Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
I N T R O D U C T I O N
3 SIGNIFICANCE of ceramics for kiln construction and furniture
M A T E R I A L S
4-5 SUMMARY of our ceramic materials
8 REFRACTORY CEMENTS
9 Physical PROPERTIES
D E S I G N I N G
10 CERAMIC TUBES Selection from our production programme
A P P L I C A T I O N
12-13 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS for ceramic materials
S O L U T I O N S
19 TECHNICAL CERAMICS
Optimised utilisation of energy: The short thermal cycle of the roller hearth kiln.
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I N T R O D U C T I O N
SIGNIFICANCE
of ceramics for kiln construction and furniture
tunnel kiln
firing time/h
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M A T E R I A L S
SUMMARY
of our ceramic materials
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M A T E R I A L S
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M A T E R I A L S
INSULATION COMPOUNDS
Insulation compounds are used for If too much powder is mixed, the Insulation Compound 150
embedding or fixing electric heating remainder can be dried and used
elements on ceramic parts. An again. Contamination may, however, Our compound 150 is used for
exception is the compound SKA 90 render the insulation compounds embedding heating wires having
(see right column). unusable. diameters of approximately 1 – 3 mm.
Insulation compounds are used for Due to its composition the compound
filling gaps and cracks as well as for can be used up to a temperature
kiln repair. Firing supports can also be of approx. 1350 °C. The setting
manufactured from these compounds. 2 Information about kiln design temperature is 1000 °C. Please refer
The compounds are prepared by to “Insulation Compounds” for more
adding water to the powder and set The electric heating coils must be preparation details.
by heating. Final strength is achieved evenly spaced and checked by means
by heating to the required temperature of a gauge prior to embedding.
indicated in the table on page 7.
For kilns heated with nickel-
Shrinkage is minimal using this chrome elements, i.e. for temperatures Insulation Compounds 60 – 1000 F
process. HALDENWANGER insulation exceeding 1000 °C, grid voltage is not
compounds are free from electrolytes recommended. For fixing heating wires having a
to ensure good electrical insulation diameter of 1 mm or more, we
even at extremely high temperatures. The heating coils will last longer if recommend the use of compound 60
the voltage is 110 V or less. If possible, at temperatures not exceeding 1350 °C
the insulation compound should and compound 1000 for temperatures
be prepared using water free of up to 1800 °C. Heating wires with a
electrolytes. diameter of less than 1 mm should be
1 Preparation instructions and embedded with compound 250 at
use of insulation compounds Because of its ion content, normal tap temperatures up to 1350 °C and with
water reduces the electrical resistivity compound 1000 F for temperatures
The powder is mixed thoroughly with of the insulation substances. This up to 1800 °C.
water which is free from electrolytes. should be taken into consideration if
For good processability the paste furnaces for high temperatures are
should not stick to the back of one’s involved.
hand. After embedding, the insulation
material should be left for about If the powders are mixed frequently, Insulation Compound SKA 90
24 hours to dry at approx. 50 °C. The water totally free of electrolytes must
material can then be shaped, filed be used. This substance was tailored to
or drilled. withstand slag attack. It is used for
crucible linings in which precious
Final strength of the insulation material metals are melted. Without such linings
is achieved by heating it to the required contamination of molten metals may
temperature. It is recommended to occur. Besides excellent corrosion
surround the kiln tube with a layer of resistance this compound also has
insulation during this heat treatment. an extremely good thermal shock
resistance.
Heating for the first time should be
done with care. Initial blackening of
the compounds 1000 and 1000 F
during heating is due to carbonisation
of the organic binder and will disappear
after soaking temperature is reached.
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M A T E R I A L S
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M A T E R I A L S
REFRACTORY CEMENTS
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M A T E R I A L S
Physical
PROPERTIES
Sillimantin 60 NG
Sillimantin KS
Sillimantin 60
Sillimantin 65
Alsint porous
Pythagoras
Alsint 99,7
Halsic-RX
Quarzgut
Halsic-R
Halsic-S
Halsic-I
Unit
Impervious Materials Porous Materials
Al2O3 content % 99,7 76 60 – – 99,5 72-74 72-74 78-80 70 – – – –
% – 0,5 3,0 – – – ≤1 ≤1 ≤1 ≤1 – – – –
Alkali content
g · cm-3 3,75- 3,0 2,6 3,1 3,1 < 3,6 2,65 2,35 2,45 2,35 2,2-2,5 1,92- 2,7 2,7
Density
3,94 2,00
MPa 300 150 120 240- 350- 70- 60 45 55 45 30 30-40 80- 80-
Flexural strength 20 °C (3-point)
280 2) 400 2) 110 2) 100 2) 100 2)
– 9 8 8 – – – – – – – – – – –
Hardness (Mohs scale)
10-6 · K-1 7,8 5,6 5,4 3,7 4,5 7,8 5,2 5,3 5,3 5,3 5 – 3,9 3,9
Thermal expansion 20 - 700 °C
10-6 · K-1 8,6 6,0 6,0 4,3 5,0 8,6 5,7 5,7 6,3 5,7 5 0,5-0,9 4,5 4,5
Thermal expansion 20 - 1000 °C
°C 1700 1600 1400 1350 5) 1600 5) 1700 1650 1350 1400 1350 1300 1000 1600 5) 1650 5)
Max. working temperature 4)
2000 6) 2000 6)
Permissible continuous °C 1600 – 1500 – – – – 1600 – – – – – –
temperature for protection
sheaths acc. to DIN 43724
Permissible continuous °C 1800 – 1500 – – – – – – – – – – –
temperature for insulating rods
sheaths acc. to DIN 43724
Dielectric strength kV · 26 26 26 – – – – – – – – – – –
acc. to IEC 672-2 mm-1
– good good good very very good good very very very very very very very
Thermal shock resistance
good good good good good good good good good
The physical properties stated above result from test pieces. These values can only be used as a reference to other forms and dimensions depending on manufacturing process, geometry, surface
finish and machining. In practice, e.g. Alsint 99,7 components have a flexural strength of between 160 and 340 MPa. 1) properties for general information only due to different qualities,
2) 4-point bending strength, 3) at 700°C, 4) depending on load, 5) in oxidising atmosphere, 6) in inert atmosphere.
