect shall require the removal of such cement
consignment from the site.
C13: Cement shall be stored in a weatherproof well ventilated shed having a dry floor raised a
minimum of 10 cm above floor level or in silos of approved design.

Admixtures
C14: Admixtures shall not be used unless specifically permitted by this specification. The concrete
supplier shall certify to the Architect that the admixtures proposed for use are compatible with
each other and with the ingredients of the concrete mix. The use of admixtures will be permitted
only if their use does not reduce the strength of the concrete below the minimum compressive
strength specified.
C15 Air-entraining admixture shall conform to Specification for Air-entraining admixtures for
Concrete, ASTM C260. Admixture shall be MBVR (Vinsol resin) as manufactured by Master
Builders or a substitute accepted as equal by the Architect prior to its use.
C16: Water-reducing admixture shall be Type A conforming to Specifications for
Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, ASTM C494, and Admixture shall be Pozzolith 30N or a
substitute accepted as equal by the Architect prior to its use.
C17: Synthetic red oxide colouring shall be used to colour the concrete protecting electrical duct
banks. Red pigmented concrete containing at least twenty-five pounds per cubic yard of red oxide
shall be used.

Aggregates
C18: Aggregate shall comply with the recommendations of B.S. 882
C19 In special circumstances a deviation from B.S 882 in respect of grading of aggregate may be
accepted subject to the prior approval of the Architect.
C20 Aggregate shall be stored in approved containers on hard paved self-draining areas with
adequate dividing walls to prevent mixing of different types of aggregate.
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C21 For structural concrete grades the maximum size of the fine aggregate shall be 5mm and the
coarse aggregate shall be 20mm.

Fine Aggregate
C22 Fine aggregate for reinforced concrete shall be either clean, well-washed, sharp, fresh water
or pit sand, from an approved source or obtained by screening crushed gravel or stone or an
approved combination thereof.
C23: Fine aggregate is to have hard sound uncoated grains and is to be free from dust, loarn and
injurious amount of clay, shale, alkali and organic matter.
C24: Fine aggregate shall not contain more than 3% of material passing a 0.1mm sieve by washing
and not more than 1% of clay lumps or 1% of shale.
C25: Fine aggregate shall be well graded from coarse to fine and shall conform to the following
sieve analysis requirements:
Sieve Size 7mm 3mm 1mm 0.2mm
Percent Passing 100 55.75 20.50 2 - 15
C26: Samples from each consignment of fine aggregate are to be submitted to the Architect for
any additional testing and approval before delivery to the site.

Coarse Aggregate
C27: Coarse aggregate for reinforced concrete shall consist of crushed stone, gravel, or other
approved inert materials with similar characteristics or a combination thereof, having clean, hard,
sound, strong, durable uncoated particles, free from injurious amounts of soft, friable, thin,
elongated or laminated pieces alkali, organic or other deleterious matter.
C28: Coarse aggregate shall contain no more than 1.5% of material passing 0.2 mm sieve by
washing not more than 5% of soft fragments.
C29: Coarse aggregate shall be well graded between the following limiting sizes and conform to
the following sieve analysis requirements:
Sieve Size 30 mm 15 mm 7 mm 3 mm
Percent Passing 100 10 – 85 25 – 40 0-5
C30: Samples from each consignment of coarse aggregate are to be submitted to the Architect for
any additional testing and approval before delivery to the site.

Water
C31: The water to be used in the works shall be clean and from all harmful matter in suspension
or solution.
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C32: Analysis of water supply prior to concreting and during the progress of the works will be
required. Testing is to follow BS 3248.

Reinforcement
C33: Mild steel and high steel shall be obtained from an approved supplier and shall comply in all
respects with BS 4449, BS 4461, BS4482 and BS 4483.
C34: Reinforcement shall be stored on racks clear of the ground.
C35: Before any reinforcement is procured, samples as well as certified test data of ultimate tensile
stress, yield point, stress elongation and cold bend shall be submitted for approval by the Architect.
C36: Steel reinforcing bars shall be kept clean and shall be free from pitting, loose rust, mill scale,
oil, grease, earth, paint, or any other material which may impair the bond between the concrete
and the reinforcement.
C37: Steel mesh and expanded metal sheet be used only when specified and shall be of the type
shown on the plan or approved by the Architect.
C38: Reinforcement in structure shall not be welded except where permitted by the Architect in
writing.
C39: Concrete spacer blocks required for ensuring that the reinforcement is correctly positioned
shall be as small as possible and of shapes and designs that will not overturn when the concrete is
placed. They shall be made of concrete of similar mix proportions and strength as the adjacent
concrete or of mortar not learner than cement-sand 1:1.
C40: All reinforcement shall be accurately and firmly fixed and maintained in the position shown
on the drawings.
C41: Reinforcement shall be straightened and bent to the dimensions given in the bar bending
schedule in such a manner as to avoid any injury to the reinforcing bars. Bends are to be made
without the use of heat, round a pin having a diameter at least four times the diameter of the bar.
Bars shall not be straightened or bent again once having been bent and bars having cracks or split
at the bends shall be rejected.
C42: All intersecting bars shall be tied together with soft annealed 1.6 mm diameter wire with no
ends of wire projecting towards the face of the concrete. No splices shall be made in the
reinforcement except where shown on the drawings. Bars shall overlap for a minimum distance
determined by permissible stresses in the reinforcement and concrete, proportional to the diameter
of the bars but under no circumstances being less than 30 times the diameter.
C43: Bending, placing and tying of reinforcement shall be approved by the Architect prior to any
concreting.
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Placing of Reinforcement
C44: The minimum concrete covering for reinforcement shall be as follows unless otherwise noted
on the design drawings; in which case the design drawings shall govern.
(a) Concrete deposited against the ground – 75mm
(b) Formed surfaces exposed to the weather, water or in contact with the earth – 50mm clearance
to all reinforcement including stirrups, ties, and spirals.
(c) Surfaces not exposed to the weather (interior) or water and not to be in contact with the earth.
Beams, columns, slabs and walls, - 12mm clearance to stirrups, ties and spirals;
C45: All reinforcement, at the time concrete is placed, shall be free of mud, oil or other materials
including loose rust or mill scale that may adversely affect or reduce the bond.
C46: All reinforcement shall be supported and fastened together to prevent displacement by
construction loads or from placing of concrete. On ground, where necessary, supporting concrete
blocks may be used. Against formwork, approved metal or plastic bar chairs and spacers shall be
used. Where the concrete surface will be exposed to the weather in the finished structure, the
portions of all accessories within 12mm of the concrete surface shall be non-corrosive or protected
against corrosion. For detailed recommendations refer to Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute’s
Placing Reinforcing Bars (CRS1 76).
C47: Welded wire fabric shall have lapped splices not less than the spacing of the cross wires, and
shall be extended through contraction joins and construction joints except in paving and at keyed
joints in slabs on grade. Wire fabric shall be adequately supported during placing of concrete to
insure its proper position in the slab by the method described above, by laying the fabric on a layer
of fresh concrete of the proper depth, before placing the upper layer of the slab.
C48: Vertical bars in columns shall be offset at least one bar diameter at lapped splices. To insure
proper placements, templates shall be furnished for all column dowels.
C49: All splices not shown on drawings shall not be acceptable to the Architect.
C50: Unless permitted by the Architect, reinforcement shall not be bent after being partially
embedded in hardened concrete.
C51: Bars used for reinforcement shall not be welded or spot welded for any purpose.

Formwork
C52: Before construction commences the Contractor shall notify the Architect of the general
method and system of formwork he proposes to use.
C53: All joints in the formwork and joints between the formwork and previous work shall be
sufficiently tight to prevent loss of liquid from the concrete through these joints.
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C54: Methods of fixing and locating formwork which result in holes through the concrete section
when the formwork is removed shall not be used.
C55: No metal part of any device for maintaining formwork in the correct location shall remain
permanently within the specified concrete cover to the main reinforcement.
C56: The use of concrete retarders or similar preparations on the formwork surfaces shall be
subject to the prior approval of the Architect.
C57: Where ‘extra over for fair face' is measured to concrete surfaces, the
Contractor shall assume that `sawn' formwork has been measured to those faces and when pricing
the `fair face' item he shall allow for the extra cost of using lined formwork or for whatever other
approved method he may adopt in finishing the concrete face perfectly smooth and even, free from
board and joint marks and for taking special care when pouring and compacting the concrete
forming such faces so that a dense smooth face is obtained. `Skimming of such faces will not be
permitted.
C58: Wrought formwork has been measured only where a specific finish other than `fair face' is
required to the exposed concrete.
C59: Fixing blocks and ends of brackets and bars and bolts, etc., shall be cast in concrete at the
time of placing and together with all mortices and holes and apertures and chases and grooves etc.,
shall be accurately set out in the formwork before the concrete is placed. No part of the concrete
works shall be cut away for any such item or for any other reason without the approval of the
Architect
C60: The Contractor shall obtain from all sub-contractors complete information of their
requirements regarding conduits and pipes and fixing blocks or boxes and chases and holes and
any other items to be cast or formed in concrete members subject to the condition that failure of a
sub-contractor to supply such information shall not be allowed to delay the progress of the
Contract.
C61: The Contractor shall ensure that all sub-contractors are informed of this programme for the
structural works at the commencement of the Contract. He shall also ensure that the sub-
contractor's requirements relating to concrete members are approved by the Architect before work
is commenced.
C62: At the commencement of the Contract the Contractor shall supply the subcontractor with
written copies of the preceding two paragraphs.
C63: The vertical propping to all formwork shall be carried down sufficiently far to provide the
necessary support without damage or overstress or displacement of any part of the construction.
C64: Structural props shall be retained in position until new construction is sufficiently strong to
support its own weight and any loads to be placed on it during the contract period.
C65: Each member shall be supported by structural props which are spaced at no more than 1.5
metres centers in two directions.
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C66: All formwork to soffits shall be constructed so that it can be removed without disturbing the
structural props.
C67: Unless otherwise detailed on the drawings the formwork of all beams and slabs shall be
constructed with the following upward camber:

Spanning between supports:

Roofing beams and slabs 0.2% of the span at mid-span;
Floor beams and slabs 0.1% of the span at mid-span.

Cantilever:
Beams and slabs 0.4% of the projection at the free end;
C68: The internal faces of the formwork may be coated with an approved preparation to prevent
adhesion of the concrete to the forms provided that the use of this preparation will not stain the
surface of the finished concrete. None of this preparation shall be allowed to touch the
reinforcement.
C69: Immediately before the concrete is placed in any section of the formwork the interior of that
section shall be completely cleared of all extraneous materials including water.
C70: Each section for the formwork to structural members shall be inspected by the Architect
immediately before concrete is placed in that section.

Construction and Movement Joints

C71: The Contractor shall ensure that all construction joints are arranged to minimize the effect of
shrinkage of the concrete. Generally the distance between construction joints in walls and slabs
shall not exceed 10 metres.
C72: The positions of all joints not shown on the drawings shall be agreed with the Architect before
work is commenced.
C73: All construction joints other than horizontal joints shall be formed with proper stop-boards
and the stop-boards shall be fixed vertically unless otherwise directed.
C74 At all construction joints the laitance shall be completely removed from the contract face
before the adjacent section is concreted. Where an adjacent face of the concrete is to be exposed
in the finished works, treatment of the joint shall be terminated 12mm away from the face to be
exposed.
C75: Horizontal joints at exposed faces shall be formed against a straight batten at least 12mm
thick.

Reinforcement
C76: Reinforcement bending schedules will be provided listing the cut length and diameter or size
and bending dimensions and location of each bar in the works.
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C77: Before the bars are cut o length the Contractor must check:
C78: That the reinforcement schedules are provided for each part of the structure sufficiently in
advance of his concreting programme.
C79: That each schedule includes the correct quantities of reinforcement as detailed on the drawing
to which it relates.
C80: That the grades of reinforcement given in each schedule correspond to those shown on the
relevant drawing.
C81: All reinforcement bars shall be accurately shaped in a manner that will not injure the material
to the details shown on the drawings and bending schedules. Bars shall not be bent hot.
C82: All reinforcement shall be freed of all loose mill scale and thoroughly cleaned to remove all
loose rust and oil and grease or other harmful matter immediately prior to being placed in position
in the Works.
C83: All reinforcement shall be accurately placed with the correct cover and securely fixed in the
positions shown on the drawings by an approved method.
C84: Mild steel reinforcement used for approved chairs will be listed on the bending schedules,
C85: No metal part of any device used for connecting bars or for maintaining reinforcement in the
correct position against faces exposed to the elements, earth or water shall remain permanently
within the specified minimum concrete cover to the reinforcement.
C86: Welding of reinforcement shall only be carried out with the approval of the Architect
C87: Reinforcement shall not be bent up within the formwork unless approved by the Architect.
C88: The Contractor shall ensure that projecting reinforcement does not cause rust staining to any
part of the Works.

