Universiti

I U I

Malaysia
y PAHANG Engineering Technology . Creativity

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL & NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE : TRANSPORT PROCESSES

COURSE CODE : DKK1493

LECTURER : MD. NOOR BIN ARIFIN

SIT! HATIJAH BINTI MORTAN
DATE : 03 JANUARY 2013

DURATION : 3 HOURS

SESSION/SEMESTER : SESSION 2012/2013 SEMESTER I

PROGRAMME CODE : DCE

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. This question paper consists of FOUR (4) questions. Answer ALL questions.
2. All answers to a new question should start on new page.
3. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:

1. APPENDICES

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of TEN (10) printed pages including front page.

CONFIDENTIAL DCE/121311DK11493

QUESTION 1

Consider a 1.5 m high and 2.4 m wide double-pane window consisting of two 3 mm thick
layers of glass (k = 0.73 W/m.K) separated by a 12 mm wide stagnant air space (k =
0.026 W/m.K). Determine the steady state of heat transfer through this double-pane
window and all temperature interfaces if its inner surface for a day during which the
room is maintained at 21°C while the temperature of the outdoors is -5°C. Take the
convection heat transfer coefficients on inner and outer surfaces of the window to be h1 =
10 W/m2.K and h2 = 25 W/m2 .K. Disregard any heat transfer by radiation.
a) Determine the steady state heat transfer through this double-pane window.
(10 Marks)

b) Calculate the temperature at all interfaces.

(15 Marks)

QUESTION 2

Natural convection heat transfer occurs when a solid surface is in contact with a gas or
liquid which is at different temperature from the surface. Consider a cylinder with a
length of 15 cm and a diameter of 10 cm. The cylinder has a surface temperature, T of
43°C, while the room air temperature, T b is 17°C. All the physical properties are
evaluated at the film temperature T f = ( TW+Tb)/2 and g is 9.80665 m/s2.
a) Calculate the Grashof number, NGr

(5 Marks)

b) Determine whether placing the cylinder horizontally or vertically would achieve

higher heat transfer rate. Use the constant in Table 4.7-1.

(20 Marks)

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DCE/1213I/DKK1493

QUESTION 3

Consider a 1.2 in high and 2 in wide glass window with a thickness of 6 mm, thermal
conductivity, k = 0.78 W/m.K, and emissivity E 0.9. The room that face the window are
maintained at 25°C, and the average surface temperature of the window is measured to be
5°C. Determine:
a) The convection heat transfer coefficient, h. Use simplified equation from Table
4.7-2.

(10 Marks)

b) The radiation heat transfer coefficient, hr

(8 Marks)

C) The combined natural convection and radiation heat transfer rate, q through the
window.

(7 Marks)

QUESTION 4

Ammonia gas, NH3 is diffusing in a straight tube 20 mm long containing nitrogen, N2

at
298 K and a total pressure of 1.01325 x 10 5 Pa. The partial pressure of NH 3 is 1.333 x 104
Pa at one end and 6.666 x 10 3 Pa at the other end. N2 is insoluble in one boundary, and
hence is nondiffusing or stagnant. The diffusivity is 2.3 x 10 m2/s.
a) Calculate the flux of ammonia, N A in kg mol/m2.s.

(13 Marks)

b) If the N2 can also diffuse, that both boundaries are permeable to both gases and
the flux is equimolar counterdiffusion, calculate the flux, N A in kg moL'm2.s. In
which case the flux is greater?

(12 Marks)
END OF QUESTION PAPER

3

CONFIDENTIAL DCE/121311DKK1493

APPENDICES

Formulas

Conduction

—________
q — &A &B Ax
kA A kB A kA
—
q— I, \ I
ini-Z_I if!] lnf4-
'S\r1 ) r2) r3
27rkA L 2,rk8 L 22rkL

Combined conduction and convection

q=hA(T —T1)= (T —Ti)

hA
(1—T4)
q= 1 & 1
h,A kA h0A

q= (TI TO

1 (r,) 1
+
li,A, 2kL h,, A,,

Natural convection

L3p2g/3AT
Gr — 2
hL
NNU = = a(Na r Npr )

q = hA(TW — i)
ö3p2g/3óT
N Gr,5 2

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CONFIDENTIAL DCE/121311DKK1493

Radiation

q=AaT4
q=Aso-T4

Stefan- Boltzmann constant

C = 5.676x10 8 W/m2.K1

Combined radiation and convection

qrd (k+h1r)'4i (TI

q=q cony + T2)
=(4_4)
h
I;—';

