100%(1)100% fanden dieses Dokument nützlich (1 Abstimmung)
529 Ansichten2 Seiten
EX post facto research is a method of teasing out possible antecedents of events that happened and cannot, because of this effect, be engineered or manipulated by the investigator. It can be defined as a research in which the independent variable or variables have already occurred and the researcher starts with observation of a dependent variable or variables.
EX post facto research is a method of teasing out possible antecedents of events that happened and cannot, because of this effect, be engineered or manipulated by the investigator. It can be defined as a research in which the independent variable or variables have already occurred and the researcher starts with observation of a dependent variable or variables.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
EX post facto research is a method of teasing out possible antecedents of events that happened and cannot, because of this effect, be engineered or manipulated by the investigator. It can be defined as a research in which the independent variable or variables have already occurred and the researcher starts with observation of a dependent variable or variables.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als DOC, PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
Definition Literally, ex post facto means ‘from what is done afterwards’. In the context of educational research, this phrase means ‘after the fact’ or ‘retrospectively’ and refers to those studies which investigate possible cause-and-effect relationship by observing an existing condition or state of affairs and searching back in time for plausable causal factors. Ex post facto research is a method of teasing out possible antecedents of events that happened and cannot, because of this effect, be engineered or manipulated by the investigator. More formally, it can be defined as a research in which the independent variable or variables have already occurred and the researcher starts with observation of a dependent variable or variables. In this case, the researcher then studies the independent variable or variables in retrospect for their possible relationship to, and effects on, the dependent variable or variables. Thus, the researcher is examining retrospectively the effects of naturally occurring event on a subsequent outcome with a view to establishing a causal link between them.
Kinds of Design in Ex Post Facto Research
There are two kinds of design in ex post facto research, they are: 1. Co-relational study ( causal research) is concerned with identifying the antecendents of a present condition. The basic design is: X
This design has three possible interpretations:
a. that the variable X has caused O b. that the variable O has caused X, or c. that some third unidentified, and therefore unmeasured, variable has caused X and O
2. Criterion group study (causal comparative research) is
concerned with the attempts to dicover possible causes for a phenomenon being studied by comparing the subjects in which the variable is present with similar subjects in whom it is absent. This approach is seen as bridging the gap between descriptive research method on the one hand and true experimental research on the other hand. The basic design of this study is: O1 X
Characteristic of Ex Post Facto Research
1. data are collected after the presume cause or causes have occurred 2. in contrast with true experimental research, in EPF the manipulation control and randomisation of the independent variable is not possible
The advantages of EPF are (1) it is appropriate when the more
powerful experiment method is not possible; (2) it can yield useful information concerning the nature of phenomena; (3) improvement in statistical technique and general methodology have made tihis design is more defensible; (4) it is appropriate when simple cause- and-effect relationship are being explored; (5) the method can give a sense of direction and provide a fruitful source of hypothesis that can be tested by the more rigorous experimental method subsequently.
A Survey Study of Motivation in English Language Learning of First Year Undergraduate Students at Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University