Questions on appropriate notation and symbols

1) According to national data on the sleeping habits of adults, the amount of sleep per
night of all U.S. adults follows a normal distribution with a mean of 7.5 hours and a
standard deviation of 1.2 hours. A study surveyed a random sample of 700 U.S.
adults and found that their average amount of sleep per night was 6.85 hours with a
standard deviation of 1.88 hours. Fill in each of the blanks below with the
appropriate number based on the information listed above.

n = _________700____________ σ = _________1.2___________

µ = _________7.5____________ s = __________1.88_________

𝑥𝑥̅ = ________6.85______________

2) According to data recorded over many years, 12% of the population in North
America is left-handed. A random sample of 4,500 North Americans were surveyed
and 500 of the survey responders reported that were lefthanded. Enter 𝑝𝑝̂ and p as
decimals rounded to three decimal places.

n = ________4500_____________

𝑝𝑝̂ = ________500/4,500 = .111____________

population proportion (p) = ______.12_______________

Page 1 of 23
Questions on normal random variables

For the following three problems (1. – 3.), suppose the scores on an exam in a large class are
normally distributed with a mean μ = 81 points (out of 100), and standard deviation σ = 5
points.
1) The instructor decides to set the "failing" score at 70, so anyone who scored below a
70 has a failing score. What proportion of exams will have failing scores? Show all
work, use the provided Standard Normal Table (Z table), and show the proportion as a
decimal rounded to four decimal places.

We need to find the proportion of exams below 70, given that the mean exam score is μ = 81
and standard deviation σ = 5. Drawing a diagram can help.

P (X < 70):

We convert from the given X value to a z-score.

z-score for X = 70:

z = (x - µ)/ σ = (70-81)/5 = -2.2
Round z-scores to 2 decimal places: z = -2.20

When we convert to a z-score, we are standardizing the x value. A Standard Normal, or Z,

distribution is a normal distribution with µ = 0 and σ = 1. The shaded area below represents the
probability we are looking for in a Standard Normal, or Z distribution. Note how it is the same
area as the shaded area above for P (X < 70). The reason that we convert to z-scores is so that
we can find the probability using a Z table.

P (Z < -2.2)

Page 2 of 23
Then we use the Z-table to find the probability.
P (Z < -2.2) = .0139

2) What is the exam score (in points out of 100) for an exam whose z-score is 2.25? Show all
work and round your answer to two decimal places.

z-scores are calculated by z = (x - µ)/ σ

So if we know a z-score = 2.25, then

2.25 = (x-81)/5
x = 81 +2.25(5) = 92.25

3) What proportion of exams will have scores above 87? Show all work, use the provided
Standard Normal Table (Z table), and show the proportion as a decimal rounded to four
decimal places.

We need to find the proportion of exams above 87, given that mean exam score is μ = 81 and
standard deviation σ = 5. Drawing a diagram can help. The shaded area below represents the
probability we are looking for:

P (X > 87):

We convert from the given X value to a z-score.

z-score for X = 87:

z =(x - µ)/ σ = (87-81)/5 = 1.2
Round z-scores to 2 decimal places: z = 1.20

The shaded area below represents the probability we are looking for in a Standard Normal, or Z
distribution. Note how it is the same area as the shaded area above for P (X > 87).

P (Z > 1.2):

Page 3 of 23
Then we use the Z-table to find the probability. But remember that the Z table we use in
STAT100 always gives us P (X < x). So we need to subtract the value in the Z-table from 1.
P (Z > 1.2) = 1 – P (Z < 1.2) = 1 - .8849 = .1151
4) Which is the correct interpretation of a value x that has a z-score of -0.75 (negative 0.75)?
(Highlight the correct answer)
i. There is 75% chance of getting a value smaller than x
ii. There is 75% chance of getting a value larger than x
iii. There is 75% chance of getting the value x
iv. x is .75 standard deviations above the mean
v. x is .75 standard deviations below the mean

5) The diameters of trees in a large forest are normally distributed with a mean diameter of
14.4 inches and a standard deviation of 4.6 inches. What is the probability that a randomly
selected tree is between 10 and 13 inches in diameter? Show all work, use the provided
Standard Normal Table (Z table) and give the probability as a decimal rounded to four
decimal places.