Concreting
C89: The quantities of cement and aggregates for each batch shall be weighed separately in
approved weigh batching equipment. Where cement is delivered in bags each batch of concrete
shall be proportioned to use a whole number of bags.
C90: Concrete shall be mixed in an approved mechanical batch type concrete mixer.
Mixing shall be continued until there is a uniform distribution of the materials in the mixer and the
mass is uniform in colour. The mixing time for each batch shall not be less than the minimum
period recommended by the mixer manufacturer.
C91: The volume of mixed materials in each batch shall not exceed the rated capacity of the mixer.
Each batch of concrete shall be discharged completely before the mixer drum is re-charged.
C92: The mixer drum shall be thoroughly washed out whenever mixing ceases.
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C93: Concrete shall be transported as quickly as possible from the mixer to its final position
without segregation or loss of any of the ingredients.
C94: All plant and equipment used for transporting concrete shall be kept clean.
All containers used for transporting concrete shall be thoroughly washed out whenever mixing
ceases.
C95: Runs or gangways for concrete transporters and main runs for foot traffic shall not be
supported or allowed to bear on the fixed reinforcement.
C96: Concrete shall be placed within 30 minutes of mixing.
C97: At all times when reinforced concrete is being placed a competent steel fixer shall be in
continuous attendance on the contractor to adjust and correct the position of any reinforcement
which may be displaced.
C98: The Contractor shall keep on site a complete record of the Works showing the time and date
when concrete is placed in each part of the Works. This record shall be available at all times for
inspection by the Architect.
C99: Concrete shall be thoroughly compacted during placing and shall be carefully worked around
all reinforcement and embedded fixtures and into the sides and corners of the formwork.
C100: Unless otherwise specified all structural concrete in the grades listed on the Schedule of
concrete mixes shall be compacted by the use of suitable mechanical vibrators, wherever possible
internal vibrators shall be used.
C101: All surfaces of freshly placed structural concrete shall be covered with an approved material
and cured by being kept moist for 7 days except that for concrete made with rapid hardening
cement, the minimum curing period shall be 3 days.
C102: Soffit and side forms left in positions will be regarded as effective in keeping those surfaces
moist.
C103: The Contractor shall notify the Architect of the system and methods of curing he proposes
to use for all structural concrete members before work is commenced.
C104: Precast units made with ordinary Portland cement may be steam cured at atmospheric
pressure. The temperature of the units shall be raised at a steady rate which shall not exceed 40oF.
Per hour and in addition the curing shall comply with the following:
C105: A maximum and minimum thermometer of approved design shall be kept on site close to
the works for measuring atmospheric shade temperature.
C106: A daily record of maximum and minimum morning and evening temperatures shall be
maintained on site. The daily average temperature shall be calculated as the arithmetic mean of the
maximum and minimum morning and evening temperatures recorded in each 24 hours.
17 | P a g e

Pre-casting
C107: The Contractor shall ensure that precast concrete units are stored and delivered to the site
to suit construction requirements. This programme shall be agreed with the precast concrete
manufacturer in writing. Precast units shall be in concrete Grade A unless otherwise stated.
C108: Before removal from the casting beds the concrete shall have obtained sufficient strength
to prevent any damage or distortion or overstressing of the precast units. The Contractor shall
provide all necessary lifting devices, which shall be subject to the approval of the Architect prior
to manufacture of the units.
C109: During all subsequent handling, storage and transporting the precast units shall be protected
against any damage or surface staining. The Architect may reject any units which are damaged or
stained.
C110: Immediately after removal from the casting beds all units shall be marked in a manner and
in a position approved by the Architect
C111: All precast units shall be made available for checking of dimensions and surface finishes
and shall be approved by the Architect before erection.
C112: Prior to the commencement of erection the Contractor shall submit for approval of the
Architect details of his proposed arrangements for lifting and erecting precast units on site.
C113: Precast units which require temporary fixing in position shall be rigidly propped at a suitable
point to be indicated by the Architect
C114: All joint surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned. Dry-packed mortar joints shall be formed by
compacting the mortar in one inch layers with a steel tool.
C115: Bedded mortar joints shall be formed by bedding the precast units on a firm layer of mortar.
The units shall be levelled on steel shims located with the top surface just below the surface level
of the mortar. The shims shall have minimum cover of one inch of mortar or concrete. Thin bedded
mortar joints shall be formed with a neat cement mortar spread evenly to form a thin bed just
sufficient to take up any high points on the bedding surface.

Striking of Formwork
C116: The structure shall not be distorted, damaged or overloaded in any way by the removal of
the formwork from concrete members.
C117: The responsibility for the safe removal of any part of the formwork or strutting shall rest
with the Contractor.
C118: The minimum time from completion of placing concrete to the removal of formwork from
structural members shall be determined from the following table.
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Finishing Work to Concrete Faces

C119: After removal of the formwork no treatment of any kind other than that required for curing
the concrete shall be applied to the concrete faces until they have been inspected by the Architect
C120: Unless otherwise specified all concrete faces to be exposed in the finished works shall be
left as struck.
C121: After inspection all superfluous fins and similar projections shall be carefully removed. No
render or other applied finish shall be used to obtain a fair-face to the concrete.
C122: All concrete faces to be exposed in the finished works shall be adequately protected against
damage and surface staining during the execution of subsequent works.

Tolerances for Precast Units

C123: Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings all dimensions shall be within the tolerance
given below.
All dimensions of 3 metres and over ± 6mm
All dimensions of less than 3 metres ± 3mm
Precast units shall also comply with each of the following tolerances which may modify these
tolerances given above for particular conditions. Tolerances are not cumulative.
Permissible bow 6mm in 3 metres;
Permissible twist from any plane surface as defined by any three exterior corners ± 3mm.
Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings the centre lines of the finished structural elements at
all points shall be within ± 3mm of their correct position on plan relative to the nearest reference
grid line and within ± 3mm of their correct level relative to the datum level.
All sections of structural elements shall be within the tolerances below:
For dimensions not exceeding 200mm ± 3mm
For dimensions exceeding 200mm but) not exceeding 3 metres) ± 3mm
For dimensions exceeding 3 metres ± 6mm
Surfaces exposed in the finished work shall not depart by more than 3mm from a 1.5 metres straight
edge placed anywhere on the surface.
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Rates in Bills of Quantities

C123: The rates for all concrete work, including precast concrete, shall include for the following:
1) Filling concrete into formwork and working around reinforcement.
2) Work in all sectional areas, bays, etc. lengths and thicknesses, (concrete work has been
measured the net volume and thickness required after vibration and the rates shall include for the
loss of bulk due to variation).
3) Forming all necessary construction joints including formwork to sand.
4) Leaving surfaces ready for rendering of any description, beds and backings.
5) Forming chases, grooves, notching, mortices, holes for pipes and the like and all other sundry
labours and making good.
6) All tests required.
7) Protection.
The rates for bar reinforcement shall include for the following:
1) Bars in any lengths.
2) Additional labour forming links, stirrups, binders and special spacers.
3) Bends, hooks, tying wire, distance blocks and ordinary spacers.
4) Protection.
The rates for fabric reinforcement shall include for the following:
1) Cutting of any description, notching, bending, tying wire and distance blocks.
2) The extra material at laps, (Unless otherwise stated the end laps shall be 300mm with 150mm
side laps for square meshes).
The rates for all formwork shall include for the following:
1) Cutting of any description
2) Notching, drilling, borings, perforations and similar labours.
3) Spacer or distance pieces, sleeves, etc.
4) Strutting to any height and formwork to soffits of slabs of any thickness.
5) Temporary use and waste only of the formwork and supports unless otherwise stated.
6) Protection.
The rates for precast concrete shall include for the following:
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1) All casings and moulds.

2) Hoisting, bedding or setting in position.
3) Pointing around, if required and jointing between units.
4) Rubbing down all exposed faces to a fair finish
5) Additional reinforcement solely to reduce the risk of breakage during handling
6) Protection
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SECTION D
BLOCK WORK, BRICKWORK AND MASONRY
D1: Cement for block-work brickwork and stone masonry shall be as specified in Section C –
Concrete work.
D2: Sand used in the preparation of mortar shall be natural sand, clean sharp coarse grit pit or river
sand.
D3: Lime shall be freshly burnt stone-lime delivered in large lumps, slaked on site; in the absence
of slaked lime, hydrated lime.
D4: Water shall be as that specified in Section C – Concrete-work.
D3: If the Contractor wishes to manufacture blocks off the site or use blocks from an outside
supplier he shall inform the Architect of his intentions and provide him with details of the place of
manufacture or supplier. No supplier of blocks will be approved unless the Contractor obtains both
the supplier's written guarantee that blocks will be manufactured in accordance with the
requirements of this contract and the supplier's agreement to the inspection by the Architect of his
factory during the block making.
D4: Before commencing any work, samples of all sizes of blocks required in the Works shall be
submitted to the Architect for approval.
D5: Blocks shall be hollow cored having a minimum shell thickness of 45mm.
D6: Blocks shall be composed of one part of cement to six of sand mixed with just sufficient water
to bind the mix under slight pressure. The mixture shall be well rammed and consolidation in the
mould and shall be made into blocks within half an hour of the water being added to the mix.
D7: The nominal face size shall be 440 x 215mm keyed as required for rendering.
D8: Blocks shall be cast true to shape, even in size, smooth faced and free from flaws or blow
holes and with clean and sharp arises.

Curing of Blocks
D9: After removal from the machine, blocks shall be left on pallets to mature in the shade in
separate rows, one block high, with a space between, for at least 24 hours and sprayed with water.
They may then be removed from the pallets but not stacked or removed from the shade for a further
4 days and shall be sprayed with water at intervals. Following this, the blocks may be stacked not
more than five blocks high in the shade and allowed to dry out. No blocks shall be built into any
part of the building until they have matured in this manner for at least 21 days.
22 | P a g e

D10: Blocks must be capable of resisting pressure of 2.8N/mm2 (400Ibs/sq.in) 28 days after
manufacturing and the Contractor shall allow for providing samples and carrying out tests to
determine the compressive strength as directed. If any sample fails to reach the prescribed strength
the Architect/S.O may reject the batch which contained the sample and may direct the Contractor
to break up or remove from site the whole batch.

Mortar
D11: Mortar shall be composed of cement and sand (1:6) and an approved plasticizer to give a
strength equal to the strength of the blocks.
D12: It shall be used within one hour of mixing and shall not be used or mixed with any other
mortar after it has begun to set nor with any of a previous day's mixing.
D13: Proper stages shall be provided to receive the mortar when made.
D14: All Block-work shall be laid plumb, true to line and with courses level. All vertical and bed
joints shall be filled solid with mortar. Block-work shall be built solidly around joists, lintels, bolts,
pipe sleeves, etc. Cut exposed edges of blocks shall be square and even.
D15: Block-work shall be laid in Stretcher bond. The walls shall be carried up in a uniform manner
with level courses and perpends strictly kept. The height of one course shall equal 230mm, and
joints shall measure approximately 10mm. No one portion of the walls shall be built 1 metre higher
than another at any one time.
D16: In dry weather all blocks shall be well soaked before being used and before work is
recommenced the tops shall be well wetted.
D17: The entire width of the tops of the walls, not being worked upon, shall be protected during
the progress of the work. Tops of walls shall be covered during the construction process.
D18: Hollow blocks filled with solid are to be filled in every course as the work proceeds. Concrete
for filling is to be Grade D as described in Concrete Work.
D19: Fair face surfaces shall be jointed in mortar as the work proceeds and shall be thoroughly
cleaned off with a wire brush on completion. Cleaning shall start at the top of the walls and work
downwards with cracks, holes and other defects located and carefully filled and pointed with
mortar.
D20: Surfaces to receive rendering, etc., shall have the joints raked out to a depth of 9mm.
D21: Movement jointing shall be as described in Concrete Work.
D22: Where BLOCK WORK butts against vertical concrete faces dovetailed steel strips of an
approved make shall be fixed in the formwork to receive bonding ties or butterfly ties out of 6mm
steel rod or approved brick strip reinforcement shall be cast in the concrete for building into the
horizontal joints of BLOCK WORK at not more than 0.3m centres and to suit courses.
23 | P a g e

Chasing
Horizontal chases in walls will not be permitted. Where vertical chases are permitted they shall be
bedded solidly in cement mortar.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

D23: The rates for work in this section shall include for the following and for making good:
(1) Raking out joints to both faces be provide a key for plaster, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Cutting of any description
(3) Cutting or forming grooves, chases, mortices and sinking. Etc. and making good
(4) Cutting and pinning ends of all lintels, steps, timbers, tubular rails, brackets, steel section and
the like.
(5) Providing sample panel of brickwork as specified.
(6) Testing and protection.
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SECTION E:
ROOFING
E1: The whole of the roofing shall be left secure and in a watertight condition. The Contractor
shall ensure that the roof is adequately protected against the movement of the following trades and
reduce such movement to a minimum.
E2: All corrugated sheets and fittings shall be fixed in accordance with manufacturer’s
Instructions and in a manner to permit slight movement in the roof structure without Damage to
the roof covering. Unless otherwise stated the sheets shall be fixed with, and the rates shall include
for, the recommended side and end laps between sheets.
E3: Sheet sizes shall be such that all horizontal laps occur immediately over a purlin.
All holes for fixing shall be drilled in the top of the corrugations.
E4: Purlins must strictly follow the profile of the roof and maintain an even slope over all falls. A
straight gauge shall be provided by the Contractor and the purlins shall be checked in the presence
of the Architect/S.O and the roofing sub-contractor, if such sub-contractor is required in the
contract, before sheeting commences.
E5: Any defective purlins shall be removed or otherwise corrected as directed by the Architect/S.O
before sheeting commences.