Molecular diffusion

D AB (CAI—cA2)
NA =
Z2 -

= DAB(pAl —PA2)
NA
RT(z 2 —z1)
= DAB P(pAl PA2)
NA
RT(z2 Z1)PBM

- PB2 - PBI
PBM -
ln1R1
. PBI

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CONFIDENTIAL DCE/12131/DKK1493

A.1-3 Length
1 in. = 2.540 cm
100 cm = 1 m (meter)
1 micron = 10 m = iO cm iO mm = 1 m (micrometer)
1 A (angstrom) = 10_ I0 m = 104m
1 mile = 52801t
1 m = 3.2808 ft = 39.37 in.
.Ai-4 Mass
1 lb.. = 453.59 g = 0.45359 kg
1 ibm = 16 oz = 7000 grains
1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lb.
1 ton (short) 2000 Ibm
I ton (long) = 2240 ibm
1 ton (metric) = 1000 kg
A.i-S Standard Acceleration of Gravity
g 9.80665 m/s2
g = 980.665 cm/s2
g = 32.174 ft/s2
g (gravitational conversion factor) 32.1740 lb., ft/lb1.
= ,980.665 gm.cm/gg.s
A.1-6 Volume
1 L (liter) 1000 cm3 1 m3 = 1000 1.. (liter)
1 in.3 = 16.387 cm' 1 U.S. gal 4 qt
1 ft3 = 28.317 L (liter) 1 U.S. gal = 3.7854 L (liter)
1 ft3 = 0.028317 m3 1 U.S. gal = 3785.4 cm3
1 ft3 7.481 U.S. gal 1 British gal = 1.20094 U.S.. gal
1 m3 264.17 U.S. gal 1 m3 = 35.313 ft3
A.1-7 Force
1 g cm/s2 (dyn) 107 5 kg . rn/s2 = 10 N (newton)
1 g.- cm/s2 = 7.2330)< iO lb,,,, _ ft /S2 (poundal)
1 kg . rn/s2 = 1 N (newton)
1 lb1 = 4.4482 N
1 g - cm/s2 = 2.2481 X 10 lb1
A.1-8 Pressure
1 bar 1 x 1W Pa (pal) = 1 x iO N/rn2
1 psia 1 1b11.an.
1 psia = 2.0360 in. Hg at 0°C
1 psia = 2.311-ftH20 at 70°F
1 psia = 51.715 mm Hg at 0°C (p = 13.5955 g/cm3)
1 atm = 14.696 psia 1.01325 X 1O N/rn 2 1.01325 bar
1 atm = 760 mm Hg at 0°C = 1.01325 .X 10 5 Pa 1.01325 X 102 kPa
CONFIDENTIAL
DCE/12131JDKx1493

A.1-1 Gas Law Constant R

Numerical Value Units

1.9872 gcal/gmol.K
1.9872 btu/lb mol• OR
82.057 cm 3. atm/g mol K
8314.34 J/kgmol.K
82.057 X 10 rn3'atm/kgmol.K
8314.34 kg. m 2/s2 • kg mol K
10.731 ft3 lbc/in.2. lb mol
0.7302 ft3 atm/lb mol• OR
1545.3 ft. 1b1 /lb mol OR
8314.34 m3• Pa/kg mol.K

CONFIDENTIAL DCE/12131/DKK1493

A.3-3 Physical Properties of Air at 101.325 kPa (1 Atm Abs), SI Units

I.t)(
T T p c,, (Pa. s, or k /3 X iO g/3p2/2
(°C) (K) (kg/rn3) (kJ/kg . K) kg/rn . .$) (WIrn K) (1/K) (1/K. M3)

-17.8 255.4 1.379 1.0048 1.62 0.02250 0.720 3.92 2.79X 108
0 273.2 1.293 1.0048 1.72 0.02423 0.715 3.65 2.04 x 108
10.0 283.2 1.246 1.0048 1.78 0.02492 0.713 3.53 1.72 x 108
37.8 311.0 1.137 1.0048 1.90 0.02700 0.705 3.22 1.12 X 10
65.6 338.8 1.043 1.0090 2.03 0.02925 0.702 2.95 0.775 x iO
93.3 366.5 0.964 1.0090 2.15 0.03115 0.694 2.74 0.534 x 108
121.1 394.3 0.895 1.0132 2.27 0.03323 0.692 2.54 0.386 X 108
148.9 422.1 0.838. 1.0174 2.37 0.03531 0.689 2.38 0.289 X 108
176.7 449.9 0.785 1.0216 2.50 0.03721 0.687 2.21 0.214 x 108
204.4 477.6 0.740 1.0258 2.60 0.03894 0.686 2.09 0.168 x 108
232.2 505.4 0.700 1.0300 2.71 0.04084 0.684 1.98 0.130 x 10
260.0 533.2 0.662 1.0341 2.80 0.04258 0.680 1,87 0.104 x 108