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D E S I G N I N G
CERAMIC TUBES
Selection of our production programme
Outer x inner Ø mm Outer x inner Ø mm Outer x inner Ø mm Outer x inner Ø mm Outer x inner Ø mm Ø mm
20 x 15 20 x 15 15 x 7 26 x 18 17 x 12 20
22 x 17 22 x 17 20 x 12 28 x 22 20 x 15 25
Porous Materials
24 x 19 24 x 19 20 x 15 30 x 23 22 x 17 30
26 x 18 26 x 18 25 x 15 35 x 26 24 x 19 35
28 x 22 28 x 22 25 x 18 40 x 32 26 x 18 40
30 x 23 30 x 23 30 x 20 50 x 40 26 x 20 45
35 x 27 35 x 27 35 x 25 55 x 45 28 x 22 50
40 x 32 40 x 32 40 x 30 60 x 49 30 x 23 55
50 x 40 50 x 40 45 x 35 65 x 54 31 x 25 60
60 x 50 60 x 50 50 x 40 70 x 58 33 x 28 65
70 x 60 70 x 60 55 x 45 75 x 62 35 x 27 70
80 x 70 80 x 70 60 x 48 80 x 66 40 x 32 75
90 x 75 90 x 75 85 x 71 45 x 35 80
100 x 85 100 x 85 90 x 74 50 x 40 85
110 x 95 110 x 95 95 x 79 55 x 45 90
120 x 100 120 x 100 100 x 84 60 x 50 95
130 x 110 130 x 110 105 x 89 65 x 55 100
140 x 120 140 x 120 110 x 94 70 x 60
160 x 140 160 x 140 115 x 99 75 x 65 We can grind
200 x 175 200 x 175 120 x 104 80 x 70 intermediate sizes as
250 x 230 250 x 230 125 x 109 85 x 75 per your requirement.
330 x 310 330 x 310 130 x 114 90 x 75
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D E S I G N I N G
TOLERANCES
according to DIN 40680
Diameter tolerances – deflectional tolerances without grinding to DIN 40680, issue 1983
Nominal dimensional coarse Degree of medium coarse Degree of medium
range for diameter Permissible accuracy Permissible Nominal dimensional Permissible accuracy Permissible
or length in mm deviation in mm deviation in mm range for length deviation in mm deviation in mm
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A P P L I C A T I O N
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
for ceramic materials
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A P P L I C A T I O N
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A P P L I C A T I O N
CERAMIC ROLLERS
Worldwide, HALDENWANGER is
the only manufacturer of rollers for
kilns and furnaces able to supply
the complete programme of roller
materials. With our know-how of
producing different mullite and SiC-
based materials we offer custom-
made solutions.
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A P P L I C A T I O N
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A P P L I C A T I O N
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
for ceramic components
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A P P L I C A T I O N
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A P P L I C A T I O N
SIZES
of muffles, open both ends
54
46
56
63
74
Sillimantin 60 only.
120
For Sillimantin 60 NG muffles, 46
50
please use a correction factor 56 74
83
of –5%.
75
95
105
103
84
80
90
100 101
82
97
67
59
110 122
9r 17r
118
133
105
89
105
95
WS: 8.5
WS: 6.8
180
78
95 195
87
110
135
105
20r 10r
140
43
53
160
127
145
WS: 5.5
160
170
175
195
115
140
65
81
175
WS: 9.5 WS: 13.8
155 145
102
86
170 170
164
180
185
200
177
200
130
145
WS: 10.0
WS: 9.5 5r
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S O L U T I O N S
TECHNICAL CERAMICS
Mechanical applications,
from shafts to cylinder liners
Chemical applications,
from evaporating dishes
to combustion boats
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