Corrugated Roof Sheeting

E6: The sheets shall be correctly mitred and laid with a least 230mm head laps and one and a half
corrugation side laps unless otherwise stated. Exposed edges of laps shall face away from
prevailing winds.
E7: All courses shall be laid with corrugations in straight lines from eaves to ridge; the mitred
corners of sheets shall be properly weathered by the overlapping corrugations of the sheets above.
All fixing holes shall be drilled and not punched and made in the crown of the corrugations and
all cutting shall be neatly done by hand saw.
E8: The sheeting and fittings shall be properly fixed where and as required by means of hooks,
bolts, seam bolts and drive screws with slotted heads. The bolts and screws shall be galvanised
mild steel for asbestos cement and aluminium for aluminium sheeting of approved pattern and of
the dimensions and shapes required to suit the purlins, etc., to which the sheeting shall be fixed.
Bolts shall not be less than 8mm diameter and screws not less than 6mm diameter. All bolts and
screws shall have galvanised steel diamond washers, aluminium washers or lead cup-shaped
washers bedded on felt-asbestos composition washers or plastic washers and no fixings shall be
nearer than 38mm to the edge of a sheet.
E9: Where plastic seals are particularly required to the laps in the roof covering, the laps shall be
sealed with approved bituminous mastic as recommended by the manufacturer unless otherwise
specified.
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Corrugated Aluminium Sheeting

E10: Corrugated aluminum sheeting shall be obtained from Flag Aluminum, Alumaco Or other
approved manufacturer. Unless otherwise stated, the sheeting shall be 0.7mm (22SWG) and with
stucco mill finish.

Aluminum Flashing and Capping

E22: Aluminum flashings and capping shall comply with BS.1470, Super Purity grade With
stucco mill finish. Unless otherwise stated, they shall be 0.9mm thick.
E23: Flashings shall be lapped a minimum 150mm at ends.
E24: Flashings and capping shall be coated in bitumen on the underside before fixing.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

E25: The rates for flashings and the like shall include for the following:
(1) Intermediate laps and seams
(2) Passing’s at ends, angles and intersections
(3) Coating underside in bitumen before fixing.
E26. In addition rates for capping shall include for ends, angles and intersections.

Protection
E27. The rates for all roof coverings and flashings shall include for protection.
26 | P a g e

SECTION F
CARPENTRY AND JOINERY
Quality Timber
F1: All timbers to be approved quality, well seasoned, dry, free from defects and to comply with
BS.4978 and the nomenclature laid down in BS.881.
F2: For carpentry work timber shall be Mahogany, Opepe, Black Afara, Agba or other approved
and shall comply with BS.4978.
F3: For joinery work the timber shall be Mahogany, African Walnut, Iroko, Agba or other
approved and shall comply with BS. 1186, Part 1, and the quality of workmanship shall satisfy the
requirements of BS.1186, Part 2, sections 1 and 2.
The timber shall be well seasoned hardwood of the best quality obtainable, free from all defects,
selected for grain and colour and approved by the Architect/S.O as suitable for the purpose for
which it is to be used.

Preservation of timber
F4: Timber preservative shall be applied to all timbers and be an organic solvent or nonstaining
solution type to BS.1282. The latter shall be used on timber in contact with render or other
decorated surfaces and where the timber is required to receive a painted finish. The backs of
window frames and all timber to be embedded in blockwork, or concrete shall be treated. The
preservative shall be applied after the timber is cut to size and shape. If off-site preservative
treatment is carried out certification shall be presented to the Architect and if on site, prior
notification required to the Architect/S.O.

Wrought Face
F5: All exposed faces of timber are to be wrought unless specifically shown otherwise.
Sizes of wrought timber stated in the Bills of Quantities are finished sizes.

Preparation
F6. The preparation of timber shall commence simultaneously with the beginning of the work
generally, and should proceed continuously until all the woodwork is prepared and stacked in such
a manner that air will circulate freely between. All framed work shall be cut out and framed
together as soon as possible, after the detailed drawings are received, but not glued or wedged up
until ready for fixing.
F7: The joinery work shall be cut out and skeleton framed and stacked on site immediately the
Contractor is given possession of the site and detailed drawings. It shall be carefully stored and
protected from the weather but shall not be wedged up until required for fixing in the building.
Any portions that wrap or develop shakes or other defects shall be replaced with new before being
wedged up.
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Fixing
F8: The fixing and framing of timber generally hereafter described shall include for the provision
of all necessary glue, nails, screws and other fixings to adequately secure the timber in an approved
method and as may be directed.

Framing
F9: Carpentry work shall be properly framed up in a workmanlike manner. Plates shall be halved
at corners and joints in the length of purlins, rafters and the like shall be scarfed and spiked for a
length at least three times the depth of the timber and the joint wrapped with hoop iron. Scarfed
joints shall be made over a point of bearing wherever possible. Wall plates shall be bedded
perfectly level with halved joints and dovetailed lapped joints at all angles. They are to be secured
to walls with 13mm ragbolts at 1.2m centres.

Fabrication
F10: All joinery work shall be accurately set out, framed and executed in accordance with the
detailed drawings and finished in a proper and workmanlike manner.
F11: All work shall be wrought and finished with a clean, smooth and even surface with all
exposed external angles to frames, etc., `arris rounded'.
F12: Allow for keeping the whole of the joinery work including door leaves clean for staining or
polishing until such time as the Architect's requirements regarding decorative treatment are known.
F13: All glued joints shall be properly feather-tongued and all mouldings to framing shall be
properly mitred at angles wherever required.
F14: Adhesives shall be in accordance with BS. 1203 for plywood and BS.1204 for other wood
and be grade W.B.P for both internal and external use.
F15: All members described as plugged shall be fixed with hardwood or other approved plugs or
compound. The plugs shall be at such intervals as will provide adequate fixing to the approval of
the Architect.

Flush Doors
F16: Flush doors shall be constructed in accordance with the material requirements of BS.459,
Part 2 and shall be covered both sides as described and hardwood lipped all round. Skeleton framed
doors shall have sufficient solid blocks for fixing ironmongery.
F17: The rates for fixing doors to metal frames shall include for fixing lift-off half-butts supplied
with the frames.
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Plywood
F18: Plywood shall be of the best quality, weather-proof boiled and bonded, faced both sides with
mahogany and obtained from an approved manufacturer.
F19: The rates for carpentry and joinery work shall include for the following:
(1) Timber in any lengths
(2) All labours
(3) Joints of any description
(4) Hoisting trusses to any height
(5) Treating with the approved anti-termite preservative
(6) Priming back of timber before fixing to concrete or blockwork.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

F20: The rates for carpentry and joinery work shall include for the following:
(1) All labours and joints of any description.
(2) Seasoning and treating with the approved preservative.
(3) Priming back of timber before fixing to walls or other surfaces.
(4) Protection

Ironmongery
F21: All ironmongery and door and cupboard furniture shall be as specified and obtained from
the stated supplier. The contractor shall provide samples of the ironmongery beforehand.
F22: Ironmongery shall be fixed with screws of the same metal and finish as the fittings. All
screws damaged when driving are to be withdrawn and replaced with undamaged ones.
F23. All locks and other fittings shall be oiled and adjusted and left in sound working order.
F24. Prior to the handing over of the works, or any section of the Works, the Contractor shall fit
wooden tabs to each set of keys, clearly showing to which lock they belong and all the sets of keys
shall be delivered to the Architect mounted on a suitable plywood keyboard.
F25: Unless otherwise stated, all locks are to be provided with two keys. No two locks shall be
capable of being operated by the same key, except a master key if specified.
F26: The rates for fixing ironmongery shall include for the supply of matching screws, the
temporary removal of all ironmongery before painting and afterwards re-fixing and for protection.
29 | P a g e

SECTION G
STRUCTURAL STEELWORK
Quality of steel
G1: All steel plates, sections, bars and hollow sections for structural purposes shall be in
accordance with BS.4360, Part 2 grade 43A.
G2: The Contractor, upon request from the Architect/S.O shall supply certificates from the
manufacturer verifying that the chemical constituents of the steel are in accordance with this
British Standard.
G3: The grade of steel shall be that given in Table 2 of BS. 449, for the appropriate stress
requirements.
G4: All structural steel sections shall be in accordance with BS.4, Parts 1 and 2 and BS. 4848, Part
4.
G5: All steel shall be Lloyds tested and free from mill scale rust and pitting.
G6: For the purpose of measurement the weight of mild steel shall be as given in BS.648.

Bolts and Washers

G7: All bolts and nuts shall be black steel bolts and nuts to BS.4190 for dimensions and BS.84 for
screw threads. Lewis bolts and hook bolts etc., shall be as BS.1494. All bolts shall have hexagon
heads and nuts with Whiteworth standard threads unless otherwise required. Washers shall comply
with BS.4320.

Tolerances
G8: The accuracy of dimensions and position of attachment and of fabrication generally shall be
+ 3mm, or whatever greater accuracy the Contractor considers necessary to achieve the erection
tolerances stated below.
G9: The steelwork shall be erected so that the accuracy, position, plumb, level and square of
individual members is within + 3mm of the dimensions and levels shown on the drawings. The
tolerance on the overall length, width and height shall be +6mm in 30m.

Fabrication Generally
G10: Fabrication generally shall be in accordance with BS.449 except where amended or added
to by the following clauses.
G11: Plates, bars, joists and sections shall be true to form and accurately straightened, planed or
shaped as necessary to achieve the tolerances stated.
G12: Steelwork shall be fabricated by an approved specialist firm with as much fabrication as
practicable executed in the manufacturer's works.
30 | P a g e

G13: Where the ends of members bear in compression, they are to be cold sawn and then machined
so that the loads are evenly transmitted over the entire area of the section.
G14: Where the ends of members do not bear in compression, or it is otherwise necessary to cut
the member for notices or holes, cold or hot sawing may be used. Machine gas cutting may only
be used where approved by the Architect/S.O in writing.
Manual gas cutting will not be permitted under any circumstances.
G15: Burrs left by the cold friction or hot saw shall be removed and gas cuts (where gas cutting is
approved) shall be dressed free from oxidized metal to a neat and workmanlike finish.
G16: Fitted stiffening angles or plates to brackets, or flanges of sections, shall be accurately shaped
to fit the profile of the member stiffened.

Bolted Connection
G17: All holes in steel shall be drilled accurately to templates. Burrs and arrises shall be removed
from the edges of holes before the parts are assembled and holes shall not be punched without the
Architect's/S.O's permission. All countersinking shall be concentric and to correct depths.
G18: Bolts in bolted connections shall be of such lengths that a minimum of 6mm of each bolt
shank projects through the nut when tightened.
G19: Drift pins will be allowed only for bringing together the several parts of the structure, etc.,
and are not to be used in such a way as to distort the work or enlarge the bolt holes.
G20: All bolts passing through timber shall be provided with washers under heads or nuts bearing
on timber.
G21: Welding shall be to BS.449, and BS.2642.
G22: Mild steel electrodes for arc welding shall comply with BS.639.