We need to find the probability that a randomly selected tree is between 10 and 13 inches in
diameter, given that mean diameter of 14.4 inches and standard deviation is 4.6 inches.
Drawing a diagram can help. The shaded area below represents the probability we are looking
for:

P (10 < X < 13):

Page 4 of 23
We convert from the given X values to z-scores.
z-score for X = 10:
z =(x - µ)/ σ = (10-14.4)/4.6 = -.9565
Round z-scores to 2 decimal places: z = -.96

z-score for X = 13:

z = (x - µ)/ σ = (13-14.4)/4.6 = -.3034
Round z-scores to 2 decimal places: z = -.30

The shaded area below represents the probability we are looking for in a Standard Normal, or Z
distribution. Note how it is the same area as the shaded area above for P (10 < X < 13). The
reason that we convert to z-scores is so that we can find the probability using a Z table.

P (-.96 < X < -.30):

We use the Z-table to find the probability by subtracting P (X < -.30) - P (X < -.96)
A diagram may help to see why we do this:
P (X < -.30) - P (X < -.96)

Page 5 of 23
= P ( -.96 < X < -.30):

Then we use the Z-table to find the probability.

P ( -.96 < X < -.30) = P (X < -.30) - P (X < -.96) = .3821 - .1685 = .2136

6) Suppose the scores on an exam in a statistics class are normally distributed with a mean μ =
78 points (out of 100), and a standard deviation of σ = 7 points. If a student received a 75 on
the exam, what percentile would this test score be? (You can round the percentile to the
nearest whole number). Show all work and use the provided Standard Normal Table (Z
table).

We need to find the percentile for a test score of 75 if the mean exam score is μ = 78 and
standard deviation σ = 7. So we basically need to find the proportion of exams less than 75.
Drawing a diagram can help. The shaded area below represents the percentile for a test score of
75.
P (X < 75):

We convert from the given X value to a z-score.

z-score for X = 75:
z = (x - µ)/ σ = (75-78)/7 = -4285
Round z-scores to 2 decimal places: z = -.43

The shaded area below represents the probability we are looking for in a Standard Normal, or Z
distribution. Note how it is the same area as the shaded area above for P (X < 75).

P (Z < -.43):

Page 6 of 23
Then we use the Z-table to find the probability.
P (Z < -.43) = .3336
Then convert to a percent and round to the nearest whole number: = 33.36% = 33%.
So a test score of 75 is in the 33rd percentile for this class.

7) Suppose high school GPAs of female students are normally distributed with a mean μ =
3.40 and a standard deviation σ = 0.50. High school GPAs of male students are normally
distributed with a mean μ = 3.23 and a standard deviation σ = 0.54. Which would be more
likely: a female student with a high school GPA of at least 4.0, or a male student with a
high school GPA of at least 3.75? Show all work and use the Standard Normal Table.

Probability of female GPA higher than 4.0:

P(X>4.0)
z=(4.0-3.40)/0.50=1.20
P(Z>1.20) = 1-0.8849=0.1151

Probability of male GPA higher than 3.75:

P(X>3.75)
z=(3.75-3.23)/0.54 = 0.9623
P(Z>0.96) = 1-0.8315=0.1685

Male GPA higher than 3.75 is more likely

Page 7 of 23
Questions on confidence intervals

1) A survey was given to a random sample of 283 American teens aged 16 to 17. Of the 283 surveyed
teens,74 indicated that they had sent a text message while driving. Compute a 90% confidence
interval for the population proportion of teens aged 16 to 17 who have sent a text message while
driving. Show all work, and round all decimals that you use to three decimal places.

90% confidence interval for the population proportion p:

𝑝𝑝�(1−𝑝𝑝�)
𝑝𝑝̂ ± 1.645�
𝑛𝑛
(.2615(1−.2615)
=(74/283) ± 1.645 �
283
= 0.2615 ± (.043)

= (.2185, .3045).

2) A researcher would like to estimate p, the proportion of U.S. adults who support a constitutional
amendment requiring a balanced federal budget. If the researcher would like to create a 95%
confidence interval for p with a margin of error (m) of 0.03, what sample size should be used? Use
the simplified formula, show all work, and round your answer up to the next whole number (e.g.,
round 54.267 to 55).