A.3-3 Physical Properties of Air at 101.325 kPa (1 Atm Abs), English Units

P c k
(1brn
T (_btu (_blu NJ /3 x iO giJp2//.L2
(°F) .ft3) \,, 1b,. °F) (cenripoise) ft OF (1/°R) (11°R fl3)

0 0.0861 0.240 0.0162 0.0130 0.720 2.18 4.39 x 10

32 0.0807 0.240 0.0172 0.0140 0.715 2.03 3.21 x 106
50 0.0778 0.240 0.0178 0.0144 0.713 1.96 2.70 x 106
100 0.0710 0.240 0.0190 0.0156 0.705 1.79 1.76 x 106
150 0.0651 0.241 0.0203 0.0169 0.702 1.64 1.22 x 106
200 0.0602 0.241 0.0215 0.0180 0.694 1.52 0.840 x 106
250 0.0559 0.242 0.0227 0.0192 0.692 1.41 0.607 x 106
300 0.0523 0.243 0.0237 0.0204 0.689 1.32 0.454 X 106
350 0.0490 0.244 0.0250 0.0215 0.687 1.23 0.336 x 106
400 0.0462 0.245 0.0260 0.0225 0.686 1.16 0.264 x 106
450 0.0437 0.246 0.0271 0.0236 0.674 1.10 0.204 X 10
500 0.0413 0.247 0.0280 0.0246 0.680 1.04 0.163 X 10
Source: National Bureau of Standards, Circular 461C, 1947: 564,1955: NBS-NACA. Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, 1949;
F. G. Keyes, Trans. A.S.M.E., 73,590. 597 (1951):74,1303 (1952): D. D. Wagman, Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties.
Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, 1953.

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CONFIDENTIAL DCE/121311DKK1493

TABLE 4.74. Constants for Use with Eq. (47-4) for Natural Conwection
Phrskal Geometry N0N, a in Ref
Vertical planes and cylinders
[vertical height L < I m (3 It)]
<10 1.36 (P3)
W-109 0.59 (Mi)
>i0 0.13 1 (Ml)
Horizontal cylinders
[diameter D used for
L and D <0.20 in 0,66 ft}
0.49 0 (P3)
10-10 0.71 (P3)
i0-i 1.09 10 (P3)
1_104 1109 (P3)
10-10 0.53 (Ml)
0.13 (P3)
Horizontal plates
Upper surface of heated plates or 10.-2 X flY 054 (Ml)
lower surface of cooled plates 2 X 10-3 X 10m (MI)
Lower surface of heated plates or
upper surface of cooled plates 105IQ1 0.58 (Fl)

CONFIDENTIAL
DCE/12131JDKK1493

TABLE 4.7-2. Simplified Equations for Nasural Convection from Various Surfaces
Equation
hbtu/h .ft2. °F 1iWhn2K
L=nzXT=K
Physical Geometry AcovP, D ft 1) in Ref
Air at 10132 kPa (1 atm) abs pressure
Vertical planes and 10-10 Ii 0 28(ATlL)' h = 1 37(T/L) (Pt)
cylinders >i0 ii 0.1$(1)'° h 1.24A7 -(P1)
Horizontal cylinders 10-10' h 0.27(TID) 114 It 1.32(4T/D) (Ml)
>1O h = 018(A7)" h = 1.24 7 3 (Mi)
Horizontal plates
Heated plate facing l0-2 x I0 h 0.27AT/L)' h 1.32(ATlL) (Ml)
upward or cooled 2 x 10-3 X 101 h = 022(A 7) h = 1.52 A 7 413 (Ml)
plate facing
downward
Heated plate facing 3 x 10-3 X 1011 ii O.12(7YL)' Ii 0.59 (A TiL'4 (Ml)
downward or
cooled plate
facing upward
Water at IO DF (294 K)
Vertical planes and 10-i0 It 26(Ai/L)mM h 1.27(ATIL) 114 (P1)
cylinders
Organic liquids at lOT (294 K)
Vertical planes and iO-iO h = 12(AT/L) It 59(AT/L)' (P1)
cylinders

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