Site Welding
G23: Site welding shall not be permitted without written permission from the Architect/S.O. The
Contractor shall propose methods of site inspection of such welding to satisfy the Architect/S.O
of the integrity of the Work.

Drawings
G25: The Contractor shall prepare erection scheme drawings and calculations and shop details
from the Architect's drawings for approval.
31 | P a g e

Painting before Fabrication

G26: All members to be fabricated shall be shot blasted to Swedish Standard S/S 055900 1962:
Sa 21/2 low profile; or such other as may be instructed by the Architect/S.O, to remove all mill
scale, rust, foreign matter etc., and to achieve a white metal condition over the whole of the surface
area. All loose material and dust shall be cleaned of oil and grease and dirt and thoroughly freed
from moisture.
G27: Within 4 hours of shot blasting, one coat of M.E.P Metal Conditioner (see Painting
Preambles) shall be applied strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and to the
thickness recommended.
G28: Contact surfaces of welded or bolted members shall be prepared and painted with one coat
of metal conditioner before assembly.

Painting after Fabrication

G29: After welding, any damage to the metal conditioner, including that caused by weld splatter,
shall be made good. All edges, arises and exposed ends of steel members shall be coated with an
additional coat of metal conditioner by roller or brush application.
G30: A period of 24 hours shall elapse before the Steelwork is transported to site to allow curing
of the metal conditioner.

Protection of Painted Surfaces

G31: The Contractor shall be wholly responsible for the subsequent protection of the paint system
at works, during transport, storage and erection.
G32: During handling operations, protective measures shall be taken to prevent chains or other
handling appliances coming into contact with the paint system. Each item shall be separated by
suitable wooden spacers from it's neighbours at all times while in storage and during transportation.

Painting after Erection

G33: Any damage to the metal conditioner shall be made good by the Contractor after erection,
by cleaning all damaged areas back to clean metal, ensuring a good bond to the existing primer,
and painting an additional coat of metal conditioner.
G34: If the Contractor wishes to use an alternative Paintwork Specification he shall submit details
to the Architect/S.O for his written approval. Any such alternative Specification shall be such that
at least the degree of protection described above is achieved.

Inspection and Testing

G35: All tests and checks carried out on site shall be in the presence of, or as directed by the
Architect/S.O
G36: The Contractor shall include in his rates for all tests specifically required in this contract.
32 | P a g e

G37: The Contractor shall not be paid for any special tests required by the Architect/S.O in
consequence of his failure to comply with the contract.
G38: In addition to clause 55 of chapter 5 of BS.449, the Contractor shall, on request from the
Architect/S.O in writing, arrange for the testing of any materials and/or workmanship of use in the
permanent works to be carried out either at his works or on site.
G39: The Contractor shall be paid at rates to be agreed, for any other special tests called for by the
Architect/S.O unless the results of the tests prove the material or workmanship to be faulty in any
way and then the cost of the testing will be borne wholly by the Contractor. If the testing proves
the material or workmanship to be satisfactory, the cost of the testing shall be included, at the
discretion of the Architect/S.O.
G40: The cost of tests carried out under Chapter 6 of BS.449 and tests and test certificates to verify
the chemical composition of the steel, must be borne wholly by the Contractor.
G41: It is stressed that the Contractor is wholly responsible at all times for the inspection and
quality control of all materials and all workmanship to be incorporated in the permanent works
and he must in no way reply on any inspection or testing which the Architect/S.O may elect to
carry out.

Work on Site
G42: The Contractor shall carry out all the work involved in unloading, handling erection and any
specified painting and shall provide all the necessary plant and equipment, including any
scaffolding required to carry out these operations.
G43: All materials shall be contained after unloading in an area designated by the Contractor and
approved by the Architect/S.O until such times as they are required for erection.
G44: The Contractor shall be responsible for the stability of the steel trusses during erection and
must take the necessary precautions, by properly strutting and staying the steelwork during
erection and when fixed, to maintain its correct position in the works. Upon completion of erection
and the setting of any grout to beam seatings, etc., all temporary strutting etc., shall be removed
such that the stability of the steelwork is achieved by the method designated in the design.
G45: With the prior agreement of the Architect/S.O in writing, the erection of the steelwork may
be carried out in sections and so offered for inspection.
G46: Details of the method and sequence of erection shall be submitted in writing to the
Architect/S.O at least 21 days before any erection takes place.
G47: When the setting out of the work is offered for inspection to the Architect/S.O, it must be
wholly complete and must have been checked by the Contractor. The Architect/S.O must be given
24 hours notice of the Contractor's wish for inspection.
The grouting up of beam seatings etc., may only take place when the Architect/S.O has approved
the setting out of the trusses. Approval by the Architect/S.O in no way invalidates the Contractual
responsibility of the Contractor in this respect.
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Protection
G48: The Contractor shall be responsible for the protection of the structural steelwork and all
painting thereto, until it is approved, on completion, by the Architect/S.O.
G49: The Contractor shall leave the steelwork after erection in a clean state and shall carry out
any necessary cleaning operations at his own expense.

Generally
G50: Each size of steel section has been given separately and the number of pieces included in
the weight has been stated.
G51: All steelwork has been measured in accordance with the rules for framed steelwork except
that all fittings and connections to steelwork have been measured separately and are not included
in the weight of the item to which they are attached. The term `fittings in connection' shall be
interpreted in its broadest sense and shall include splice plates, bolts (either shop fitted or site
fitted), rivets, gusset plates, base plates and caps, etc.
G52: Lattice girders have been grouped under an appropriate heading and all members given
separately.
G53: High strength friction grip bolts where required are included in the weight of the Fittings
and are not enumerated separately.
G54: The rates for structural steelwork shall include for the following:
1) Hoisting to the heights required. Roof trusses to be wedged up and leveled with and including
steel wedges.
2) Priming before delivery to site.
3) All labours in drilling holes for all trades, bends, ramps, etc.
4) Works or site welding and bolting at all joints and intersections as detailed.
5) Protection.
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SECTION H
METALWORK

General
H1: The standard of material and of workmanship shall not be inferior to the recommendations of
the current British Standards as referred to in these Specifications or to any similar National or
International Standard approved by the Architect.

Steel Sections
H2: Hot rolled sections shall be to B.S. 4 ‘ Structural Steel Sections’ Part 1; and B.S.4848 ‘Hot
Rolled Structural Steel Sections’, Part 4.
H3: Cold formed sections shall be to B.S. 2994 ‘Cold Rolled Steel Sections’.

Aluminum
H4: Aluminum generally shall be in accordance with the following appropriate British Standards
in ‘wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys’.
B.S. 1470 ‘Plate Sheet and Strip
B.S 1471 ‘Drawn Tuibe’
B.S 1473 ‘Rivet, Bolt and Screw Stock’
B.S 1474 ‘Bars, Extruded Round Tube and Sections’.
H5: The aluminium sections shall comply with B.S 1161 ‘Aluminium and Aluminium Alloy
sections’ using the alloy most suitable for the location of the particular member.
H6. Where aluminium is in direct contact with concrete or concrete block is shall be Protected by
first painting with a self etching primer or the concrete shall be painted with two coats of bitumen
to isolate surfaces in contact or shall be spaced off the concrete by plastic packing.

Galvanising Iron and Steel

H7: Unless otherwise described steel and ironwork of whatever kind described to be galvanised is
to be pickled in dilute hydrochloric and acid and then washed fluxed and stored and coated with
zinc by means of dipping in a bath of molten zinc.
H: All articles are to be immersed in the bath only for the time sufficient for them to attain the
temperature of the bath and they are to be withdrawn at such a speed that coating of 500 grams,
per square metre of surface is achieved. The galvanising is to be done in all cases after chipping,
trimming, filling, fitting or bending is completed.
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Every articles is to be covered evenly on all sides, the whole process to be in accordance with the
relevant clauses of B.S. 729, Part 1, ‘Hot Dip Galvanised Coating on Iron and Steel Articles’.
H7: Unless otherwise described steel and ironwork of whatever kind described to be galvanised
is to be pickled in dilute hydrochloric and acid and then washed fluxed and stored and coated with
zinc by means of dipping in a bath of molten zinc.
H8: All articles are to be immersed in the bath only for the time sufficient for them to attain the
temperature of the bath and they are to be withdrawn at such a speed that coating of 500 grams,
per square metre of surface is achieved. The galvanising is to be done in all cases after chipping,
trimming, filling, fitting or bending is completed.
Every articles is to be covered evenly on all sides, the whole process to be in accordance with the
relevant clauses of B.S. 729, Part 1, ‘Hot Dip Galvanised Coating on Iron and Steel Articles’.

Anodised Aluminium
H10: The aluminium alloy members where shown will be anodised in a manner complying with
B.S 3987 ‘Anodised Wrought Aluminium for External Engineering Applications’.
H1: All aluminium sections, panels and accessories and component shall be anodised by ‘Calinal’
25 micron thick.
H12: All anodised aluminium sections, components, rails, bars, mullions and the like shall be
protected by an approved transparent film sprayed on to the completed unit before despatch from
the manufacturer and removed on completion of the works as and when instructed by the
Architect/SO. The transparent film shall be removed by solvent or other approved means which
will not cause any damage to the frame finish or adjacent work.

Manufacture of Metalwork Units

H13: All metalwork components required shall be properly fabricated, cut, wedged and assembled
together in compliance with good practice. All contact surfaces shall fit closely and be square and
true. Welded connections shall be made in the shop and no site welding will be permitted unless
specific approval in writing is given by the Architect/S.O Machine welding is preferred and all
welding shall be carried out by competent and qualified welders complying with all the relevant
British Standards and clauses of these Preambles.

Transport of Units
H16: All metalwork units are to be suitably and carefully prepared, bundled and packed for
shipment and transportation and suitable precautions shall be taken to ensure that the paintings and
protective treatment is not damaged during shipment and transport to the Site.

Insert Fixing for Mechanical Services

H17: The inserts to concrete required for supporting metal components, mechanical and electrical
services equipment, pipes, etc. shall be of the type specified. Those inserts shall be continuous or
short lengths as required complete with self locating nuts and caps. The inserts shall be filled with
36 | P a g e

a polystyrene filler whilst being cast into the concrete structure. Each insert shall be of the size
required to support the loading imposed.

Window and Wall Panels

H18: Windows and wall panels shall generally comply with the specifications stated. The whole
system for the external elevations shall be as approved and shall conform to the following:-
1. Vertical mullions of 90mm deep sections of 2.80 kg of aluminium per linear metre.
2. Horizontal frame of 45mm deep section of 1.60 kg per linear metre.
3. Top sub-frame in aluminium in U-channel to absorb building tolerances.
4. Bottom sub-frame shall be galvanised steel or aluminium section.
H19: The external elevation window and panel system shall withstand a wind pressure of minimum
120 kg/sq.m
H20: The window system for the internal elevations shall be as approved and shall conform to the
following:-
1. Frame, top channel and cill of 45mm deep sections of 1.80 kg per linear metre.
H21: All aluminium sections, panels and accessories are to be anodised to the same colour which
shall be confirmed later.
H22: All other accessories and fixing materials shall be stainless steel.
H23: All working drawings for all glazing and panel details are to be approved by the
Architect/SO.
H24: The Contractor shall supply samples of all materials intended for the external and internal
elevations window element for approval purposes. Such samples shall be supplied within 30 days
of the issue of a letter of intent.
H25: The Contractor is to provide and erect, in the positions indicated by the Architect/S.O on the
existing concrete mock-up structure, a full mock-up of standard external and internal elevation
window elements for approval purposes. Such mock up shall be erected within 90 days of approval
of samples.

Generally
H26: All metalwork and wrought iron work shall be carried out to the details and dimensions
shown on the drawings.
H27: Holes in metal for fixings shall be drilled clean and burrs removed. All countersinking shall
be concentric and to correct depths.
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H28: Bolts shall be fitted with washers under the nuts and with tapered washer under heads and
nuts where such bear on a tapered surface. The threaded portion of each bolt shall project through
the nut at least two threads.
H29: Iron, both cast and wrought, shall be of approved origin, from all defects and castings, etc.
and perfectly true to shape, clean and sharp.
H30: Welding shall be carried out in accordance with BS 1856. Welded joints, angles, etc. shall
be deemed to include for grinding or filling to a smooth finish unless otherwise described.
H31: Welding and brazing shall be carried out by skilled operators using either gas or electrically
operated plant to suit the nature of the work.
H32: Welds shall be continuous fill at welds unless otherwise described.
H33: The rates for welding shall include for all labour, materials, appliances and welding on or
off the site.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

H34: The rates for metalwork shall include for the following:
1. Hoisting to the heights required
2. All labours in drilling for all trades, bends, ramps, etc.
3. Works or site welding and bolting at all joints and intersections as detailed.
4. Protection.