We would like our confidence interval for the population proportion, p, to be a 95% confidence interval
with a margin of error (m) of 0.03.
1 1
Use the simplified formula n = 2 . Thus n =
𝑚𝑚 2 = 1,111.11 = 1,112
(.03)

3) A random sample of U.S. college students found that 59 out of the 630 students surveyed were a
member of a sorority or a fraternity. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of U.S.
college students who are a member of a sorority or a fraternity. Show all work and round your
answer to three decimal places.

95% confidence interval for the population proportion p:

�(𝟏𝟏−𝒑𝒑
𝒑𝒑 �)
� + z* �
𝒑𝒑 (can use either z* = 2.0 or z* = 1.96)
𝒏𝒏

� = 59/630 = .094
𝒑𝒑

.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎(𝟏𝟏−.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎))
.094 + 2 � = .071 and .117
𝒏𝒏

(.071, .117)

Page 8 of 23
4) The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is an examination for prospective law school students.
Scores on the LSAT are known to have a normal distribution and a population standard deviation of
σ = 10. A random sample of 250 LSAT takers produced a sample mean of 502. Compute a 99%
confidence interval for the population mean LSAT score. Show all work, and round all decimals
that you use to three decimal places.

99% confidence interval for the population mean when σ is known:

σ
𝑥𝑥̅ + 2.576*
√𝑛𝑛
10
502 + 2.576 * ( )
√250
(500.371, 503.629)

5) The size of hamster litters (the number of hamsters born in each litter) are known to be normally
distributed with a population standard deviation of σ = 2.4. For a random sample of 59 hamster
litters, the average number of baby hamsters in a litter was 6.17 baby hamsters. Compute a 95%
confidence interval for the population mean number of hamsters born in a litter. Show all work and
round all decimals that you use to three decimal places.

95% confidence interval for the population mean when σ is known:

σ
𝑥𝑥̅ + z* (can use either z* = 2.0 or z* = 1.96)
√𝑛𝑛
2.4
6.17 + 2.0 * ( )
√59
(5.545, 6.795)

Page 9 of 23
6) The mean number of weekly hours that U.S. adults use computers is normally distributed with a
population standard deviation of σ = 3.0 hours. Suppose we would like to compute a 99%
confidence interval for the mean number of weekly hours that U.S. adults use computers, and that
we want the margin of error (m) for the confidence interval to be 0.5 hours. How large of a sample
would we need? Use the appropriate sample size formula, show all work, and round your answer up
to the next whole number (e.g., round 54.267 to 55).

We want a 99% confidence interval for the population mean with a margin of error (m) of 0.50.
𝑧𝑧 ∗ 𝜎𝜎 2
Use the sample size formula for population mean: n =( )
𝑚𝑚
2.576(3.0) 2
n=( ) = 238.89 = 239
.50

7) A large supermarket chain wanted to estimate μ, the mean number of items purchased by its
customers per visit. A random sample of 100 customers was chosen and it was found that the
average number of items purchased was 24.1. The sample standard deviation was 3.2 items.
Compute a 99% confidence interval for μ, the mean number of items purchased by its customers per
visit. Show all work and round your answer to two decimal places.

99% confidence interval for the population mean when σ is unknown:

s
𝑥𝑥̅ + t*
√𝑛𝑛
Can use z confidence multiplier because n>75
3.2
24.1 + 2.576 * ( )
√100
23.28 and 24.92
(23.28, 24.92)

Page 10 of 23
8) In a recent study of 500 randomly selected statistics students, students were asked the number of
hours per week they spend studying for their statistics class. The results were used to compute
confidence intervals for the population mean hours per week spent studying. The 90% confidence
interval was (7.7, 8.3). What is the sample mean hours per week spent studying for the 500
randomly selected students? Show all work and explain how you determined your answer.

All confidence intervals for the population mean are centered around 𝑥𝑥̅ , the sample mean. Thus the
midpoint of either confidence interval (7.7, 8.3) or (7.5, 8.5) is 𝑥𝑥̅ . You can find the midpoint of two
numbers by calculating the average of the two numbers:

𝑥𝑥̅ = (8.3 + 7.7)/2 = (8.5 + 7.5)/2 = 8.0

9) 500 randomly selected statistics students were asked to provide the number of hours per week they
spend studying for their statistics class. Based on the sample data, a 99% confidence interval was
computed for the population mean hours per week spent studying. The 99% confidence interval was
(7.4, 8.6). In this 99% confidence interval, what is the margin of error (m)? Your answer should be a
numeric value. Show all work and round your answer to one decimal place.

