1.

Division of work – specialization allows individual to build up experience and to

continuously improve his/her skills.

Division of work is highly important in an organization. Every employee of the

organization should know his tasks and role in the office. If a person is engaged

routinely in the same type of work, after some time, he automatically acquires some

expertise skill, sureness, accuracy and precision over how to do it in a better and

efficient way. If there is no division of work, there will be a higher chance of work

redundancies or the employees will not be sure as to where the extent of their work will

be. In our office, there is a clear separation of work wherein, it is divided into licensing,

adjudication and registration, and there are employees that are assigned in every area

so that there is no overlapping of work. If there is no clear division of work, there is a

high tendency of error in regards with the work and output. The issue with this principle

though, in my opinion is that, work in the government is continuous, especially in our

case as front liners - we don’t even have noon breaks, if one employee is not around,

someone would not want to fill up for the person’s job for a while since employees have

their own assigned work. The top managers however do have solutions on this, 1 or 2

persons are sent to be trained in a specific job, so every person has their alternate.

2. Authority- The right to issue commands, along with which must go the balanced

responsibility of its function.

 Authority, in context of a business organization, authority can be defined as the

power and right of a person to use and allocate the resources efficiently, to take

decisions and to give orders so as to achieve the organizational objectives. (Retrieved

from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/delegation_of_authority.htm).The top

level management has greatest authority.

The principle of authority is also seen in our organization in terms of responsibilities

and signatories. Whenever the chief of office is not around, the assistant will be the one

in charge in the overall operations of the office, including the documents that are

needed to be signed so as to ensure the continuity of service. In connection to this, the

authority that can be transferred to the assistant is only limited, and should be well

defined. Most of the time, it is for the routine work or transactions that should not be

delayed. The assistant may be responsible for the decisions he/she will make for a

while, but the full responsibility is still on the chief of office.

3. Discipline – Employees must obey, but this is two-sided: employees obey orders

if management plays their part by providing good leadership.

Discipline is very important in an organization. Discipline serves as a set of rules and

regulations in the office that the employees have to obey in order to maintain order in

the workplace. If the employees failed to follow, there is a corresponding penalty for

their violations. But for the employees to follow, a good leader must set a good

example. Even in the small things like not wearing proper uniform and being tardy, the

employees tend to violate the set rules if they see that the boss himself doesn’t follow.
The management should play their part in making sure that the rules and regulations

are being followed throughout the organization.

4. Unity of Command – each worker should have only one boss with no other

conflicting lines of command.

This principle advocates that only one boss should give order to an employee so that

the latter can easily understand what to do and how to manage his tasks. In our office,

we only follow orders from the chief of office. In my case, I am directly reporting to the

supply officer, and she give me direct orders, but those orders will still come from the

chief of office. In my opinion, if this principle is violated, it will automatically create

conflict. You cannot follow multiple orders from many bosses at the same time.

5. Unity of Direction- The organization should have a single plan of action to guide

managers and workers.

A single plan can make the employees reach common objectives by establishing

uniformity and coordination in different activities. In our office, we have what we called

Plans and Programs. Each offices of the Region should formulate their Plans and

Programs for the incoming year so it will serve as a guide for the organization to

achieve its goals. Indicated in the plans and programs are the different seminars and

programs, activities that the office should facilitate in order for us to best inform the

public regarding our mandate, to extend our services to every citizen, and how to better

improve our services.

6. Subordination of Individual Interest- management must see that the goals of the

organization are always of paramount importance.

 This principle states that general interest is superior to the individual interest. In this

principle, the manager or leader must try to integrate the individual goal in such a

manner so that both the objectives are accomplished with efficiency and effectiveness.

This principle is being applied in our organization in a way that, the chief of office, during

meetings, is trying to imply that the decisions being made are always for the benefit of

the office before his own interest. He asks for the opinions and suggestions of the

individuals concerned. In this way, their personal views and goals will also be heard and

if it is directed towards the goal of the office, it will be applied, and if not there are ways

in which they can compromise.

7. Remuneration – workers must be paid for a fair wage for the services they render.

Employees are more motivated to work if they are being paid well. Working in the

government is a high responsibility, for public office is a public a trust. And the amount

of work is indeed numerous. But unfortunately, in my opinion, our wage, specifically as

Job Order personnel does not compensate for the work that we have rendered. The

basic wage may be higher than that of the private companies, but we don’t have the

mandatory benefits such as overtime pay and leaves, and even basic insurances.

8. Centralization – this term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved

in decision making.

As I have mentioned above, the chief asks the employees of their opinions or

suggestions to some instances that he is supposed to make decisions. The principle of

centralization is applied in it in a way that, those who have the authority or expertise in
an area has the power to participate in the decision making. Although the employees

are being heard, the policies that are to be implemented in our office will be coming

from and being reported to the highest authority in the office that is the district head.

9. Scalar Chain – The line authority from top management to the lowest ranks.

This is important in the organization so that there is a clear chain of command. A

clear line of communication is very important for any organization to achieve its

objectives. The communication has to flow in an order for it to be effective. Scale chain

identifies that path. According to the principle, any information should follow a pre-

defined path, which is from the supervisor to the one in lowest position, to avoid any

ambiguity. In our office, the principle of scalar chain is used so as there is a clear path

of communication. The chief will relay any memorandums or orders to the person in

authority such as if it involves license related concerns, he will relay the message to the

person in authority on the license area. And that person in authority will relay the

message to all her subordinates.

10. Order – people and materials should be in the right place at the right time.

According to this principle, there are two different orders that are necessary. The first

one is the material order. In our agency, it is properly monitored, in fact, we have a big

clean up day twice a year wherein we use 5S as a tool to organize all the material

resources and puts them on their proper places and makes standard system in using
and retrieving them so as to save time in looking for the materials. In terms of the social

order, employees are assigned to areas that are best suited for them. Like for example,

as the work in our office is technical and clerical in nature, they will not hire someone

who is not well versed in computer applications or someone that does not fit for the job

for that will be a source of wasted time and resources.

11. Equity – managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates. Treating

employees well is important to achieve equity.

This principle tells that managers should supervise and monitor this process and

they should treat employees fairly and impartially. This principle is important to maintain

in every organization. Managers should be fair to all employees and no such thing as

favoritism should be practiced in the workplace. Unfortunately, this principle is not

always practiced in some or most of the organizations.

12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – employees work better if job security and career

progress are assured to them.

In the government, there is security of tenure for the permanent employees. This is

widely practiced to every government office in the country. Unfortunately, permanent

positions in the government are less than the personnel needed for the agency to

function at its best. That is why Job Order employees or temporary employees are

being hired, and I think it is one of the issues that government offices are facing in

general. It is an issue that even the higher officials of the agency of the government are

having difficulties to address.

13. Initiative – employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will exert

high levels of effort.

With this management principle employees should be allowed to express new ideas.

This encourages interest and involvement and creates added value for the company.

This is also practiced in our office in a way that, even rank and file employees are given

the chance to speak and give suggestions for us to come up with a better solution to a

problem, or for a new project to become successful.

14. Esprit de Corps – promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the

organization.

This is also seen as an important aspect of management in our office. There are

team buildings and other informal gatherings that promotes unity and employee morale

in our office. In this way, everybody will feel that nobody is left behind and there is a

feeling of belongingness and importance.