Completion
H35: Protect metals from cement and dirt, clean down all window louver, etc. including slightly
greasing all moving parts and leave all in sound working order.
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SECTION J
FINISHES – FLOOR, WALL AND CEILING FINISHES
General
J1: The standard or materials and of workmanship shall not be inferior to the recommendations
of the current:
B.S.C.P 202 ‘The flooring and slab flooring
B.S.C.P 204 ‘In-situ floor finishes, Part 2’,
B.S.C.P 211 ‘Internal Plastering’, B.S 5492, B.SC.P, 212, Part 2 B.S. Part 1, for wall tiling
B.S.C.P 5262 ‘Code of Practice for External Rendering finishes and the appropriate British
Standards as referred to in these specifications.
J2: Where any conflict exists between the recommendations of the above and the following
specifications, it shall be brought to the attention of the Architect/S.O.

Materials
J3: The cement shall be ordinary Portland cement as previously described in ‘Concrete Work’.
J4: White cement shall be Portland White Cement obtained from a manufacturer or their
accredited agents approved by the Architect/S.O and such cement comply in so far as is
applicable with B.S 12 Portland Cement (Ordinary and Rapid Hardening).
J5: Coloured cement shall be of an approved type and colour and is to have pigments thoroughly
distributed throughout. The quantity of pigments will not exceed 5% by weight of the cement. It
is to be used in accordance with the manufacture’s printed instructions.
J6: Sand shall be as specified under ‘Concretework’ and shall comply with ES C.D5 003 or B.S
1199. The sand is to be approved by the Architect/SO and is to be free from impurities.
J7: Tiles shall be from approved sources and shall conform to the following;-
1. Ceramic floor and wall tiles in accordance with BS 1286 and 1281.
2. Cement floor tiles ES C.D3, 302
3. Terrazzo floor tiles and skirting ES . D3, 303
4. Marble and granite tiles to manufacturer’s instructions

Samples
J8: Samples of all finishing materials are to be provided before ordering and the colour pattern
and quality of all tiles shall be according to approval of the Architect/SO.
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Water
J9: Water is to be as described in ‘Concrete Work’

IN-SITU FINISHES
Cement and Compo Mortar
J10: The components or mortar shall be accurately measured by volume and thoroughly mixed
for a period of no less than two minutes until uniform consistency and colour has been achieved.
In the case of compo mortar, lime and sand shall be mixed prior to the addition of cement, and a
minimum quantity of water shall be used to obtain a workable consistency.
J11: Mortar batches shall be sufficient for use before partial setting occurs; re-tempered mortar
shall not be used.
J12: The components of cement mortar for rendering and floor Screeding shall be cement and
mix proportioned 1:3 by volume unless otherwise specified.

Surface Preparation for Rendering

J13: Rendering shall be applied after chases for services have been cut, services installed and
chases made good.
J14: Surface to be rendered shall be thoroughly washed with clean water before rendering is
commenced.
J15: Where joints exist between two surfaces of different material characteristics, the
Architect/S.O may direct the fitting of wire mesh for reinforcing the rendering.
J16: Both external and internal rendering shall require the running of rules before commencing
the first coat and all rendering shall be plumb.
J17: Dubbing out to make up uneven surfaces of walling shall be done before the first coat of
render is applied.

Surface Preparation for Pointing

J18: Joints of masonry surfaces to receive pointing shall be raked to a depth specified by the
Architect/SO and all mortar shall be removed.
J19: The joints shall be well wetted before the application of pointing.
J20: Any irregularities of joints shall be chased and made good.

Surface Preparation for Screeding

J21: Concrete floors to receive cement screed shall be cleaned thoroughly with clean water.
J22: The surfaces of the concrete shall be kept damp at least for 48 hours.
J23: The prepared surface shall be kept clean and from rubbish and following trades.
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Application of Rendering
J24: The application of mortar to surfaces to be rendered shall be executed using trowel and
wood float in accordance with accepted procedures.
J25: Rendering shall be in one coat finished fair and smooth with a wood or steel float.
J26: Cement rendering shall be wetted for seven days after application of the final coat.
J27: All rises and angles in wall rendering are to be finished straight and true and all rises to
reveals or openings are to be slightly rounded.
J28: Waterproof rendering shall be as described for ‘rendering’ but shall incorporate in addition
an approved liquid waterproofing agent in accordance with the manufacturer’s written
instructions.

Application of Pointing
J29: The application of mortar to joints to be pointed shall be executed using trowel and guide
steel of size smaller than that of the joint.
J30: The joints shall be packed with the specified mortar sufficient enough to give a recess of a
prescribed depth.
J31: After the cement mortar has set, the wall shall be kept wetted for at least three days.
J32: Finished masonry shall be acid washed and finally cleaned with water.

Application of Cement Screed

J33: Standing water or any foreign material shall be removed from the concrete surface.
J34: A slurry bond coat shall be immediately applied after the application of the slurry bond coat.
J35: The mortar bed shall be immediately applied after the application of the slurry bond coat.
J36: Timber beads kept in place by mortar for running of rules shall be placed at 2m intervals to
ensure proper level or falls as the case may be.
J37: The specified mortar shall then be placed between the rules well compacted, levelled off by
straight edge and thereafter worked on with steel trowel.
J38: Cement screed shall be finished smooth even and truly level or to required falls.
J39: Cement screed finish shall be adequately protected against damage from following trades.
J40: Cement screed finish shall be protected from drying up too quickly by keeping it wet for a
period of no less than seven days.
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Tyrolean Rendering
J41: Tyrolean rendering shall be of three coats. The first coat shall consist of one part of cement
to four parts of sand by volume, applied 15mm thick and finished smooth with a wood float.
J42: The two finishing coats shall consist of one part of cement (mixed in the ratio of three parts
ordinary cement to one part coloured cement) to two parts sand by volume, mixed dry in the ratio
of three parts mixture to one part water by volume. The finishing coat shall be applied with a
tyrolean applicator to a total thickness of 7mm. Rises and angles shall be finished straight and
true.

Granolithic Paving
J43: The granolithic paving shall be not less than 50mm thick and shall be composed of one part
cement to 2.5 parts of granite chippings by volume. The chippings shall be of size 6.4mm down
and free from dust and graded such that 20% of fine material shall pass a 4.76mm sieve.
J44: The materials shall be mixed for a period of not less than 1.5minutes. Each batch shall be
discharge from the mixer completely before batch is introduced. No extra water or other material
shall be added to the mix after it has left the mixer.
J45: The concrete floor slab to receive the granolithic paving is brought to the necessary level
and the granolithic mix is laid over to the right thickness and levels and fully compacted by
means of a hand tamper weighing not less than 7.5 kg pe3r metre run or a power float used in
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
J46: Where the paving is required to be held monolithic with the slab, the mix shall be laid over
the slab while the slab is still green (i.e. not more than 4 – 5 hours after laying slab).
J47: It shall be laid in bays not exceeding 1 square metre including the use of ebonite dividing
strips.
J48: Full compaction must be maintained along edges and in corners. After the granolithic has
been placed, levelled and fully compacted. It is to be trowelled at least three times at intervals
during the next 6 – 10 hours so as to produce a uniform and hard surface with a high resistance to
abrasion. Any laitance is to be removed before trowelling.
J49: After the paving has matured is to be polished with carborundun polishing machine to an
approved fine smooth true surface without uneveness or blemish.
J50: A sample room shall be carried out initially and, when approved, shall be held as the
standard for the remainder of the work.

In-situ Terrazzo Paving

J51: In-situ terrazzo paving shall be 50mm overall thickness comprising an in-situ topping not
less than 25mm thick laid on a screeded bed, consisting of one part cement to three parts sand by
volume, while the screeded bed is still plastic.
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J52: The topping shall consist of one part coloured cement to two parts marble chips. The chips
shall be graded from 22mm down to 3mm and shall contain no dust or fine material.
Technical Specifications
J53: The materials shall be mixed with care to ensure uniformity. The aggregate shall first be
thoroughly mixed, then the coloured cement added and whole blend together whilst dry. Care
shall be taken to avoid heaping the mixture as this tends to separate the larger chippings. The
water should be added in a fine spray as mixing continues. It is important that the water to
cement ratio is kept as low as is practicable to prevent excess shrinkage on drying and to
minimise the risk of cracking and shall be least needed for proper workability.
J54: It shall be laid and executed in bays not exceeding 1m x 1m or as directed including the use
of ebonite strips. Tower to a dense even surface, free from holes and blemishes, care being taken
to avoid bringing excessive cement to the surface.
J55: It shall be ground with an approved abrasive stone, filling all holes with matching cement,
to produce a smooth and later machines polished using lead pads or other approved methods to
produce a highly polished surface.
J56: The work shall be free from hair-cracks or grazing visible with the aid of a lens under a
bright light, or visible shrinkage cracks at the dividing strips and corners of sections, surface
powdering or any pitting due to aggregate coming of the surface.
J57: A sample room shall be carried out initially and, when approved, shall be held as the
standard for the remainder of the work.
J58: The rates shall include for free colour selection of cement and marble chips and providing a
sample room.

Cement and Sand Paving

J59: Cement and sand paving shall consist of one part cement to three parts sand by vlume
prepared and laid as described for granolithic paving.

Screeds (Beds and Backing)

J60: Beds under floor finishes and backing behind wall finishes shall be composed of 1 part of
cement to 3 parts of sand. The materials are to be mixed thoroughly dry and only sufficient water
added to give a stiff mix.
J61: The surface of the concrete floor slab or wall is to be left rough and well wetted before the
application f the bed or backing.
J62: Beds are to be laid on the concrete floor slab to thickness not less than 25mm or as
necessary to achieve correct finished levels. Full compaction must be maintained at the edge and
corners.
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J63: Finish the beds with a steel trowel or wood float or hair brush to provide a light and even
texture suitable for the proper adhesion of the final surface finish. Beds are described as screeded
trowelled or floated depending on the final surface finish to be applied.
J64: Backings shall be applied in one coat as described for rendering to a finished thickness of
12mm unless otherwise stated.
J65: Keep beds and backing moist and shaded from direct sunlight until hardening and curing as
completed.

Concrete Sub-base
J66: Before the application of paving or beds, the concrete sub-floor shall be prepared by
completely removing laitance by mechanical or manually by picks to expose clean coarse
aggregate particles. All traces of dust as a result of hacking etc. to be removed and the sub-floor
is to be thoroughly wetted with clean water.

Non-slip Surfaces
J67: Where surface of paving or beds are required to be non-slip, they shall carborundum powder
sprinkled on at the rate of 1.25 kg per sq. metre and well trowelled in before paving sets.

TILE SLAB OR BLCK FINISHES

PVC Floor tiles
J68: PVC tiles shall be from an approved manufacturer with a minimum thickness of 1.6mm.
Fixing shall be with an approved adhesive in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Clay Facing Slips and Floor tiles

J69: Clay facing slips and clay block floor tiles shall be from an approved manufacturer. They
shall be beded and jointed in cement mortar (1:3) and pointed in tinted cement on match.

Dividing Strips
J70: The dividing strips shall be 6mm thick ebonite strip cut in lengths as required. They shall be
bedded in the beds and to finish flush with the finished floor level. Dividing strips are to be
provided between different floor finishes, perimeter of bays and skirtings.
J71: Dividing strips are not measured separately in this document. The price inserted for pavings
are to include for their provision wherever required.

Alignment
J72: Where dimensions are not an exact multiple of the title, slab or block dimensions used for
the ceilings, walls or floors, they shall be so cut that equal margins at both or all sides of the
rooms as the case may be.
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Precast Terrazzo
J73: Precast terrazzo tiles shall have a top finish at least 19mm thick cast in conjunction with a
cement and sand backing. The terrazzo finish and backing shall be mixed at the same time and
the whole moulded in steel moulds pressure 3.5 N/mm2 (500 ib/sq in) and properly cured before
use. It shall consist of the properly graded aggregate as described for in-situ terrazzo.
J74: After hardening, the surface shall be rubbed down and polished by machine with stones.
J75: The rates shall include for free colour selection by the Architect/S.O precast terrazzo tiles
shall be bedded jointed in cement mortar (1:3) and pointed in coloured cement.