The margin of error for any confidence interval is equal to half of the width of the confidence
interval. Thus the margin of error for this confidence interval (7.4, 8.6) = (8.6 - 7.4)/2 = .6

10) Based on data collected from a random sample of 225 LSAT takers, a 95% confidence
interval for μ, the population mean LSAT score, was calculated to be (149.78, 152.36). For
this confidence interval of (149.78, 152.36), what is the sample mean LSAT score? Show
all work and round your answer to two decimal places.

All confidence intervals for the population mean are centered around 𝑥𝑥̅ , the sample mean. Thus the
midpoint of the confidence interval (149.78, 152.36) is 𝑥𝑥̅ . You can find the midpoint of two numbers by
calculating the average of the two numbers:

𝑥𝑥̅ = (149.78 + 152.36)/2 = 151.07

Page 11 of 23
11) Based on sample data, a 90% confidence interval was computed for the population mean
hours per week spent watching television. The 90% confidence interval was (5.6, 7.0). In
this 90% confidence interval, what is the margin of error (m)? Your answer should be a
numeric value. Show all work and round your answer to one decimal place.

The margin of error for any confidence interval is equal to half of the width of the confidence
interval. Thus the margin of error for this confidence interval (5.6, 7.0) = (7.0 – 5.6)/2 = .7

12) If you were to use the same sample data from the previous question, which interval below
could be the 99% confidence interval for the population mean hours per week spent
watching television? (Circle the correct answer)

a. (6.1, 7.5)

b. (5.2, 7.4)

c. (5.9, 8.0)

d. (5.7, 6.9)

e. (5.7, 7.2)

Page 12 of 23
Questions on sampling variability

1. The idea of sampling variability is that:

a) there is variability within the selected sample since it includes individuals who differ from one
another.
b) there are different methods for choosing a random sample.
c) sample sizes can vary.
d) no two random samples from a certain population are identical; samples vary from sample to
sample.

Random samples vary from sample to sample and therefore statistics (which are
calculated from the sample) change from sample to sample.

Page 13 of 23
Questions on hypothesis testing logic

1) Suppose that the p-value of a test is 0.005. Which of the following is correct regarding the
conclusions we can draw? (Circle the correct answer)
i. We can reject the null hypothesis at a significance level of 0.01 but cannot reject the null
hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05
ii. We can reject the null hypothesis at both at a significance level of 0.01 and at a
significance level of 0.05
iii. We can reject the null hypothesis at a significance level of 0.05 but cannot reject the null
hypothesis at a significance level of 0.01
iv. We cannot reject the null hypothesis at both at a significance level of 0.01 and at a
significance level of 0.05

2) A psychology graduate student designs a research study and conducts a hypothesis test. In
general, which of the p-values listed below would most likely result in her rejecting the null
hypothesis?

a) A negative p-value
b) A very small p-value
c) A very large p-value
d) The p-value has no impact on rejecting the null hypothesis

3) According to a study completed in 2006 by Pew Internet, 37% of all Americans had a broadband
Internet connection at home. A statistics student wanted to see if this percentage is different for
students at his university and performed a hypothesis test using the following null and alternate
hypotheses:

H0: p = 0.37
Ha: p ≠ 0.37

Based upon the data the student collected, a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion
p was found to be: (0.25, 0.32). At a significance level of .05, which conclusion can be made?

a) The student cannot reject Ho, since 0.37 falls within the interval.
b) The student can reject Ho, since 0.37 falls within the interval.
c) The student can reject Ho, since 0.37 does not fall within the interval.
d) The student cannot reject Ho, since 0.37 does not fall within the interval.

Page 14 of 23
Questions on the z-test for the population proportion

1) According to a study completed in 2006 by Pew Internet, 38% of all Americans had
a broadband Internet connection at home. A statistics student wanted to see if this
proportion is different for students at her school, Techstrong University. A random
sample of 1,700 Techstrong University students were surveyed and 600 of the 1,700
students reported that they had a broadband Internet connection at home.

