I MBA Students(2018-2020), CBIT Proddatur, Kadapa Dist
Communications are of two types 1. Verbal Communication 2. Non-Verbal Communication VERBAL COMMUNICATION The sharing of information between individuals by using speech. Individuals working within a business need to effectively use verbal communication that employs readily understood spoken words. Verbal communications are of two types 1. Oral Communication 2. Written Communication ORAL COMMUNICATION Oral communication is a process of expressing information or ideas word of mouth. It can be either formal or informal. FORMAL • Presentation at business meetings • Classroom lectures • Commencement speech given at a graduation ceremony. INFORMAL • Face to face conversations • Telephone conversations • Discussions that take place at business meetings Advantages of Oral Communication Oral communication is best in case of problem resolution. Oral communication is an essential for teamwork and group energy. Oral communication is best to transfer private and confidential matter. There is high level of understanding and transparency in oral communication as it is interpersonal. The feedback is spontaneous in case of oral communication .Thus, decisions can be made quickly without delay. Disadvantages of Oral Communication There may be misunderstanding as the information is not complete. It requires activeness on the part of the audience/receiver. Oral communications are not easy to maintain. Oral communication is time saving as far as daily interactions are concerned, but in case of meetings, long speeches consume lot of time. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION The written communication is the most common mode of business communication. In any organisation, the electronic mails, memos, reports, documents, letters, Journals, Job descriptions, employee manuals etc., are some of the commonly used forms of written communication. Characteristics of written communication Most formal type of communication Used for documentation Used for circulation of information Conventional by nature Presence of both sender and receiver is not necessary at the same time Time factor It has fewer cycles A creative activity Advantages of written communication Easy to preserve Easy presentation of complex matter Permanent record Prevention of wastage of time and money Accurate presentation Use as a reference Delegation of authority Longevity Effective communication Maintaining image Proper information Less distortion possibility No opportunity to misinterpret Controlling tool Easy to verify others Disadvantages of written communication Expensive Time consuming Red-Tapism Useless for illiterate person Difficult to maintain secrecy Lack of flexibility Delay in response Delay in decision making Cost in record keeping Complex words Lack of direct relation other NON - VERBAL COMMUNICATION Communication without the use of spoken language. Nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, and body positions, as well as unspoken understandings and presuppositions, and cultural and environmental conditions that may affect any encounter between people. Characteristics of Non verbal communication Verbal and non-verbal clues co-exist Body postures, gestures and dress suggestive of social status and education level Non-verbal clues are more reliable than verbal clues Non-verbal clues carry cultural biases It is necessary to interpret non-verbal clues in relation to their context Ex: Facial expressions , gestures, eye contact etc., Types of Non-verbal communication 1. Sign Language 2. Kinesics 3. Proxemics 4. Chronemics 5. Hepatics 6. Vocalics 1. SIGN LANGUAGE Sign language is movements of your hands and arms used to communicate. There are several official systems of sign language, used for example by deaf people. Movements are also sometimes invented by people when they want to communicate with someone who does not speak the same language. Types of Sign Language: • Sign language for the deaf. • Sign language for people who are deaf and blind. • Sign language for children and adults with special need. • Sign language for babies. • Sign language for communicating with animals. • Home sign • A village sign language. 2. KINESICS Body language, technically known as Kinesics, is very essential in communication. Human body and its various parts play an important role in communication. The study of messages conveyed by body movements is known as body language or kinesics. Different body parts play specific role in communication. The role of different parts of the body in communication are: 1. Head: There is an old saying ‘Hold your head high’. It is a sign of honour, self respect and self confidence. A head bent low, on the other hand, shows modesty, politeness and guilt. 2. Facial Expression: Face has been called the mirror of the mind because whatever a person feels deep inside is reflected on his face. All parts of the face i.e. the lines of forehead, the eyebrows, the muscles of cheeks, lips all speak louder than words. 3. Eye Contact: Eye contact is powerful tool of communication. It can be used in positive ways to effectively express confidence, intellect, honesty, love, desire, friendship, compassion, sympathy and more. While negatively, eye contact can reflect lies, anger, lack of remorse, and a callous non-genuine attitude. 4. Gesture: Gestures are our hand movements. Different hand movements convey different meanings. E.g. Pounding of fist on table shows anger while a forefinger raised above the head shows ‘Number 1’. Thumbs-up is acknowledge as ‘well done’ and ‘very good’. 5. Posture:
Posture is the way we stand or sit. Posture is
the position adopted by our body. There is a variety of postures including standing or sitting erect, leaning forward or backward, arms crossing, legs spread, stretching or bending sideways. 3. PROXEMICS Proxemics is the study of how humans use space when we’re communicating. How close we stand to someone, whether we touch them, and how comfortable we feel are all part of the study of proxemics. Types of Proxemics Intimate (0-2 feet) Personal(2-4 feet) Social(4-12 feet) Public(>12 feet) . Definition Chronemics is the study of how time is used in communication. Time can be used as a communication tool in many ways, from punctuality to expectations around waiting and response time, to general principles around time management. Importance and significance • Some speech therapists use seven types of non-verbal communication. Chronemics is one of them, where time is used as a message system, including punctuality, amount of time spent with another, and waiting time. • Time is an important non-verbal cue that factors heavily into communication, particularly in the world of business. • Chronemics is a focus of anthropological studies in terms of how time affects different cultures. • Everything communicates, including material objects, physical space, and time systems. 5. HEPATICS • Hepatic communication is a form of nonverbal communication and the way by which people and animals communicate via touching. Touch is the most effective means to communicate feelings and emotions. • The withholding of touch may communicate a variety of negative feelings. Categories of Touch • Friendship-Warmth Touch.
• Professional-Functional Touch. * A handshake or a pat on the back.
• Social-Polite Touch. * Blessing some one or meeting in a party or just a casual meeting. 6. VOCALICS
Vocalics is the use of the voice to communicate nonverbally
• Probably the most important aspect of vocalics is voice quality 1. Rate is how fast you talk 2. Volume is the loudness of your voice 3. Inflection is the vocal emphasis you place on words. Properties and Qualities of the Voice Articulation Vocal qualities Breathiness Raspiness Nasality Vocalizations Filled pause The advantages of non-verbal communication 1. You can communicate with someone who is hard of hearing of deaf. 2. You can communicate at place where you are supposed to maintain silence. 3. You can communicate something which you don’t want others to hear or listen to. 4. You can communicate if you are far away from a person. The person can see but not hear you. 5. Non-verbal communication makes conversation short and brief. 6. You can save on time and use it as a tool to communicate with people who don’t understand your language. • Limitations of Non-verbal communication 1. Lack of formality 2. Expressing contradiction with verbal statement 3. Ambiguity 4. Culture-bound 5. Lack of explanation of message 6. Problem relating to preserving information