Precast Concrete Slabs

J76: Precast concrete slabs shall be compiled of concrete Grade 20 as described in concrete work
and in accordance with B.S. 368, natural colour laid on sand and jointed with cement mortar
(1:4) Unless otherwise stated the surface finish shall be textured.

Laying of Tiles
J77: Tiles shall be bedded solidly and laid ensuring alignment symmetry in relation to centerline
of floors fixtures and other equipment on floor.
J78: Unless specified, tiles shall be laid with continuous joints and grouted with ordinary or
coloured cement slurry.
J79: Tiles shall be accurately cut and fitted to doors, thresholds, walls, openings, projections, etc.
J80: Finished tile work shall be perfectly true and level or to even falls as required.
J81: Finished tile work shall be soaked kin clean water and taken out just before use.
J82: Colour, type and quality of tiles shall be according to the approval of the Architect/S.O
J83: Terrazzo and marble tiles shall be ground by machine with carborundun stone and polished
to satisfaction of the Architect/S.O
J84: Floor tiles and mortar bed shall be continuously wetted by sand trap or other approved
method for at least 7 days immediately after initial setting.
J85: Tiles shall be free from flaws, edges squarely cut and when laid side by side shall be
brought to hairline.

Protection
J86: All work is to be adequately covered up and protected until the completion of the works.
J87: The whole of the flooring to be cleaned off and left in a sound and perfect condition to the
satisfaction of the Architect/SO.
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Rates in Bills of Quantities

J88: The rates for in-situ finishes of any description including beds and backings shall include
for the following and for all making good.
1. Applying to any type of base, including preparation of base, and any necessary dubbing out.
2. Work in small isolated areas.
3. Labours to all edges, ends, angles, arises and the like and dishing around gullies, outlets and
the like.
4. Cutting or forming grooves and the like
5. Work at all heights
6. Extra labour working up to frames and the like
7. Provision of dividing strips as required.
8. Protection.
J89: The rates for all and sheet finishings shall include for the following ands for all making
good.
1. Applying to and preparing any type of base
2. Laying in patterns and work at all heights.
3. Work in small and isolated panels or bays
4. Cutting of any description and cutting, fittings or notching round pipes, tubes, bars, cables,
conduits and the like.
5. Protection
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SECTION K
GLAZING
K1: The glass is to be types and qualities specified, complying in all relevant respect with B.S
952
K2: All glass shall be free from bubbies, smoke waves, air holes, specks, scratches and other
defects, true and even and representative of the quality specified.
K3: All clear and obscured glass shall be 4mm thick unless otherwise stated and shall be of the
best quality for glazing purposes.
K4: Plate glass shall be approximately 6mm thick of the float type and of the best quality for
glazing purposes.
K5: Louvre blades shall be 5mm thick of clear sheet glass with rounded and polished edges.
K6 Putty for glazing in metal frames shall be quick hardsetting tropical putty, specially
manufactured for use with metal windows.

Cutting and Fixing

K7: All glass shall be cut accurately and fitted to the intended position as shown on drawings
within a tolerance of 2mm per 3mm of the thickness.
K8: Edge clearance shall be equal, all round each pane, and no more than 2 mm ply, and where
puttied, shall be clipped to metal frames.
K9: Glass shall be set tight and true and fixed in such a manner as to preclude any rattling of the
glass. Glazing, clips, heads, stops angles shall be accurately set and firmly fixed.
K10: All glass shall be bedded in putty or glazing compound as per manufacturer’s instruction
and shall be run straight and all corners carefully made.
K11: Glazing rebates shall be printed before puttying and the putty shall be finished with a neat
fillet and made perfectly watertight.
K12: Any putty or mastic which falls to dry out or set correctly shall be finished with a neat fillet
and made perfectly watertight.
K13: Glazing shall be wind and water tight on completion.

Cleaning
K14: Smears and excess compound and sealant shall be removed and cracked or poorly executed
putty shall be removed and replaced.
K15: Both faces of glass and glazing and metal surfaces shall be cleaned with approved cleaner
and the surfaces left free from scratches.
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K16: Thoroughly clean all glass on both sides and replace all cracked or defective glass as
directed.

Protection
K17: Protect all glazed work from subsequent trades.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

K18: The rates for glazing shall include for:
1. Priming, sealing rebates etc. as recommended
2. Springs, clips, distance piece, etc.
3. Aligning of adjacent panes in wired or pattern glass work
4. Protection
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SECTION L
PAINTING AND DECORATING
Generally
L1: The standard of material and of workmanship shall not be inferior to the recommendations of
the current BS CP 231 ‘Painting of Buildings’ and the appropriate British Standards as referred
to in these specifications.
L2; All paints are to be synthetic paints ready mixed for use and are to comply with the general
clauses of Section 2 of BS 929.
L3: All paints shall be delivered to the site intact in the manufacturer’s drums and tins. No
dilution of the paint will be allowed except strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
L4: Paint for undercoats shall be obtained from the same manufacturer as paint for the finishing
coat and shall be manufacturer’s recommended undercoat for that finish.
L5: Knotting is to be an approved patent knotting or shellac to conform to B.S. 1336.
L6: Stopping is to be ‘Polyfilla’ or other equal and approved used strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.
L7: Priming paints are to be approved patent primers of appropriate type to suite material being
paint and all in accordance with B.S 2521 – 4. Priming paint for non-ferrous metals is to be an
approved zinc chromate primer and for woodwork is to be aluminium primer.
L8: Where timber is to be left with a clear finish, apply at the time of delivery to site one coat of
ICI sanding sealer.
L9: No painting shall be carried out during rain, fog or when condensation is likely to occur. No
coat of paint shall be applied until the previous coat has hardened. The minimum period between
the application of successive coats shall be 16 hours and a longer period shall be allowed in
adhesive drying conditions or when slow hardening materials are used.
L10: Provide the necessary scaffolding trestles and protection to structures during painting
operation.

Preparation of Surfaces
L11: Rendered surfaces shall be sanded smooth and cleaned to the satisfaction of the
Architect/SO. Minor defects, cracks and holes after cutting out as necessary shall be made good
as appropriate and rubbed down flush with surrounding surface.
L12: Efflorescence shall be brushed off as it appears and all decoration deferred until it ceases.
Moulds and other fungi growth shall be treated with approved fungicidal liquid before painting.
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L13: Bar iron and steelwork including sheeting and pipe shall be thoroughly prepared by
removing all dirt, rust, grease and loose mill-scale to the satisfaction of the
Architect/S.O Certain meal surfaces may require chemical treatment with approved compound
manufactured for cleaning purposes in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions.
L14: All necessary puttying of nail holes cracks shall be done after the first coat with putty
colour to match that of the finish. Putty or other approved patching shall be made flush with
adjoining surfaces and when dry shall be sanded smooth and sealed before application of a
priming coat.
L15: All metal fittings or fastening devices, sockets outlets and switches shall be removed before
the preliminary painting process is commenced, cleaned and put in position on completion of
painting work.

Workmanship
L16: All surfaces shall be dry and prepared to the satisfaction of the Architect/S.O before any
priming or decorating is carried out.
L17: All surfaces shall be primed with the correct primer for the type of surface.
L18: Any work fixed in inaccessible position shall receive the full number of coats before fixing.
L19: Paints shall be thoroughly stirred up and used from the original containers.
L20: Thinners shall be used only where necessary and according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. Paint shall not be adulterated in any way, and different type or brands of paint shall
be mixed together.
L21: Surfaces not to be painted, e.g. switches, ironmongery, etc. shall be masked or removed and
replaced when paint is dry.
L22: Surfaces shall be evenly coated and free from runs, sags, skins, grit and bristles.

Floors shall be protected from droppings.

L23: Woodwork to be painted shall be knotted, prime and stopped in the workshop before
delivery to the site as soon as possible on site and stored out of the weather. All top, bottom and
side edges of joinery shall be given the full number of coats specified.
L24: Metal delivered to site primed shall be thoroughly inspected when received, all
unsatisfactory primping removed and the surfaces prepared and primed with primer.
Damaged priming is to be touched up after preparation. A further inspection of the priming shall
be carried out after the metal work has been erected and defective areas prepared and printed.
L25: The painting shall be done in a good and workmanlike manner and finished to tints chosen
by the Architect/S.O Each undercoat shall be rubbed down with glass paper and cleaned down
before the application of the following coat. Each coat shall be dry and hard before the
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application of the next coat. No paint shall be applied to any surface of which there is the
slightest moisture.
L26: On completion remove all drips, splashes and over paints to edges. Touch up and make
good. Remove all finger marks and dirt.

Sample Panels
L27: Sample panels shall be prepared by the Contractor for inspection and no painting shall be
done until such samples have been approved.

Application of Painting Materials

L28: All brushes, paint rollers, spraying equipment kettles, etc. used in carrying out the work
shall be clean and thoroughly recleaned before being used for a different type of material.
L29: All liquid paints shall be thoroughly stirred to a uniform consistency when containers are
opened and before being transferred to paint kettles.
L30: Paste paints shall be beaten up thoroughly as directed by the manufacturer prior to thinning.
L31: Oil paint shall be thinned, only exceptionally when by agreement, up to 5 percent of white
spirit by volume being added to maintain the paint in a working consistency.
L32: PVA emulsion paint shall be thinned with clear water for the first coat according to the
porosity of the surface to be painted, but in any case not exceeding 50 percent by volume.
Subsequent coats shall not be thinned.
L33: Water paints and distempers shall be thinned to a proper working consistency using clean
water and shall be strained from lumps before use.
L34: Priming coats shall be applied by brush to give a coat of adequate thickness with no
mission and to satisfy the porosity of the surface. The priming shall be well worked into the
surface joints, angles and other places where moisture is likely to collect.
Steelwork surfaces shall be primed on the same day as cleaned.
L35: Priming coats applied off-site that have suffered from exposure on the site or in transit shall
be touched up or reprimed as necessary before undercoating. Where there is a doubt as to the
adequacy of the primer to fully satisfy the porosity of the surface, the Architect/SO may direct
repriming.
L36: Primer for structural steelwork exposed to weather or aggressive environment shall be zinc-
based epoxy rein paint and the top coat of polyurethane-base epoxy resin paint.

Painting Woodwork
L37: All woodwork to be painted shall after knotting, stopping and priming be painted with one
coat of undercoat and two coats of gloss finishing coats.
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L38: Any damage areas of paint shall be made good to the full depth of the damage as the work
progresses and properly feathered into the satisfaction of the Architect/S.O

Varnishing Woodwork
L39: All woodwork to be varnished shall be stopped with stopping to match the colour of the
wood and shall be rubbed down to give an even silky finish using fine sandpaper.
L40: For external woodwork, four coats of clear gloss vanish shall be applied and three coats for
internal woodwork.
L41 Each coat shall be allowed to dry and lightly rubbed down with fine sandpaper before the
subsequent coat is applied.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

L42: The rates for painting and decorating shall include for the following:-
1. Painting of opening edges of doors and windows.
2. Preparation of surfaces and preparation between coats
3. The removal of door and window furniture, switch covers and the like before preparatory
processes are commenced and for refixing on completion.
4. Work in multi-colours and cutting in edges of flush surfaces.
5. Selection by the Architect/S.O of any stock colours and freedom for him to specify the
products of any paint manufacturer.
6. Provision of scaffolds trestles, etc.
7. Protection.
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SECTION M
ELECTRICAL WORKS
Extent of Electrical Works
M1: The electrical works shall include the supply, delivery and erection of all plant equipment,
fittings and accessories, including final testing for the installation of electrical services in
accordance with these specifications, schedules and drawings and the supply authority’s
regulations.
M2: All electrical drawings shall be read in conjunction with the latest architectural structural
and service drawings prior to commencing work at all stages of work.
M3: During electrical installation, special attention shall be paid to areas where the electrical
gear must be placed in relation to working tables, wall units, cabinets, patterned walls or ceilings,
kitchen areas, etc.
M4: The Contractor shall form chases, holes and ducts in walls, ceilings, floor slabs, beams,
joists, etc. as applicable and make good all work affected. The cost will be deemed to be
included in the rates.
M5: The use of British Standard or Codes of Practice or other standards in this document is
intended to indicate the nature and quality of the items called for in clear and concise manner.
Should the Contractor wish to make use of material, equipment or practices no covered by these
standards, then written approval of the Architect/S.O must be obtained before any work is
commenced or orders placed. The Contractor shall provide details of the alternative with reasons
for the offer to change.
M6: The electrical installation shall satisfy and conform to all relevant aspect of the Latest
edition of IEE wiring regulations and electrical installation regulation in Public buildings.