Perform a two-sided hypothesis test to test the claim that the proportion of students
at Techstrong University with a broadband Internet connection at home is not equal
to the proportion for all Americans. Use a level of significance of α = .05.

a. State the null and alternate hypotheses.

H0: p= 0.38
Ha: p ≠ 0.38

b. Check that the conditions for this test have been satisfied. You can assume that the sample is
random. Show all work.

Need to check that np0 ≥ 10 and n (1-p0) ≥ 10.

np0 = (1700)(.38) = 646

646 ≥ 10

n(1-p0) = (1700)(.62) = 1054

1054 ≥ 10

Test conditions satisfied

c. Calculate the sample proportion (𝑝𝑝̂ ) for this test. Show all work and round all decimals that
you use to three decimal places.

� = 600/1700 = .353
𝒑𝒑

d. Calculate the test statistic using the formula below. Show all work and round all decimals
that you use to three decimal places.

Page 15 of 23
 𝑝𝑝�− 𝑝𝑝0
z=
𝑝𝑝 (1−𝑝𝑝0 )
� 0
𝑛𝑛

0.353−0.38
z=
0.38(1−0.38)
�
1700

z = -2.294

e. Draw a diagram showing where the test statistic would be located in a distribution assuming
that the null hypothesis is true. Shade in the region under the curve which represents the p-
value for this test.

Generated in Minitab, so slightly different p-value due to rounding:

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3
Density

0.2

0.1

0.01090 0.01090
0.0
-2.294 0 2.294
X

Page 16 of 23
 f. Use the Standard Normal Table to determine the p-value. Show all work and express the final
p-value as a decimal rounded to four decimal places.

The test statistic is a z-score, so can use the Standard Normal Table (Z table). This is a two-sided test
with Ha: p ≠ 0.38 so we want to find 2 * [P(Z ≤ -2.29)]

From the Standard Normal Table, P (Z ≤ -2.29) = .0110

2 * P (Z ≤ -2.29) = .0220
Final p-value is 0.0220

g. Draw a conclusion for this hypothesis test and give the reason for the conclusion. Use a level
of significance of α = .05. Interpret the conclusion in the context of the variable and situation.

.0220 < .05, so because the p-value < α, we reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence in
our sample to conclude at a significance level of .05 (α = .05) that the proportion of students at
Techstrong University with a broadband Internet connection at home is not equal to .38.

Page 17 of 23
 2) A smart phone company has a 1-year manufacturer’s warranty on the device. The company
considers the overall quality to be acceptable if less than 8% are returned within 1 year. The
company randomly tracks 250 phones that have been used for 1 year. They find that 11 of them
were returned or repaired due to manufacturer’s defect within the first year. With this data, we
test the following hypotheses at the 5% significance level.

H0: The proportion of phones that are defective is equal to 0.08.

Ha: The proportion of phones that are defective is less than 0.08.
OR
H0: p = 0.08 Ha: p < 0.08

a) Is this a two-sided test or a one-sided test? Explain why.

One-sided test because the alternate hypothesis is written with a < symbol, rather than a ≠ symbol.

b) Check that the conditions of this test have been satisfied. You can assume that it is a random
sample. Show all work.

Need to check that np0 ≥ 10 and n (1-p0) ≥ 10.

np0 = (250)(.08) = 20
20 ≥ 10

n(1-p0) = (250)(.92) = 230

230 ≥ 10

Test conditions satisfied

c) Calculate the test statistic for this test. The formula for the test statistic is:
𝑝𝑝�− 𝑝𝑝0
z=
𝑝𝑝 (1−𝑝𝑝0 )
� 0
𝑛𝑛

Show all work and round any values to three decimal places.

Page 18 of 23
 𝑝𝑝�− 𝑝𝑝0
z=
𝑝𝑝 (1−𝑝𝑝0 )
� 0
𝑛𝑛

0.044−0.08
z=
0.08(1−0.08)
�
250

z = -2.098

d) Draw a diagram showing where the test statistic would be located in a distribution assuming that
the null hypothesis is true. Shade in the region under the curve which represents the p-value for
this test.

Generated in Minitab, so slightly different p-value due to rounding:

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3
Density

0.2

0.1

0.01795
0.0
-2.098 0
X

Page 19 of 23
 e) Use the Standard Normal Table to determine the p-value for this test. Explain how you
determined the p-value.

test statistic z = -2.098 (round to 2 decimal places for the Standard Normal Table)
The test statistic is a z-score, so can use the Standard Normal Table (Z table). This is a one-sided test
with Ha: p < 0.08 so we want to find P(Z ≤ -2.10)

From the Standard Normal Table, P (Z ≤ -2.10) = .0179

The p-value for this test is .0179

f) Draw a conclusion for this test and explain why you arrived at your conclusion. Use a level of
significance of α = .05. Interpret the conclusion in the context of the variable and situation.

.0179 < .05, so because the p-value < α, we reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence in
our sample to conclude at a significance level of .05 (α = .05) that the proportion of phones that are
defective is less than 0.08.

Page 20 of 23
 3) Below is a table with Minitab output summarizing the counts and percents for the On_campus
variable (students were asked if they live on campus, so this table indicates that 33.6% of
students in the sample do live on campus).

On_campus Count Percent

No 924 66.3793%
Yes 468 33.6207%
N= 1392

You will perform a two-sided hypothesis test for a population proportion. You need to test
whether 70% of all statistics students do not live on campus.

a) State the null and alternative hypotheses for your two-sided hypothesis test for the population
proportion.

H0: p= 0.70
Ha: p ≠ 0.70

b) Check that the conditions of this test have been satisfied. You can assume that it is a random sample. Show all
work.
Need to check that np0 ≥ 10 and n(1-p0) ≥ 10
1392(0.7) = 974.4 which is greater than 10
1392(0.3) = 417.6 which is also greater than 10
Test conditions satisfied

c) Calculate the test statistic for this test. Recall that the formula for the test statistic is:
𝑝𝑝�− 𝑝𝑝0
z=
𝑝𝑝 (1−𝑝𝑝0 )
� 0
𝑛𝑛

Show all work and round any values to three decimal places.

𝟎𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔−𝟎𝟎.𝟕𝟕 −𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
z= 𝟎𝟎.𝟕𝟕(𝟎𝟎.𝟑𝟑) = = −𝟐𝟐. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
√ 𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

d) Draw a diagram showing where the test statistic would be located in a distribution assuming that the null
hypothesis is true. Shade in the region under the curve which represents the p-value for this test.

Page 21 of 23
Generated in Minitab, so slightly different p-value due to rounding:

Distribution Plot
Normal, Mean=0, StDev=1

0.4

0.3
Density

0.2

0.1

0.001689 0.001689
0.0
-2.931 0 2.931
X

e) Use the Standard Normal Table to determine the p-value for this test. Explain how you determined the p-
value.

test statistic z = -2.931 (round to 2 decimal places for the Standard Normal Table)
The test statistic is a z-score, so can use the Standard Normal Table (Z table). This is a two-sided test
with Ha: p ≠ 0.70 so we need to find 2 * [P(Z ≤ -2.93)]

From the Standard Normal Table, P (Z ≤ -2.93) = .0017

2 * P (Z ≤ -2.93) = .0034
Final p-value is 0.0034

f) Draw a conclusion for this test and explain why you arrived at your conclusion. Use a level of significance of
α = .05. Interpret the conclusion in the context of the variable and situation.

p-value is .0034
significance level of α = .05
Because the p-value < α, we reject H0
There is sufficient evidence for us to conclude that the proportion of students who live off campus
does not equal 70%

Page 22 of 23
The sample provides sufficient evidence for us to conclude that the proportion of statistics students
that do not live on campus is not 70%

g) Compute a 95% confidence interval for the population proportion of your categorical variable and
interpret your confidence interval in the context of the variable.

�(𝟏𝟏−𝒑𝒑
𝒑𝒑 �)
� ± 2.0 (�
Formula for 95% confidence interval for p: 𝒑𝒑 )
𝒏𝒏

𝟎𝟎.𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔(𝟎𝟎.𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)
0.664±2*√ = (0.639, 0.689)
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
We are 95% confident that the proportion of statistics students who do not live on campus
is between 0.639 and 0.689, or between 63.9% and 68.9%.

h) Does the value of p0 from your hypothesis test fall within the confidence interval you computed in
the previous question? How does this relate to the conclusion of your hypothesis test?

The value of p0 , 0.7, falls outside the confidence interval, so we reject H0 . 0.7 does not fall within
the range of possible values for the true population proportion.

Page 23 of 23