Plant and Equipment

M7: Before putting any plant or apparatus into operation the Contractor shall satisfy himself as
to be correctness of all connections between the plant and the apparatus that may be in existence
or be supplied under the Contract.
M8: The Contractor shall include in his tender for all works necessary to bring the plant fully
into operation before offering the installation for handover to the Client, all in accordance with
the details contained herein.
M9: The Contractor shall provide all necessary test equipment to carry out running tests on the
installations and shall prove that equipment as installed fulfils the design conditions and
specifications. Any visits required to be made by manufacturers of equipment supplied shall be
included in the tender.
M10: Materials or items specified of proprietary manufacturer may be submitted by materials of
different manufacturer provided that such substitutes are in all respect equal to the original
specification and that the Architect/S.O prior written approval is obtained to all substitutions
53 | P a g e

effected. In assessing any proposed substitution the Architect/S.O will give consideration to all
characteristics of the materials or item such as quality, method of application or fixing, weight,
colour, shape, association or connection with other items, supply evidence of all characteristics.
Substitution will not be allowed unless it can be shown that the substitute’s item will be equal in
all respects to the item specified.
M11: The Contractor shall, at times to be agreed with the Architect/SO and Client, instruct the
client’s staff in the use and correct operation of the works including emergency procedures. The
Contractor shall satisfy himself that such staffs are competent to take over the installation on
completion.
M12: Notwithstanding that suppliers may have been named by or approved by the Architect/S.O,
it shall be the Contractor’s responsibility to ensure that all materials and components are up to
specification in respect of manufacture, finish and performance.
M13: The Contractor shall liaise with nominated specialist firms working on the site to ensure
co-ordination with other trades and services. Particular attention should be paid to the terms and
conditions set out by specialist firms. If these terms and conditions differ from the terms and
conditions herein the Contractor shall be responsible for the fulfilment of any condition not met
thereby.

Wiring Diagrams
M15: The Contractor shall provide writing diagrams in respect of all electrical equipment and/or
systems which form part of the Works. Such wiring diagrams shall be accurate, fully
comprehensive and shall co-ordinate the manufacturer’s data in respect of individual items of
equipment so as to present, as a whole, the complete information for any inter-connected group
of such items. The Contractor shall be responsible for the accuracy of such diagrams and shall be
liable for all costs arising from any errors in them.
M16: The Contractor shall employ labour of quality adequate for the installation of the work to
the high standard indicated in the documents.

‘As Installed’ Drawings

M17: Record and ‘As Installed’ drawings and documents shall be provided, all in accordance
with the details contained herein.

Standard of Materials
M18: All material employed in electrical works shall be in accordance with the latest edition and
amendments of the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA) specification. However, if it is
desired to offer equipment or electrical materials complying with other national standards, they
shall be subject to the prior approval of the Architect/S.O.
M19: protective finishes must be provided on all materials and equipment used on the electrical
works to ensure that no deterioration is caused by local climatic conditions.
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M20: Adequate storage and protection of materials on site shall be provided as may be necessary
to ensure that on completion all items are handed over in completely sound condition with all
protective finishes undamaged.
M21: The interior fittings in all distribution boards and control units shall be painted with a
varnish containing a fungus inhibitor.
M22: All unused holes in distribution boards and similar equipment shall be plugged to exclude
dust and vermin. Where ventilation is necessary, the relevant holes shall be covered with fine
mesh wire screens prevent the entry of insects and vermin.
M23: Electrical materials shall be as specified unless the phrases “or equal” appears when the
specialist installer may substitute an item of equivalent technical quality, price, workmanship and
appearance after approval by the Architect/SO.
M24: Before installation, samples of such items shall be submitted to the Architect/S.O for
approval. Rejection of any sample submitted shall not reduce the specialist installer’s
responsibility to complete the works using approved materials within the contract period.
M25: Where proprietary goods, materials, or processes are specified to be used, such goods,
materials, or processes shall be fixed, used, or carried out in strict adherence with the instruction
of the suppliers thereof and such instructions or directions shall be treated as if they formed part
of this specification.

Fixing
M26: Builder’s work entails forming chases, holes and ducts in walls, ceilings, floor slabs,
beams, joists, etc. as applicable and trench laying of pipe ducts for electrical and telephone works
shall all other allied electrical services. The cost of these shall be included in the rates.
M27: All apparatus fittings and accessories shall be fixed in position with the full number of
correct size of fixing bolts, screws, etc. as catered for by the manufacturer of the apparatus and as
appropriate to the surfaces to which they are fixed.
M28: Plastic plugs of the proprietary type shall be used where plugs are required for fixing
equipment to increase block or concrete walls. All holes for plugs shall be rotary drilled.
M29: Cadmium plated steel screws shall be used for fixing into these plugs and no account will
brass screws is permitted.
M30: For heavier fixings into brickwork or concrete galvanised bolt projecting – type anchor
bolts of Messrs Hilti or similar shall be used and these shall be grouted into the concrete or
blockwork as necessary.
M31: Galvanised ragbolts shall be used for fixing floor mounted equipment. All loose nuts,
bolts, washer, etc. used for installations shall be galvanised.
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Mounting Heights
M32: Except where otherwise detailed on the drawings, all accessories and fittings shall be fixed
at the following heights from the finished floor level.
1. Distribution boards 1.9 metre to centre line of board. This height shall also apply to switch
fuses and call bell to be 2200mm above finished floor level.
2. Lighting fittings – 2.3 metres, switches – 1.370 metres.
3. Sockets (general) 300mm above finished floor level or work top
4. Sockets in maintenance workshop 1.370 metre.
5. All 13A switch sockets outlets shall be fixed at a mountain height of 1400mm above finish
floor level
6. All 15A (A/C) switch socket outlets shall be fixed at a mountain height of 1400mm
above finished floor level.
M33: Distribution boards, switchgear and mechanical plant shall be labelled showing the area
and services fed from them, and where not otherwise immediately obvious, their source of
supply. The engraving shall be in white 5mm high letters on black trafolite sheet or equal and
shall be fixed to the lids of apparatus by screws or rivets.
M34: All control switches, insulators, starters, etc. shall be labelled to indicate the items or
apparatus controlled, the supply voltage and phase.
M35: Where socket outlets and/or single phase isolation in any one room or area are connected
to more than one phase, all such outlets and isolators shall be labelled to indicate the phase to
which they are connected, and where required by the Architect/S.O, a warning label shall be
provided and fixed as directed to indicate the presence of 380 volts between outlets on different
phases.

Circuit Lists
M36: All distribution board shall be equipped with complete circuit lists which shall be typed on
stiff cards held in transparent compartments fitted inside the covers of each distribution board.
M37: The lists shall indicate the circuit reference, the current rating and the service.

Painting and Finishing

M39: In general all equipment and materials supplied shall be either painted or galvanised
M40: Metal to be painted shall be printed with the correct primer and painted with three coats
gloss paint in accordance with the Architect/S.O. instructions.
M41: All paintwork which has been damaged during transport or erection shall be repainted to
match.
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Site Clearance, Cleaning and Tests

M42: Any excavation necessary for the structures or erection of poles shall be agreed with the
Architect/SO and the surplus soil shall be disposed of and the site left in a tidy condition.
M43: Before commissioning, all debries and dirt produced during installation shall be cleaned
out and it shall be ensured that all electrical equipment are thoroughly clean.
M44: All equipment shall be subject to inspection and test on site as requested by the
Architect/SO or his representative. All tests shall be carried out at the contractors expense and in
the presence, and to the satisfaction of the Architect/SO and at such time as he may require.
M45: The Contractor shall serve all notices on the supply authority for testing, pay all fees in
connection therewith, and should any additional charges be made for retesting, they shall be paid
to the contractor.
M46: The specialist installer shall carry out tests applicable to the relevant standard and such
additional tests considered necessary by the Architect/SO so determine that the equipment
complies with that standard.
M47: Results of tests for each item of equipment or installation shall be recorded and submitted
to the Architect/SO Three copies of all tests certificate shall be forwarded to the Architect/SO for
his retention. Submission of test certificates shall not relieve the specialist installer of his
obligation.
M48: Any installation will not be accepted nor a certificate of completion issued until such tests
have been approved by the Architect/SO.
M49: The specialist installer shall supply all equipment and test instrument for carrying out the
tests.
M50: Results of tests as detailed hereunder shall be submitted to the Architect/SO
1 Insulation resistance tests to each and between phases on the whole installation when
completed in accordance with NEPA regulations.
2. Insulation loop impedance and earth electrode resistance tests in accordance with the
requirement of NEPA regulations.
3. Correct phase rotation of the entire installation.
4. Polarity of switches and switch socket outlets included in the lighting and smaller power
installation.
M51: The specialist installer shall provide the Architect/SO not later than two months from the
completion of the Works.
1. Information records and diagrams giving the detailed arrangement of the installation, and
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2 Two copies of manufacturer’s maintenance operating instructions, including drawings

diagrams spare parts recommendation for all equipment supplied under the contract.
M52: During the progress of the job the specialist installer will be required to keep on site a set
of prints on which he shall keep up-to-date details of the information from which his final record
drawings will be prepared. These drawings shall be available at any time for inspection by the
Architect/SO and particularly before such conduits etc. are concealed.

Conduit Installation
M53: Conduit shall be approved best quality galvanised tubing or heavy gauge plastic to the
appropriate BS standards. They shall not be less than 20mm diameter and shall be of even bore
or free from defects and other flaws.
M54: Adequate conduit boxes, junction boxes, covers and other accessories shall be provided to
ensure that cables can be easily drawn into position. Bends shall be made using correct size
bending springs according to the conduit diameter.
M55: For flush installed conduit boxes, suitable temporary plugging to prevent the ingress of
plastic or concrete during construction shall be supplied and fixed. This plugging shall be left in
the outlet boxes for as long as it necessary and practical.
M56: Concealed conduits shall be so cast into beams and slabs as to ensure that they are
positioned accurately in the middle third of the beam or slab. Conduit joints must be adequately
sealed to prevent liquid cement from leaking into the conduit system.
Positioning of conduits to be cast in shall be agreed with the Architect/SO prior to commencing
work.
M57: Where conduits cross expansion joints of the building, expansion couplers shall be fitted
across the joint at right angles. A 4 sq.m earth wire shall be installed between the two conduit
boxes situated on either side of the expansion joint.
M58: The conduit system is to be electrically and mechanically continuous and shall provide an
unbroken enclosure of the wire cables throughout the installation particularly where connections
are made between the conduit system and the enclosures of other equipment, like switches,
outlets, switches, outlets, switchgear, turning, etc.

Cable Installation
M59: Cables drawn into conduits shall be copper conductor. PVC insulated non-armoured
single-core at least 600 volts grade.
M60: All wiring shall be from point to point, jointing will not be permitted.
M61: Wiring shall be on the ‘loop-in’ system and on ‘T’ or other joint will be used. The live and
neutral conductors of the same circuit shall always be drawn into one conduit. Difference
services, e.g lighting, power, cooking, general services, etc. shall be run in separate conduits.
58 | P a g e

M62: Cables from separate distribution boards and consumer units shall be such as to permit
easy drawing in and out and future extension.
M63: The number and size of cables drawn into a conduit shall be such as to permit easy
drawing in and out and future extensions.
M64: The number of size of cables drawn into a conduit shall be such as to permit easy drawing
in and out and future extensions.
M65: All runs of cable between one terminal and another throughout the whole of the installation
must be installed without intermediate joints.

Underground Cables
M66: Where is necessary to cable to be installed underground to enter building, these shall be
contained in ducts. These ducts will be installed such that their ends shall be sealed with wooden
plugs or appropriate size to prevent the ingress of soil, on removal of these plugs, roding and
cleaning of the ducts shall be carried out, and after drawing cables, through the ducts, the ends
shall be sealed with a mastic compound.
M67: Underground ducting shall be installed correctly according to requirements and purpose
and shall be liaised closely with NEPA and communication authorities to ensure adequate
information concerning easy bends, directions of runs, etc.
M68: The incoming ducts shall be 200mm diameter concrete run at 60mm below ground level
and shall terminate within the buildings with a 1 meter radius bend.

Termination of Cables
M69: Armoured cables shall be terminated with the appropriate glands. The specialist installer
shall drill and tap for the installation of the glands where necessary and the glands shall be filled
with PVC shrouds filled with waterproof plastic compound and made fast to the cable with PVC
tape.
M70: The contractor is to carry out all work of terminating the cables supplying weather proof
plastic compound PVC shrouds filled with waterproof plastic compound and made fast to the
cable with PVC tape.
M71: Unless specifically indicated otherwise all cables shall have copper conductors.
M72: When lugs are soldered to cable ends, any exposed conductor shall be taped with PVC
tapes to the thickness of the original insulation, the taping being taken partly over the barrel of
the cable lug. The colour of these tapes shall be the same as the original insulation.
M73: Cable joints shall only be made to the Architect/SO’s direction and all such joints shall be
made strictly in accordance with the cable manufacturer’s recommendations for the cast-resin
system, using only materials approved by them.
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M74: When used with pinched screw type terminals, the strands of cable ends shall be well
twisted together to make a conductor as solid as possible. Single strand cables shall not be used
with pinched screw type terminals.

Installation of Underground Cables

M75: Cables shall be taken off drums with the drum supported on a spindle and cable drum
jacks. Where feeding cable into horizontal routes, the cables shall be run off the underside of the
drum, and where feeding to a manhole, cable shall be run off the top of the drum.
M76: Care must be taken to break the rotation of the drum preventing cable turns on the drum
from running loose.
M77: Cables shall not be dragged over the ground concrete or other surfaces but must be
adequately supported on roller and/or manhandled into position.
M78: The specialist installer shall provide an 8 cm layer of finely sifted soil or sand in the
bottom of the trench on top of which the cable shall be laid. A further 8cm layer of finely sifted
soil or sand shall be laid on top and approved type interlocking cable over tiles placed on top of
this layer.

Distribution Boards
M79: All miniature circuit-breaker distribution boards shall be as approved and shall be metal
clad and surface mounted, all parts shall be rust-proof and stove enamelled.
M80: The specialist installer shall supply and install the distribution boards in the position
indicated on the drawings.
M81: All distribution boards shall be surface flush and/or floor mounted and shall be complete
with integral insulator.
M82: The distribution boards shall be complete with all necessary gland plates, cable entries,
fixing brackets and supports suitable for the cable specified and the location indicated.
M83: Unused spare switch units shall be fitted with moulded plastic cover strips. Full facilities
shall be provided within the panel for the fitting of future additional circuit breakers. Depending
on the final sub-circuit, breakers shall be single pole for single phase line to neutral and triple
pole for three phase.
M84: Wiring shall be PVC insulated cables with copper conductors, 1000 V Grade constructed
according to VDE 0250/3.69 drawn into surface mounted heavy gauge steel conduit surface
mounted steel trunking and concealed plastic (PVC) conduit as applicable and described.

Miniature Circuit Breakers

M85: The miniature circuit breaker (M.C.B) shall be of approved manufacture
M86: The M.C.Bs, shall comply with the following requirements.
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1. On the triple pole miniature circuit breakers, each pole shall be a separate tripping mechanism,
the toggle assemblies of all three poles shall be internally mechanically linked for simultaneous
isolation of all three poles under fault conditions and be so arranged that the overload tripping
characteristics and calibrations of each pole shall be completely unaffected by the loading of its
neighbouring pole or poles.
2. The time delay tripping mechanism and calibration shall be unaffected by fluctuation and high
ambient temperature. The M.C.Bs shall not trip through the overload protection at full load but
shall detect and isolate a sustained load of 35 above rated load at 35 degrees C.
3. All circuit breakers in the range of 100 – 500 amps shall be high rupturing capacity (HRC)
fuse links with base. Above 500 amps, circuit breakers shall be magnetic type.

Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers

M87: All Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCB) shall be of approved manufacture

Earthing General
M88: The installation of the earthing system shall be in accordance with NEPA Regulations.
M89: The specialist installer shall supply, install and connect all equipment necessary for an
efficient earthing system.

Earth Continuity
M90: The entire electrical installation together with the armouring or metallic sheathing of all
cables shall be electrically continuous throughout, forming a completely bonded earth system.
All apparatus of parts thereof not solidly connected thereto in an approved manner by copper
conductors shall be by substantial bonding clamps.
M91: The third pin of all switched socket outlets, the metallic part of all lamp holders and all
switch boxes shall be effectively earthed.
M92: All conduit boxes shall be drilled and tapped to a size not less than M6 for earth
connection by means of a cadmium plated terminal type washer or equivalent and fixed by a
cadmium plated brass screw.
M93: The specialist installer shall ensure that every complete earth loop circuit comprising
conduits, cable sheaths, core conductors, etc. shall have an impedance value not exceeding that
laid down in the latest edition of NEPA Regulations.

Switch Connection
M94: Every single-pole switch shall be inserted on to the line only. If a switch is connected to
the earthed conductor, it shall be a linked switch.
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Electric Motors
M95: Every electric motor shall be provided with starting and stopping device. The devices shall
be placed in a way that will facilitate ease of operation by the person in charge of the motor.
M96: All motors must be provided with overload and time lag devices. The motors and starters
shall also have independent or group isolating switches.
M97: When a motor is to be mechanically coupled to the load it drives, it is essential to align the
axes of the shafts for direct coupling and/or of the pulleys for belt drives.
M98: Motors exceeding ½ HP must have starters in which under-voltage protection and starter
current limiting devices are incorporated.
M99: Lift or elevator motors shall be connected to separate switchfuses. The circuits shall be
clearly labelled ‘Lift’ or ‘Elevator’. Separate trailing cables shall be provided for the conductors
feeding the lift motor, the control circuits and for any low voltage signalling device.

Temporary Installation
M100: A temporary installation is one intended to serve permanent electrical service installed.
However, temporary installations must be completely overhauled at least every three months.
M101: To avoid hazards on building site, temporary installations shall be designed to the same
standard as permanent installations. Only cables may be fixed for temporary purposes, provided
they are protected against mechanical damaged and dampness, and are not liable to be touched
by unskilled persons.
M102: All switches on temporary installations must be of the double-pole type.
M103: Adequate lighting must be provided wherever there are obstacles, pitfalls, etc.
M104: All portable lamps must consist of properly insulated headlamp with insulated guard
Precautions against Fire and Explosion
M105: Cables designed for high temperatures only must be installed in ducts or in areas where
the ambient temperatures exceed the following values (B.S)

Type of Impregnated Silicon Mineral

Insulation Rubber PVC Paper Rubber Insulation
Max. Temperature of duct or area in degree Celsius (oC) 55 65 75 145 145
M106: If the temperature exceeds 145 degrees C, special heat-resistant cables must be employed.
M107: In boiler house and the likes where cables are connected to thermostat, immersion heaters
or other apparatus fitted near to or on the boiler itself, the main wiring may be made in standard
cables in conduits. Any connection adjacent to the boiler shall be made with heat-resistant cable
enclosed in flexible metallic conduit to allow easy removal of thermostat or other apparatus
when required.
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M108: For area exposed to acids or alkalis, it shall be necessary to employ pre-insulated ables
preferably on porcelain cleats. Metal covering should be avoided. Steel conduits or other systems
using ferrous metals should also be avoided in the vicinity of sea-water.
M109: Conductors which are exposed to inflammable surroundings shall be constructed or
protected by adopting methods that adequately prevent danger or equipment people or premises.
M110: In installing conductors in any building, all necessary precautions must be made so that
there are no gaps or holes in walls or floors which help the spread of fire.
M111: Unless suitably protected, no apparatus shall be installed in places exposed to water, oil,
steam, vapour or to any form of mechanical damage.

Telephone Sockets Installation

M112: The contractor shall supply and install a complete conduit system to facilitate the
installation of telephone system as indicated on the drawings. The conduits shall be as described
earlier and shall be provided with adequate draw-in boxes and draw-in wires.
M113: The wiring, supply, installation and commissioning of the telephone/intercom equipment
shall be a separate contract to be executed by others except where otherwise provided.

Fire Alarm System

M114: The Fire Alarm system shall be both manual and automatic. It shall consist of detectors,
control panel/standby battery-plus-charger (24V d.c) and fire alarm bells.
M115: Manual detectors shall be break-glass type, Thorn EMI Protech or approved equivalent.
M116: Automatic detectors shall be ionization smoke detector type. Thorn EMI Protech or
approved equivalent.
M117: Fire Alarm bells shall be the 150 mm diameter dome shaped type, Thorn EMI Protech or
approved equivalent.
M118: The fire alarm control panel shall be complete with battery and charger and supervisory
and visual indicators to monitor all alarm initiating points of the building.

Rates inclusive
M119: The Contractor shall include in the rates he inserts in the Bills of Quantities for all items
requested for under the foregoing clauses.

Rates in Bills of Quantities

M120: The rates for all pipework and ductwork shall include for:-
1. Joints and couplers in the running length and standard pipe supports (e.g clips saddles, pipe
hooks, holderbat and brackets).
2. Connecting to fittings etc.
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3. Short length, short running lengths, sockets

4. Cutting and pinning in, plugging and screwing or nailing of brackets, hangers or other
supports.
5. Forming or cutting all holes, cutting away and for all subsequent making good.
6. Provision of pipe sleeves where pipes pass through walls or floors, etc.
7. Protection and testing.

EXTRA ELECTRICAL WORKS

BULBS AND FLUORECENTS

L1 BULBS

Description: 1 x 60 watt, wall bracket fitting c/w tube

Size: 1 x 60w

Number 10 x 3

L2 BULBS

Description: 2 x 50w ceiling fitting, verandah

Size: 2 x 50w

Number: 11 x 3

L3, L5, L6, L7, L8 BULBS

Description: 1 x 40w Surface mounted slim section fluorescent batten fitting with three
position rotating end-caps.

Size: 1x 40w

Number: 40 x 3

L4 BULBS

Description: 1 x 60w downlight screw neck, bulk head fitting, bath and toilet rooms

Size: 1 x 60w

Number: 9x3
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CEILING FANS AND CONTROL SWITCH

Ceiling fans L3, L5, L6, L7, and L8

Description: 65W Newcline ceiling fan

Size: 65W

Number: 20 x 3

CONTROL SWITCH

Description: Ceiling fan’s Control Switch

Size:

Number: 20 x 3

SWITCH AND OUTLET SOCKETS

Switch

1 gang, I way switch,

Description: 10A, 1gang, 1way switch model large rocket switch legrand; CAT.NO.614321

Size: 10A

Number: 7x3

2 gang, 2 way switches,

Description: 10A, 2gang, 2way switch model large rocket switch legrand; CAT.NO.614322

Size: 10A

Number: 8x3

3 gang, 2 way switches,

Description: 10A, 3-gang, 2way switch model large rocket switch legrand; CAT.NO.614321

Size: 10A

Number: 1x3
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SOCKET OUTLETS

Single switch socket outlets

Description: 13A, single switch socket outlet Neon light mounted at 300mm above finish floor
level low legrand model socket CAT.NO.614265

Size: 13A

Number: 11 x 3

Twin switch socket outlets

Description: 13A, Twin switch socket outlet Neon light mounted at 300mm above finish floor
level low legrand model socket.

Size: 13A

Number: 6x3

CABLES

Material: Copper conductor

Description: Cables drawn into conduits shall be copper conductors, PBC insulated, non-
armoured single-core 600 volts grade.

Size: 600 Volts Grade

DISTRIBUTION BOARDS

Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) distribution boards shall be metal clad of number of ways and
capacities as shown on the relevant drawings. Flush or surface mounted as specified and fitted
with earthen busbar and hinged covers. Circuit breakers incorporated in this distribution boards
shall be individual moulded cases with magnetic hydraulic time delay mechanism and a 25%
spare ways made available

ELCB (60A MCCB TPN)

Earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs) where ELCBs are installed for use as a main
switch/breaker, such shall be of the make, type and rating as specified on the relevant drawings,
and will be voltage operated.
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SECTION N
MECHANICAL WORKS
Water Closet and Cistern

Description: Low level wash down WC with white glazed pan in P-Tray, solid plastic seat, and
covered 9litres Cistern with ball valve, flush master.

Size:

Number: 6x3

Wash-hand Basin

Description: 560 x 410 x 310 Amitage shank (WHB) wash hand basin, white glazed with
13mm hot-cold crame plated water pillar tap, 32mm bottle trap bracket, chain and plug.

Size:

Number: 3x3